高等学校研究生英语综合教程上Unit-9.ppt

高等学校研究生英语综合教程上Unit-9.ppt

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高等院校研究生英语系列教材综合教程（上）综合教程（上）INTEGRATEDCOURSEUnit9AffordableHousingTopic-RelatedInformationQuotesonAffordableHousingAstrongeconomycausesanincreaseinthedemandforhousing;theincreaseddemandforhousingdrivesreal-estatepricesandrentalsthroughtheroof.Andthenaffordablehousingbecomescompletelyinaccessible.（AmericanactorWilliamBaldwin）Keepinghousingaffordableisessentialtokeepingacitythatwelcomesthemiddleclass.（NewYorkCityMayorMichaelBloomberg）AsmayorofSanFrancisco,IwillprovidethevisionandworkhardtomakeSanFranciscoabeautiful,well-plannedcitywithexcellenthousingandtransportationoptions.（GavinNewsom）Topic-RelatedInformationQuotesonAffordableHousingIfonlytherecouldbemillionsofhousestoshelterthosewhosufferinthecoldnesshowhappytheywouldbe!

（AncientChinesepoetLiBai）ReadingFocusBackgroundInformationTextOrganizationTextAnalysisBackgroundInformationVirginiaFairfaxCountysHousingBlueprintPresidents:

PresidentFranklinD.RooseveltPresidentRichardM.NixonBackgroundInformationVirginiastatebird:

cardinal（北美红雀）statetreeandflower:

dogwood（山茱萸）GeorgeWashingtonPresidentoftheUS（17891797）BackgroundInformationVirginiaVirginiaisaU.S.stateontheAtlanticCoastoftheSouthernUnitedStates.Virginiaisnicknamedthe“OldDominion（老自治领州）（老自治领州）”andsometimesthe“MotherofPresidents（总统之乡）（总统之乡）”aftertheeightU.S.presidentsbornthere.ThecapitaloftheCommonwealthisRichmond;VirginiaBeachisthemostpopulouscityandFairfaxCountythemostpopulouspoliticalsubdivision.TheCommonwealthspopulationisovereightmillion.BackgroundInformationVirginiaTheareashistorybeginswithseveralindigenousgroups,includingthePowhatan.In1607theLondonCompanyestablishedtheColonyofVirginiaasthefirstpermanentNewWorldEnglishcolony.SlavelaborandthelandacquiredfromdisplacedNativeAmericantribeseachplayedasignificantroleinthecolonysearlypoliticsandplantationeconomy.Virginiawasoneofthe13ColoniesintheAmericanRevolutionandjoinedtheConfederacy（南部联邦南部联邦）intheAmericanCivilWar,duringwhichRichmondwasmadetheConfederatecapitalandVirginiasnorthwesterncountiesseparatedtoformthestateofWestVirginia.BackgroundInformationVirginiaVirginiaisdividedinto95countiesand39independentcities,whichbothoperatethesamewaysinceindependentcitiesareconsideredtobecounty-equivalent.ThismethodoftreatingcitiesandcountiesequallyisuniquetoVirginia,withonlythreeotherindependentcitiesintheUnitedStatesoutsideVirginia.BackgroundInformationPresidentFranklinD.RooseveltAssumingthePresidencyatthedepthoftheGreatDepression,FranklinD.RoosevelthelpedtheAmericanpeopleregainfaithinthemselves.Hebroughthopeashepromisedprompt,vigorousaction,andassertedinhisInauguralAddress,“theonlythingwehavetofearisfearitself.”（1882-1945）BackgroundInformationPresidentRichardM.NixonReconciliationwasthefirstgoalsetbyPresidentRichardM.Nixon.TheNationwaspainfullydivided,withturbulenceinthecitiesandwaroverseas.DuringhisPresidency,NixonsucceededinendingAmericanfightinginVietnamandimprovingrelationswiththeU.S.S.R.andChina.ButtheWatergatescandalbroughtfreshdivisionstothecountryandultimatelyledtohisresignation.TextOrganizationPartICausesoftheProblem（Paras.1-9）PartIIConsequencesoftheProblem（Para10）PartIIISolutionstotheProblem（Paras.11-13）PartIVSummary（Para14）TextAnalysisPartIPara.1Translatethefollowingsentence.SeventyyearsafterPresidentFranklinD.RooseveltdeclaredthattheDepressionhadleftone-thirdoftheAmericanpeople“ill-housed,ill-clothedandill-nourished,”Americansarewell-clothedandincreasinglyovernourished.Referenceversion:

富兰克林罗斯福总统曾经说经济大萧条造成1/3的美国人住房简陋、衣衫褴褛、营养不良，然而70年后的今天，美国人却是穿着考究、营养日益过剩。

TextAnalysisPartIPara.1Paraphrasethefollowingsentence.Butthescarcityofaffordablehousingisadeepeningnationalcrisis,andnotjustforinner-cityfamiliesonwelfare.Buttheaffordablehousingisinsufficientandthisproblembecomesamoreandmoreseriouscrisisalloverthecountry,notjustforinner-cityfamilieswholiveonwelfare.TextAnalysisPartIPara.1Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedsentence?

TheproblemhasclimbedtheincomeladderandmovedtothesuburbsAnswer:

TheproblemhasaffectedpeoplewithhigherincomesTextAnalysisPartIPara.2Translatethefollowingsentence.Homeownershipisnearanall-timehigh,butthegapisgrowingbetweentheOwnsandtheOwn-NotsaswellastheOwnsandtheOwn-80-MilesFromWork.住房拥有率接近历史最高位，但有房户和无房户之间的差距越来越大，有房户和房子离工作单位80英里远的有房户之间的差距越来越大。

TextAnalysisPartIPara.2Whatisthefunctionofthetwounderlinednounphrases?

