年考研英语二真题及答案.doc

年考研英语二真题及答案.doc

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2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试

英语

（二）

SectionI UseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.（10points）

Happypeopleworkdifferently.They'remoreproductive,morecreative,andwillingtotakegreaterrisks.Andnewresearchsuggeststhathappinessmightinfluence___1__firmswork,too.

Companieslocatedinplaceswithhappierpeopleinvestmore,accordingtoarecentresearchpaper.__2__,firmsinhappyplacesspendmoreonR&D（researchanddevelopment）.That'sbecausehappinessislinkedtothekindoflonger-termthinking__3__formakinginvestmentsforthefuture.

Theresearcherswantedtoknowifthe__4__andinclinationforrisk-takingthatcomewithhappinesswould__5__thewaycompaniesinvested.SotheycomparedU.S.cities'averagehappiness__6__byGalluppollingwiththeinvestmentactivityofpubliclytradedfirmsinthoseareas.

__7__enough,firms'investmentandR&Dintensitywerecorrelatedwiththehappinessoftheareainwhichtheywere__8__.Butitisreallyhappinessthat'slinkedtoinvestment,orcouldsomethingelseabouthappiercities__9__whyfirmstherespendmoreonR&D?

Tofindout,theresearcherscontrolledforvarious__10__that

mightmakefirmsmorelikelytoinvest—likesize,industry,andsales—andforindicatorsthataplace

was__11__tolivein,likegrowthinwagesorpopulation.Thelinkbetweenhappinessandinvestmentgenerally__12__evenafteraccountingforthesethings.

Thecorrelationbetweenhappinessandinvestmentwasparticularlystrongforyoungerfirms,whichtheauthors__13__to"lesscodifieddecision-makingprocess"andthepossiblepresenceof"youngerandless__14__managerswhoaremorelikelytobeinfluencedbysentiment."Therelationshipwas__15__strongerinplaceswherehappinesswasspreadmore__16__.Firmsseemtoinvestmoreinplaceswheremostpeoplearerelativelyhappy,ratherthaninplaceswithhappinessinequality.

__17__thisdoesn'tprovethathappinesscausesfirmstoinvestmoreortotakealonger-termview,theauthorsbelieveitatleast__18__atthatpossibility.It'snothardtoimaginethatlocalcultureandsentimentwouldhelp__19__howexecutivesthinkaboutthefuture."Itsurelyseemsplausiblethathappypeoplewouldbemoreforward-thinkingandcreativeand__20__R&Dmorethantheaverage,"saidoneresearcher.

1.

[A]why

[B]where

[C]how

[D]when

2.

[A]Inreturn

[B]Inparticular

[C]Incontrast

[D]Inconclusion

3.

[A]sufficient

[B]famous

[C]perfect

[D]necessary

4.

[A]individualism

[B]modernism

[C]optimism

[D]realism

5.

[A]echo

[B]miss

[C]spoil

[D]change

6.

[A]imagined

[B]measured

[C]invented

[D]assumed

7.

[A]Sure

[B]Odd

[C]Unfortunate

[D]Often

8.

[A]advertised

[B]divided

[C]overtaxed

[D]headquartered

9.

[A]explain

[B]overstate

[C]summarize

[D]emphasize

10.

[A]stages

[B]factors

[C]levels

[D]methods

11.

[A]desirable

[B]sociable

[C]reputable

[D]reliable

12.

[A]resumed

[B]held

[C]emerged

[D]broke

13.

[A]attribute

[B]assign

[C]transfer

[D]compare

14.

[A]serious

[B]civilized

[C]ambitious

[D]experienced

15.

[A]thus

[B]instead

[C]also

[D]never

16.

[A]rapidly

[B]regularly

[C]directly

[D]equally

17.

[A]After

[B]Until

[C]While

[D]Since

18.

[A]arrives

[B]jumps

[C]hints

[D]strikes

19.

[A]shape

[B]rediscover

[C]simplify

[D]share

20.

[A]prayfor

[B]leantowards

[C]giveaway

[D]sendout

SectionII ReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）

Text1

It'struethathigh-schoolcodingclassesaren'tessentialforlearningcomputerscienceincollege."Studentswithoutexperiencecancatchupafterafewintroductorycourses,saidTomCortina,theassistantdeanatCarnegieMellon'sSchoolofComputerScience.

"However",Cortinasaid,"earlyexposureisbeneficial."Whenyoungerkidslearncomputerscience,theylearnthatit'snotjustaconfusing,endlessstringoflettersandnumbers—butatooltobuildapps,orcreateartwork,or

testhypotheses.It'snotashardforthemtotransformtheirthoughtprocessesasitisforolderstudents.Breakingdownproblemsintobite-sizedchunksandusingcodetosolvethembecomesnormal."Givingmorechildrenthistrainingcouldincreasethenumberofpeopleinterestedinthefieldandhelpfillthejobsgap,"Cortinasaid.

Studentsalsobenefitfromlearningsomethingaboutcodingbeforetheygettocollege,whereintroductorycomputer-scienceclassesarepackedtothebrim,whichcandrivetheless-experiencedor-determinedstudentsaway.

