美国文学史及选读上册复习资料记录材料.docx

美国文学史及选读上册复习资料记录材料.docx

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美国文学史及选读上册复习资料记录材料

美国文学史及选读复习笔记整理byDaisy

Partone.TheliteratureofcolonialAmerica

I.IntroductionofAmericanliterature

1.DefinitionofAmericanLiterature

LiteratureproducedinAmericanEnglishbyAmericancitizens

2.BasicQualitiesofAmericanWriters

1）Independent

A.noclosehold;freefromitscontrol

B.anindependentaction

C.free-lancewriter自由作家

D.theirindependenceandtheirrighttomakeuptheirownminds

2）Individualistic

A.theirowneffortsforsuccess

B.theinitiative;notgiveineasily

C.freefrompoliticalprejudiceandideologicalconformity

D.theirliterarycareer;successfulthroughtheirindividualefforts

E.therightsofindividuals;theirownrightsandinterest

F.ameansofself-expression;awayofexpressingtheirpersonalviewsaboutlifeandsociety,ofadvocatingliberty,democracyandindependentactionoftheindividual.

G.adevotiontoself-realization,toprotectionofenvironmentandtosuspicionofamasssocietyandpower

3）Critical

A.notsatisfiedwiththecontemporarysociety

B.questiontheprevailingvalues

C.discernflawsinsociety

D.criticizeAmericansociety

E.aliterarytraditioninAmerica

4）Innovative

A.theleastrestraintsandbondagetothepast

B.thenewideas,newattitudes,andnewculturalfaces

C.experimentsinwriting

D.differentfromothersasmuchaspossible;anewtrendalmosteverytenyears

E.America’schangingvalues

5）Humorous

A.astrictlynationalcharacteristic;partoftheirlife,theircharacter,andtheirstyle

B.theludicrousandmirthful

C.enrichAmericanliteraturewithhumorofallkinds

II.NativeAmericanLiterature

1.Background

1）Arichstoreoforalliterature

2）Differentliterarytaste

2.Threestagesofdevelopment

1）TraditionalIndianLiterature

A.thecategoryoforalliterature

B.aregularityofmetricpattern

C.anorganicpartofeverydaylife

D.functional

2）TransitionalIndianLiterature

A.translationsofthegreatIndianorators;memoirsoftheIndianexperience

B.relatedbyIndianstowhiteaudiences.

3）ModernIndianLiterature

A.novels,shortstories,andpoetry

B.moregoodIndianpoetsthanfictionwriters

C.boththeirrichheritageandtheirtragiclossofidentity

III.LiteratureofColonialSettlements

1.Background

1）NeitherAmericannorreallyliterature

notAmerican:

theworkmainlyofimmigrantsfromEngland

notliterature:

aninterestingmixtureoftravelaccountsandreligiouswritings

2）Theaustere简朴的PilgrimstoreformtheChurchofEngland

2.Puritanism

1）TheNewEnglandsettlements:

A.religiouscontroversy

B.anurgeforreligiousfreedomanddetermination

C.fleeingfromreligiousandpoliticaloppressionandpersecution

D.humanthirstforgreatereconomicopportunity,forland,andforadventure

2）Puritans-to“purify”thereligiouspracticeinthechurch

3）Theirownreligiousandmoralprinciples

AmericanPuritanism—oneoftheenduringinfluencesinAmericanthoughtandAmericanliterature.

4）Predestination,originalsin,totaldepravity,andlimitedatonement补偿fromGod’sgrace

5）Theirwayoflife—hardwork,thrift,piety,andsobriety

3.Literature（Inthecolonialperiod,muchoftheliteraturewasproducedbyPuritanwriters.）

1）AliteraryexpressionofthePuritanidealism

ThePuritanoptimism—enormousimpactonAmericanliterature

2）Aliteratureofdiscovery

ThepotentialitiesoftheNewWorld;Theharshreality.

3）Thetypesofwritingproducedinthecolonialsettlementshistories,travelaccounts,biographies,diaries,letters,autobiographies,sermonsandpoems

4）Thepurposeofwriting

torecordtheirexperiencesandtoexpresstheirviewsandfeelings

5）Writersinthisperiodinclude

WilliamBradford（1590-1657），

JohnWinthrop（1588-1631）,

AnnBradstreet（1612-1672）,oneofthemostinterestingoftheearlypoets

EdwardTaylor（1642-1729）.thebestofthePuritanpoets.

AandE:

TheycanbecalledservantsofGod.TheirwritingsservedeitherGodorcolonialexpansion.

Someothercolonialwriterswroteforcivilandreligiousfreedom,andsomewroteforAmericashakingoffthefettersofthesavageBritishcolonialrule.

4.Characteristics

1）utilitarian功利主义的,polemical好争论的,ordidactic说教的

2）teachsomekindoflesson

3）servedeitherGodorcolonialexpansionorboth

4）apracticalconsiderationofthesortimpression

—eachwriterwantedtomakeuponaselectedgroupofreaders

5）symbolismasatechnique

6）plainness

7）fresh,simple,direct,andwithatouchofnobility

8）asmuchaproductofcontinuitiesasanindigenouscreation

补充

AmericanPuritanism

AmericanPuritanismisoneofthemostenduringshapinginfluencesinAmericanthoughtandAmericanliterature.

Theterm“puritan”wasfirstappliedtothoseProtes