西安交大出版社研究生基础英语课后练习题答案.docx

西安交大出版社研究生基础英语课后练习题答案.docx

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西安交大出版社研究生基础英语课后练习题答案

01级研究生基英练习答案

Unit1

KeytotheExercises

1.ReadingComprehension

a.Choosethesentencethatbestexpressesthemeaningofthestatementfromthetext.

1.B2.B3.A4.C5.B

b.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationyou’velearnedinthetext.

（1）theresultoftherapidbuild-upofgreenhousegasesprimarilycausedbyhumanactivities。

webeginaconcerted,rapidshifttowardalow-carboneconomy

（2）climaterepresentstheenvelopewithinwhichallournaturalsystemsoperate

（3）theincreasedcostsofdamagefromextremeweathereventssuchasfloods,droughts,hurricanes,heatwaves,andmajorstorms。

theriskthatsucheventsaffectglobalfinancialmarketsthroughhigherormorevolatileinsurancecosts。

andtheriskofabruptandlarge-scaleclimatechange

（4）Scientificanalysisofhistoricclimatedataandprojectionsoffutureconditions,andstate-of-the-artcomputermodelspaintastarkpictureofwhatistocome

（5）keepingaveragetemperaturetoanincreaseintherangeof2.0℃to2.4℃

2.Vocabulary

a.Fillintheblankswiththecorrectformofthewordsorphrasesyouhavelearnedinthetext.

（1）adverse

（2）stark（3）inflict（4）systematically（5）triggered

（6）improvident（7）incurred（8）alternative（9）lostouton（10）settledon

b.Choosethewordorphrasethatisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedone.

（1）B

（2）C（3）A（4）D（5）B（6）C（7）A（8）D（9）C（10）D

3.Cloze

Chooseanappropriatewordorphrasefromthefollowinglisttofillineachofthefollowingblanks.EachonecanbeusedonlyONCE.Changetheformwherenecessary.

（1）embraced

（2）spedup（3）runningout（4）urgency（5）initiative

（6）specific（7）designated（8）contribute（9）incorporate（10）hampering

（11）reward（12）involved（13）adverse（14）adaptive（15）vulnerability

（16）alternative（17）context（18）dueto（19）compensation（20）scheduled

4.Translation

a.ChinesetoEnglish

1）TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

（1）Bendingundertheweightofthepacks,sweating,theyclimbedsteadilyinthepineforestthatcoveredthemountainside.

（2）Concentratingontimepassing,aswedowhenbored,willtriggerbrainactivitywhichwillmakeitseemasthoughtheclockistickingmoreslowly.

（3）UnemploymentshotupinFranceduringthesecondquarter,andthecountry’stopfinanceofficialsaidthesituationwillcontinuetoaggravateevenifaglobaleconomicrecoverygatherspace.ItwastheworstquarterlyunemploymentinFrancesinceearly2006.

（4）Associalpracticecontinuestodevelop,weshouldkeeprenewingourideasandmakeinnovationscourageouslyinlightofpracticalneeds.

（5）Bicyclesareregardedasaneconomicalalternativetobuseswhosefareshaveincreased3timesinthepastfewyears.

（6）TheU.S.governmenthascalledonpeopletosavewaterbecausethescarcityofwaterhasbecomeasourceofglobaltensionecologically,economicallyandpolitically.

（7）Inordertobearecognizedleaderintheindustry,it’sessentialforacompanytoimproveproductionqualityandtaptheoverseasmarketthroughthehelpofstate-of-the-arttechnologiesandequipment.

（8）IfyouarethinkingaboutcomingtoBritainforChristmas,itmightbeagoodideatothinkagain.That’sbecausethousandsofChristmastravelershavebeenstrandedintheUKasadverseweatherconditionscausedmassivedisruptiontothetransportinfrastructure.

2）TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoEnglish.

Scientistssaythewarmingoftheplanetwillbegradual,butthatextremeweathereventswillincreaseinfrequencyandintensity.Theysaytheeffectsofmorestorms,floods,droughtsandheatwaveswillbeabruptandprofound.TheWorldHealthOrganizationsaystheeffectsofso-calledclimate-sensitivediseasesalreadyarekillingmillionsofpeople.

Climatechangeisaglobalphenomenon.Whilenocountrywillbeexempt,shesaysitsconsequenceswillnotbeevenlydistributed.TheWHOchiefsayspoorcountriesthatalreadyarestrugglingwithhugeproblemswillbemostaffected.Fragilehealthsystemsinthedevelopingworldwillcomeunderincreasedstress.Theywillhavegreatdifficultycopingwiththeincreasedburdenofdiseaseandotherhealthproblems.

b.EnglishtoChinese

1）TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.

