美国文学简史笔记常耀信之欧阳计创编.docx

美国文学简史笔记常耀信之欧阳计创编.docx

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美国文学简史笔记常耀信之欧阳计创编

AConciseHistoryofAmericanLiterature

时间：

2021.02.11

创作：

欧阳计

Whatisliterature?

Literatureislanguageartisticallyusedtoachieveidentifiableliteraryqualitiesandtoconveymeaningfulmessages.

Chapter1ColonialPeriod

I.Background:

Puritanism

1.featuresofPuritanism

（1）Predestination:

Goddecidedeverythingbeforethingsoccurred.

（2）Originalsin:

Humanbeingswereborntobeevil,andthisoriginalsincanbepasseddownfromgenerationtogeneration.

（3）Totaldepravity

（4）Limitedatonement:

Onlythe“elect”canbesaved.

2.Influence

（1）Agroupofgoodqualities–hardwork,thrift,piety,sobriety（seriousandthoughtful）influencedAmericanliterature.

（2）Itledtotheeverlastingmyth.Allliteratureisbasedonamyth–gardenofEden.

（3）Symbolism:

theAmericanpuritan’smetaphoricalmodeofperceptionwaschieflyinstrumentalincallingintobeingaliterarysymbolismwhichisdistinctlyAmerican.

（4）Withregardtotheirwriting,thestyleisfresh,simpleanddirect;therhetoricisplainandhonest,notwithoutatouchofnobilityoftentraceabletothedirectinfluenceoftheBible.

II.Overviewoftheliterature

1.typesofwriting

diaries,histories,journals,letters,travelbooks,autobiographies/biographies,sermons

2.writersofcolonialperiod

（1）AnneBradstreet

（2）EdwardTaylor

（3）RogerWilliams

（4）JohnWoolman

（5）ThomasPaine

（6）PhilipFreneau

III.JonathanEdwards

1.life

2.works

（1）TheFreedomoftheWill

（2）TheGreatDoctrineofOriginalSinDefended

（3）TheNatureofTrueVirtue

3.ideas–pioneeroftranscendentalism

（1）Thespiritofrevivalism

（2）Regenerationofman

（3）God’spresence

（4）Puritanidealism

IV.BenjaminFranklin

1.life

2.works

（1）PoorRichard’sAlmanac

（2）Autobiography

3.contribution

（1）HehelpedfoundthePennsylvaniaHospitalandtheAmericanPhilosophicalSociety.

（2）Hewascalled“thenewPrometheuswhohadstolenfire（electricityinthiscase）fromheaven”.

（3）Everythingseemstomeetinthisoneman–“Jackofalltrades”.HermanMelvillethusdescribedhim“masterofeachandmasteredbynone”.

Chapter2AmericanRomanticism

Section1EarlyRomanticPeriod

WhatisRomanticism?

●AnapproachfromancientGreek:

Plato

●Aliterarytrend:

18cinBritain（1798~1832）

●SchlegelBros.

I.Preview:

Characteristicsofromanticism

1.subjectivity

（1）feelingandemotions,findingtruth

（2）emphasisonimagination

（3）emphasisonindividualism–personalfreedom,noheroworship,naturalgoodnessofhumanbeings

2.backtomedieval,espmedievalfolkliterature

（1）unrestrainedbyclassicalrules

（2）fullofimagination

（3）colloquiallanguage

（4）freedomofimagination

（5）genuineinfeelings:

answertheircallforclassics

3.backtonature

natureis“breathinglivingthing”（Rousseau）

II.AmericanRomanticism

1.Background

（1）Politicalbackgroundandeconomicdevelopment

（2）RomanticmovementinEuropeancountries

Derivative–foreigninfluence

2.features

（1）Americanromanticismwasinessencetheexpressionof“arealnewexperienceandcontained“analienquality”forthesimplereasonthat“thespiritoftheplace”wasradicallynewandalien.

（2）ThereisAmericanPuritanismasaculturalheritagetoconsider.Americanromanticauthorstendedmoretomoralize.ManyAmericanromanticwritingsintendedtoedifymorethantheyentertained.

（3）The“newness”ofAmericansasanationisinconnectionwithAmericanRomanticism.

（4）Asalogicalresultoftheforeignandnativefactorsatwork,Americanromanticismwasbothimitativeandindependent.

III.WashingtonIrving

1.severalnamesattachedtoIrving

（1）firstAmericanwriter

（2）themessengersentfromthenewworldtotheoldworld

（3）fatherofAmericanliterature

2.life

3.works

（1）AHistoryofNewYorkfromtheBeginningoftheWorldtotheEndoftheDutchDynasty

（2）TheSketchBookofGeoffreyCrayon,Gent.（Hewonameasureofinternationalrecognitionwiththepublicationofthis.）

（3）TheHistoryoftheLifeandVoyagesofChristopherColumbus

（4）AChronicleoftheConquestofGranada

（5）TheAlhambra

4.Literarycareer:

twoparts

（1）1809~1832

a.SubjectsareeitherEnglishorEuropean

b.Conservativelovefortheantique

（2）1832~1859:

backtoUS

5.style–beautiful

（1）gentility,urbanity,pleasantness

（2）avoidingmoralizing–amusingandentertaining

（3）envelopingstoriesinanatmosphere

（4）vividandtruecharacters

（5）humour–smilingwhilereading

（6）musicallanguage

IV.JamesFenimoreCooper

1.life

2.works

（1）Precaution（1820,hisfirstnovel,imitatingAusten’sPrideandPrejudice）

（2）TheSpy（hissecondnovelandgreatsuccess）

（3）LeatherstockingTales（hismasterpiece,aseriesoffivenovels）

TheDeerslayer,TheLastoftheMohicans,ThePathfinder,ThePioneer,ThePrairie

3.pointofview

thethemeofwildernessvs.civilization,freedomvs.law,ordervs.change,aristocratvs.democrat,naturalri