白鲸MobyDick作品分析.ppt
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MobyDick(1851)HermanMelville,HermanMelville(18191891)wasanAmericannovelist,shortstorywriter,essayist,andpoet.AlthoughMelvillehasbeenregardedthroughoutmostofthetwentiethcenturyasoneofAmericasmostpowerfulliteraryartists,particularlyforhismasterpieceMoby-Dick,hewaslargelyunrecognizedinhislifetime.,AboutTheAuthor,MobyDickTypeofwork:
symbolicworkFirstpublication:
1851Setting:
Mostofthebooktakesplaceonvariousoceans,suchastheAtlantic,theIndian,andthePacific,intheearlytomid1800s.However,agooddealofthefirstpartofthenoveltakesplaceinNewEnglandinsideandaroundNantucket.,MainCharactersIshmael(以实玛利)thenarrator,alsoamemberofthecrewoftheWhalerPequod.Ahab(亚哈伯)theegomaniacal(自大疯狂的)captainoftheWhalerPequod.MobyDickthegreatwhitewhale.Starbuckthefirstmate(大副)ofthePequod.Queequeg(标枪手魁魁格)StarbucksskilledharpoonerandIshmaelsbestfriend.,Pequodwhaleship,MobyDick,Ishmael,thenarrator,havinglittlemoneyandfindinglifeonshoregrim,decidestogotosea.HesignsaboardthewhalingshipnamedPequod.Itscaptain,Ahab,isatall,broadmanseeminglymadeofbronze.Hehasawhiteleg,madefromthejawofaspermwhale,becausehisownlegistornawaybyMobyDickahugewhitewhale.,PlotSummary,AfterloosinghislegheisdeterminedtopursueMobyDickandkillit.Hehangsadoubloononthemastasarewardforanyonewhosightsthewhitewhalefirst.Eventuallythewhitewhaleappears,andthePequodbeginsitsdoomedfightagainstit.,Onthefirstdaythewhalesmashesawhaleboat.Thesecondday,anotherboatisswamped,thecaptainsivorylegissnappedoff.Whenthethirddaycomes,Ahabandhiscrewmanagetoharpoonthewhale,butitcarriesthePequodalongwithittoitsdoom.AllonboardgetdownedexpectIshmael,whoisrescuedbyanotherwhalerandsurvivestotellthestory.,Plot,IshmaelyearnsforawhalingadventureMeetsQueequegSignwiththewhaleshipPequodCaptainAhabappearsOnlypurposeofAhabiskillingMobyDickStarbuckargueswithAhabSeveralsinisteromensappearFindMobyDickTwofightsbetweenMobyDick&thecrewFirstone:
MobyDickescapesSecondone:
AllthecrewdieexceptIshmael,MeaningsofMobyDicktotheCharactersFirst,astoCaptainAhab,MobyDickisevil,istheonehewantstotakerevengeon,anditishisswornenemy.AhabvowedtoavengeandkillMobyDickforrippinghisleg,soheconsideredMobyDickashisaimofconquest.HeheatMobyDick,thinkofitnothingbuttheembodimentofevil,itmakeshimfurious,painful,andmessedupallhislife.InordertochaseandhuntdownMobyDick,Ahababandonedhisfamily,evensacrificedallsailorslife.ToAhab,MobyDickistheevilhemustdefeatanddestroy.,Second,astothefirstmateStarbuck,MobyDickisthesymbolofthepowerofjuggernaut.HeisclearthatMobyDickisnotanormalwhaleasthosetheyhadmet,itcandestroytheshipandkillallpeopleontheship.HetriedtopersuadeCaptainAhabtogiveupchasingMobyDick,buthefailed.Thoughhepredictedtheirtragicfate,hecandonothingtostopit.Therefore,inStarbuckseyes,MobyDickisahorribleguillotine.,Third,astothesecondmateStubb,MobyDickisagoodchanceforhimtomakeprofit.Inthattime,blubber,spermacetiandwhaleboneplayaveryimportantroleinpeoplesdailylife,sowhalingwaslucrativeandbecametheeconomicpillarindustries.SoastoStubb,MobyDickishistooltomakemoney.,Lastly,astoIshmael,