One-thirdofAmericansnowspendatleast30%oftheirincomeonhousing,thefederaldefinitionofan“affordable”burden,andhalftheworkingpoorspendatleast50%oftheirincomeonrent,a“critical”burden.Answer:

Theyareappositivestomodifytheprecedingsentences.Thefirstonemeans:

Thisproblemisdefinedbythefederalgovernmentasan“affordable”burden.Thesecondonemeans:

Thisproblemiscalledaveryseriousburden.TextAnalysisPartIPara.2Paraphrasethefollowingsentence.TherealestateboomofthepastdecadehasproducedwindfallsforAmericanswhoownedbeforeitbegan,butaffordablehousingisnowaseriousproblemformorelow-andmoderate-incomeAmericansthantaxes,SocialSecurityandgasprices.Answer:

ThereisaboomofrealestateinthepasttenyearsandAmericanswhoownedhousesbeforetheboommadeanunexpectedamountofmoney,butforthosewhohavelowandmoderateincomes,affordablehousingbecomesamoreseriousproblemthantaxes,SocialSecurityandgasprices.TextAnalysisPartIPara.3Paraphrasethefollowingsentence.TherealestateboomofthepastdecadehasproducedwindfallsforAmericanswhoownedbeforeitbegan,butaffordablehousingisnowaseriousproblemformorelow-andmoderate-incomeAmericansthantaxes,SocialSecurityandgasprices.Answer:

ThereisaboomofrealestateinthepasttenyearsandAmericanswhoownedhousesbeforetheboommadeanunexpectedamountofmoney,butforthosewhohavelowandmoderateincomes,affordablehousingbecomesamoreseriousproblemthantaxes,SocialSecurityandgasprices.TextAnalysisPartIPara.4Translatethefollowingsentences.Theprogramhaseliminatedmostofthehigh-risehellholesthatgavepublichousingabadnameandhasrevivedsomeurbanneighborhoods.Butishasrazedmoresubsidizedapartmentsthanithasreplaced.Referenceversion:

该计划已经拆除了大部分极为糟糕的高层住房，它们曾使公共住房声名狼藉，并已重建了一些城市社区；但这一计划更多的是把享有补贴的公寓房夷为平地而不是取而代之。

TextAnalysisPartIPara.5Paraphrasethefollowingsentence.Overall,thenumberofhouseholdsreceivingfederalaidhasflatlinedsincetheearly1990s,despiteanexpandingpopulationandaballooningbudget.Onthewhole,sincetheearly1990sthenumberofhouseholdsthatreceiveaidfromthefederalgovernmenthasfallentoverylowlevel,thoughtherehasbeenasteadyincreaseinpopulationandabigbudgetrise,TextAnalysisPartIPara.6Translatethefollowingsentence.Todayforeveryoneofthe4.5millionlow-incomefamiliesthatreceivefederalhousingassistance,therearethreeeligiblefamilieswithoutit.Referenceversion:

今天，有450万低收入家庭享受联邦住房救助，还有3倍于此的家庭符合被救助资格，却拿不到救助。

TextAnalysisPartIPara.6Translatethefollowingsentence.Itsoundsodd,butthevictimsoftodayshousingcrisisarenotpeoplelivingin“theprojects”,butpeoplewhoarenteventhatlucky.Referenceversion:

这听起来奇怪，但如今住房危机的受害者不是那些已经享受“救助计划”的人，而是那些没那么幸运去享受这个计划的人。

TextAnalysisPartIPara.5Paraphrasethefollowingsentence.Andunlikewelfare,housingaidisnotafederalentitlement,sotakingitawayfromonefamilyafterafewyearswouldprovideabreakforanequallydeservingfamily.Housingaid,whichisnotarightgrantedbythefederalgovernment,isdifferentfromwelfare.Therefore,whenhousingaidistakenawayfromonefamilyafterafewyears,anotherfamilythatisqualifiedaswellwouldbeabletohavetheopportunitytogettheaid.TextAnalysisPartIPara.8Translatethefollowingsentence.“Youcantsustaintheinternalcontradictionofnolimits.”Referenceversion:

“你不能让内在矛盾无限地延续。

”TextAnalysisPartIPara.9Paraphrasethefollowingsentence.Othersreducetheirrentsbyovercrowding,whichstudieslinktohighercrimerates,pooreracademicperformanceandpoorerhealthOtherpeoplecrowdtogethertoomuchsoastoreducetheirrents.Studiesshowtoomuchcrowdingisconnectedwithhighercrimerates,pooreracademicperformanceandpoorerhealthTextAnalysisPartIIIPara.12Translatethefollowingsentence.AbillpendingtheCongresswoulddivertapercentageofprofitsfromfederallycharteredinstitutionssuchasFannieMaetoanationalaffordable-housingtrustfund,butitseemsstalled.Referenceversion:

一项等待国会投票的法案可能会把一些联邦特许机构如房利美的利润按照一定的百分比转移到国家廉价房信托基金名下，但这项法案似乎停滞不前。

TextAnalysisPartIVPara.14Paraphrasetheunderlinedsentence.HomeownershipisoftendescribedastheAmericandream,butthesedaysmanyworkerswouldsettleforadecentrentalthatwontbankrupttheirfamilies.butthesedaysmanyworkerswouldratherrentadecenthousethanbuyahousesothattheirfamilieswontgobankrupt.