TheFlatironSchool,wherepeoplepaytolearnprogramming,startedasoneofthemanycodingbootcampsthat'sbecomepopularforadultslookingforacareerchange.Thehigh-schoolersgetthesamecurriculum,but"wetrytogearlessonstowardthingsthey'reinterestedin,"saidVictoriaFriedman,aninstructor.Forinstance,oneoftheappsthestudentsaredevelopingsuggestsmoviesbasedonyourmood.

ThestudentsintheFlatironclassprobablywon'tdropoutofhighschoolandbuildthenextFacebook.Programminglanguageshaveaquickturnover,sothe"RubyonRails"languagetheylearnedmaynotevenbe

relevantbythetimetheyenterthejobmarket."Buttheskillstheylearn—howtothinklogicallythroughaproblem

andorganizetheresults—applytoanycodinglanguage,"saidDeborahSeehorn,aneducationconsultantforthe

stateofNorthCarolina.

Indeed,theFlatironstudentsmightnotgointoITatall.Butcreatingafuturearmyofcodersisnotthesolepurposeoftheclasses.Thesekidsaregoingtobesurroundedbycomputers—intheirpockets,intheiroffices,intheirhomes—fortherestoftheirlives.Theyoungertheylearnhowcomputersthink,howtocoaxthemachineintoproducingwhattheywant—theearliertheylearnthattheyhavethepowertodothat—thebetter.

21.Cortinaholdsthatearlyexposuretocomputersciencemakesiteasierto____.[A]completefuturejobtraining

[B]remodelthewayofthinking[C]formulatelogicalhypotheses[D]perfectartworkproduction

22.Indeliveringlessonsforhigh-schoolers,Flatironhasconsideredtheir____.[A]experience

[B]academicbackgrounds[C]careerprospects

[D]interest

23.DeborahSeehornbelievesthattheskillslearnedatFlatironwill____.

[A].helpstudentslearnothercomputerlanguages

[B].havetobeupgradedwhennewtechnologiescome

[C]needimprovingwhenstudentslookforjobs

[D]enablestudentstomakebigquickmoney

24.Accordingtothelastparagraph,Flatironstudentsareexpectedto____.

[A]competewithafuturearmyofprogrammers

[B]staylongerintheinformationtechnologyindustry

[C]becomebetterpreparedforthedigitalizedworld

2

[D]bringforthinnovativecomputertechnologies

25.Theword"coax"（Para.6）isclosestinmeaningto____.

[A]challenge

[B]persuade

[C]frighten

[D]Misguide

Text2

Biologistsestimatethatasmanyas2millionlesserprairiechickens—akindofbirdlivingonstretchinggrasslands—oncelentredtotheoftengraylandscapeofthemidwesternandsouthwesternUnitedStates.Butjustsome22,000birdsremaintoday,occupyingabout16%ofthespecies'historicrange.

ThecrashwasamajorreasontheU.SFishandWildlifeService（USFWS）decidedtoformallylistthebirdasthreatened."Thelesserprairiechickenisinadesperatesituation,"saidUSFWSDirectorDanielAshe.Someenvironmentalists,however,weredisappointed.Theyhadpushedtheagencytodesignatethebirdas"endangered,"astatusthatgivesfederalofficialsgreaterregulatorypowertocrackdownonthreats.ButAsheandothersarguedthatthe"threatened"taggavethefederalgovernmentflexibilitytotryoutnew,potentiallylessconfrontationalconservationapproaches.Inparticular,theycalledforforgingclosercollaborationswithwesternstategovernments,whichareoftenuneasywithfederalactionandwiththeprivatelandownerswhocontrolanestimated95%oftheprairiechicken'shabitat.

Undertheplan,forexample,theagencysaiditwouldnotprosecutelandownerorbusinessesthatunintentionallykill,harm,ordisturbthebird,aslongastheyhadsignedarange-widemanagementplantorestoreprairiechickenhabitat.NegotiatedbyUSFWSandthestates,theplanrequiresindividualsandbusinessesthatdamagehabitataspartoftheiroperationstopayintoafundtoreplaceeveryacredestroyedwith2newacresofsuitablehabitat.Thefundwillalsobeusedtocompensatelandownerswhosetasidehabitat.USFWSalsosetaninterimgoalofrestoringprairiechickenpopulationstoanannualaverageof67,000birdsoverthenext10years.AnditgivestheWesternAssociationofFishandWildlifeAgencies（WAFWA）,acoalitionofstateagencies,thejobofmonitoringprogress.Overall,theideaistolet"statesremaininthedriver'sseatformanagingthespecies,"Ashesaid.

Noteveryonebuysthewin-winrhetoric.SomeCongressmembersaretryingtoblocktheplan,andatleastadozenindustrygroups,fourstates,andthreeenvironmentalgroupsarechallengingitinfederalcourt.Notsurprisingly,industrygroupsandstatesgenerallyargueitgoestoofar;enviornmentalistsdoesn'tgofarenough."Thefederalgovernmentisgivingresponsibilityformanagingthebirdtothesameindustriesthatarepushingittoextinction,"saysbiologistJayLininger.

26.Themajorreasonforlistingthelesserprairieasthreatenedis____.

[A]itsdrasticallydecreasedpopulation

[B]theunderestimateofthegrasslandacreage

[C]adespe