MobyDickisthesymbolofnature.Inthe42chapter,IshmaelthinksthatthewhitenessofMobyDickisthepresentfromnature.InIshmaelseyes,MobyDickisbothgorgeousandevil.Itcanbepeaceful,kindandbeautiful,however,italsocanbebrutal,cruelandcrazy.Likehiswhiteness,itsnotonlythesymbolofpurityandinnocencebutalsothesymbolofdeathandevil.,MeaningsofMobyDicktoReadersAstoMelville,MobyDickisthesymbolofnature,oneofthemostcommoninterpretationsofthewhaleisinitscomparisonstonature.Melvilledepictsthewhaleasbeinggracefulandpeacefulinitsnaturalhabitat,muchlikenatureingeneral.Heshowsthatwhenanoutsideforceinterruptsthetruecourseofnature,itcanresultinviolenceandunexpectedactionsofeitherofthetwo.Thewhaleisalsosimilartonatureinthatitisboundbynaturallaws,butthatwithintheselawstheyarecapableofbeingpowerfulandimmortal,atthesametimebeingtemperateandpeaceful.,Symbolism,ThelandTheseaThePequodThevoyageAhabAhabsPipeStarbuckTheDoubloonQueequegsCoffinMobyDick,Land:
asymbolfsafetySea:
asymbolofadventureanddangerThePequod:
asymbolofthehumanworldThevoyage:
tendstoimplythevogageofmindsearchingfortruthandknowledgeoftheforcesworkingintheuniversethatcontrolmenandtheirdestiny.,Starbuck:
asymbolofgoodandnoble.theDoubloon:
asymbolofthelureofevilandtheenticementstogreedAhab:
asymbolofsolipsism,revengeandthenevilAhabsPipe:
ThepipethatCaptainAhabsmokesthroughoutthevoyagerepresentshappinessinAhabslife.OncehetossesitovertheedgeoftheshipinhispursuittofindMobyDick,allhishappinessislost.,QueequegsCoffinQueequegscoffinalternatelysymbolizeslifeanddeath.Queequeghasitbuiltwhenheisseriouslyill,butwhenherecovers,itbecomesachesttoholdhisbelongingsandanemblemofhiswilltolive.Heperpetuatestheknowledgetattooedonhisbodybycarvingitontothecoffinslid.Thecoffinfurthercomestosymbolizelife,inamorbidway,whenitreplacesthePequodslifebuoy.WhenthePequodsinks,thecoffinbecomesIshmaelsbuoy,savingnotonlyhislifebutthelifeofthenarrativethathewillpasson.,MobyDick,ametaphorforthehumangralationshipwiththeChristainGod:
Godisunknownandcannotbepinneddown,MobyDickpossessesvarioussymbolicmeaningsforvariousindividuals.
(1)Symbolofnatureforhumanbeings,becauseitismysterious,powerful,unknown.
(2)SymbolofevilfortheCaptainAhab.(3)Symbolofgoodandpuritybecauseofitswhiteness.,MobyDick,THEMES,Searchfortruth:
Thestorydealswiththehumanpursuitoftruthandthemeaningofexistence.ConflictbetweenGoodandEvil.ConflictbetweenManandNature.Isolationbetweenmanandman;manandnature;manandsociety.Solipsism(唯我论).,WritingStyle,
(1)Hisworksaresymbolicandmetaphorical.,voyage-searchanddiscovery,thesearchfortheultimatetruthofexperience.,thePequod-theshipoftheAmericansoul,MobyDick-asymbolof,evil,goodness,both,itswhiteness-paradoxicalcolor,deathandcorruption,purity,innocence,andyouth,
(2)Hemanagestoachievetheeffectofambiguitythroughemployingthetechniqueofmultipleviewofhisnarratives.,MobyDickisportrayedforthereaderfromdifferentangles.Theauthorisunwillingnesstocommithimself,andthereaderisthrownuponhimselfforjudgement.,(3)Hetendstowriteperiodicchapters(掉尾章的手法).thelastparagraphofchapteronepullingallthingintoonesentenceisagoodillustrationinpoint.,