微生物英文题库.docx

1、微生物英文题库Test 1: Development of Microbiology Multiple Choice (choose one answer)1. The fundamental unit （基本单位）of all living organisms is the: C .membrane .cell .nucleus .cell wall 2. Organisms that do not contain a true nucleus are referred to as:C .fungi 真菌 .eukaryotic 真核生物 .prokaryotic 原核生物 .nankary

2、otic 3. The three kingdom classification system （三界分类系统）of organisms was proposed by:D .Pasteur .Bacon .Winogradsky .Woese 4. Fungi differ from bacteria in a number of characteristics. The cell walls in fungi are composedof , while the cell walls of bacteria are composed of peptidoglycan. A .chitin

3、壳多糖 .phospholipid 磷脂 .protein 蛋白质 .glucosamine 葡糖胺5. The first microscopes were developed by: C .Ehrlich .Metchnikoff .Leewenhoek .Lister 6. Control of microbial infections can be accomplished by chemical or immune mechanisms. The first report on the production of an antibiotic（抗生素） is credited to:C

4、 .Lister .Fleming .Ehrlich .Koch 7. The term antibiotic means:C .a substance produced by the laboratory that kills or inhibits other microorganisms .a substance produced by microorganisms that kills or inhibits molds （霉菌） .a substance produced by microorganism that kills or inhibits other microorgan

5、isms .a substance produced by microorganisms that kills or inhibits cancer cells 8. The first documented use of a vaccine（疫苗） for smallpox天花was reported by the English physician:D .Lister .Florey .Fleming .Jenner 9. Active immunity （主动免疫）can be distinguished from passive immunity in that the former

6、requires:B .development of antibodies in ones own body by stimulation with external antibodies .development of antibodies in ones own body by stimulation with external antigens（抗原） .Flemingdevelopment of antibodies in a foreign host and transfer to one s own body .development of antigens in ones own

7、 body by stimulation with external antibodies 10. The process of nitrification （硝化作用）by bacteria described by Winogradsky converts:A .ammonia to nitrate ions 将氨转化成硝酸盐 .nitrate ions to ammonia 将硝酸盐转化成氨 .N2 to ammonia 将氮气转化成氨 .ammonia to urea 将氨转化成尿素11. The transfer of DNA from one organism to another

8、 through the use of a viral vector （病毒载体）is referred to as:B .electroporation 电穿孔 .conjugation 接合生殖 .transformation 转化 .transduction 转导12. The genetic material of a bacteria is located in the molecule:B .RNA .DNA .protein .lipid Fill in the Blank1. Organisms that contain a true nucleus are called_eu

9、karyotic_ 2. Bacteria do not have a true nucleus and are considered _prokaryotic_ 3. Bacteria can be divided into two groups, the _archeabacteria_and the _eubacteria（真细菌）_. 4._anaerobes（厌氧菌）_ are organisms that can grow without using molecular oxygen.5. Microorganisms that can synthesize complex org

10、anic compounds from CO2:are called _autotrophs_（自养菌）_.6. _photoautotrophs（光能自养生物）_ are microorganisms that obtain their energy to synthesize organic compounds from light.7. _heterotroph_（异养菌）_ require organic compounds for growth. 8. Organisms that survive only at very high temperatures are referred

11、 to as_thermophile_（适温性）_. 9. _methanogen_（产甲烷菌）_ are organisms that produce methane （甲烷）from CO2.10. _halophile_（好盐的）_organisms grow under conditions of high salinity.11. Eubacteria can exhibit a number of morphological shapes. Identify four: a._spherical or cocci_ b._cylindrical or rod_ c._spirals

12、_ d._irregular_12. Fungi, algae and protozoa can be differentiated from bacteria by the following characteristic:_eukaryotic_ .13. Fungi have cell wall consisting of _chitin（壳多糖）_. 14. Viruses consist of _nucleic acid_surrounded by a protein coat. 15. The scientific method utilizes deductive reasoni

13、ng （演绎推理）and observations or experiments to prove or disprove a _hypothesis_（假说）_.16. The theory _spontaneous generation_of held that living organisms could arise from nonliving matter.（非生命物质）17. The process used to reduce the number of viable organisms（活菌） by moderate heating is called:_pasteurizat

14、ion_（巴士消毒法）_ .18. The process of tyndallization（间歇灭菌法） uses repeated heating to eliminate or_sterilize（杀菌）_ microorganisms from solutions. 19.An _antibiotic（抗生素）_is a substance produced by microorganisms that inhibits or kills other microorganisms.20. The process of stimulating the immune defenses o

15、f the body is referred to as_immunization_. 21. White blood cells that engulf （吞食）foreign particles（异物颗粒） are referred to as_phagocytes_（吞噬细胞）_.22. A substance in serum（免疫血清） that can neutralize（中和）foreign material is referred to as _antitoxin_（抗毒素）_or _antibody_（抗体）_.23. Cells infected with a virus produce a substance called _interfewn_ that inhibits viral replication. 24. Avery, Colin and MacLeod first demonstrated th