很多权威的气候学家们都曾发出过这样的警告:

如果我们现在的温度超过工业化前2摄氏度（3.6华氏度）的话,我们将会迈进一个危险的未知国度。

没有人能知道到底全球变暖达到多少度会变得无法控制,并且造成像干旱、洪水、飓风以及热浪等自然灾害的逐渐恶化,造成诸如格陵兰岛或西南极洲大冰原坍塌以及伴随的全球海平面上升等意外的灾难性变化。

但是我们还依然在我们唯一的家身上不断做着危险而又不受约束的尝试,这也是为什么越来越多的年轻人开始将气候变化视为他们这一代人的一项挑战。

2）ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandtranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.

（1）双方相信,应对气候变化应该尊重发展中国家把经济和社会发展作为优先事项,并相信向低碳经济转型是促进所有国家经济持续增长和可持续发展的机会。

（2）中美双方决心根据各自国情采取重要减缓行动,并认识到两国在促成加强世界应对气候变化能力的可持续成果方面具有重要作用。

双方决心支持这些承诺。

（3）在此背景下,双方致力于在哥本哈根会议达成最终的法律协议,同时相信,在共同但有区别的责任原则和各自能力的基础上,达成的成果应包括发达国家的减排目标和发展中国家的国内适当减缓行动。

（4）基于中美两国在电动汽车领域的巨大投资,两国政府宣布在十几个城市开展联合示范工程,并努力开发共同的技术标准以推动此产业规模快速增长。

（5）通过该伙伴关系,两国将就大规模利用风能、太阳能、先进生物燃料和现代电网制定路线,在设计和执行实现这一远景所需的政策和技术手段方面进行合作。

TextB

KeytotheExercises

a.Fillintheblankswiththewordsorphrasesgivenbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.

（1）perilously

（2）inharmonywith（3）tricky（4）nurture（5）makeadifference

（6）insulated（7）deplete（8）stepback（9）sustain（10）bywayof

b.Completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthetext.

（1）moreefficient,kinder,fair,aboveallsustainable

（2）keepyoucomfortable,makelifeeasier,dothethingsyouwanttodo

（3）simplifythemeterreadingprocess,easyandenlightening,fun

（4）arelinedandnotcoveringradiators

（5）comingon,warmenough,you’renotheatingrooms

（6）findabalancebetweentheactionswecando,havingtocompromiseonourqualityoflife

（7）forthestrictlynecessaryamountoftime,hot/warmfood

（8）thecurtains,thedoorsbetweenrooms

（9）reducingourenergyconsumption,travellingmoreefficiently

（10）easilyre-usedandrecycled,withthelowestpackaging

c.DecidewhetherthestatementisTRUEorFALSEaccordingtothetext.

（1）T

（2）F（3）T（4）F（5）F（6）F（7）T（8）F（9）T（10）F

Text4

1.ReadingComprehension

a.Choosethesentencethatbestexpressesthemeaningofthestatementfromthetext.

（1）B

（2）C（3）A（4）C（5）A

b.Fillintheblankswiththeinformationyou’velearnedinthetext.

（1）cleanourfloors,mowourlawnsand,ingeneral,eliminatedrudgeryfromourlives

（2）thecomputer-basedartificialbrainisstillwellbelowthelevelofsophisticationneededtobuildahumanlikerobot

（3）thesamekindofperception,cognitionandthoughtashumans

（4）generatepositiveandnegativereinforcementsignalsinpredefinedcircumstances

（5）becomequiteformidableandwilloutperformhumanbeingsinanyconceivableareaofendeavor,intellectualorphysical

2.Vocabulary

a.Fillintheblankswiththecorrectformofthewordsorphrasesyouhavelearnedinthetext.

（1）attest

（2）disoriented（3）elusive（4）negate（5）progeny

（6）outstrip（7）versatile（8）meld（9）contingency（10）mainstay

b.Choosethewordorphrasethatisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedone.

（1）A

（2）D（3）B（4）A（5）D（6）C（7）D（8）D（9）B（10）B

3.Cloze

Chooseanappropriatewordorphrasefromthefollowinglisttofillineachofthefollowingblanks.EachonecanbeusedonlyONCE.Changetheformwherenecessary.

（1）cover

（2）battlefield（3）deployed（4）initiating（5）aerial

（6）problematic（7）arise（8）mindful（9）vital（10）goes

（11）robotics（12）provided（13）collection（14）ethical（15）endowed

（16）traits（17）expression（18）dumb（19）guidelines（20）stupid

4.Translation

a.ChinesetoEnglish

1.Itoftenhappens,however,thatthinkinglagsbehindreality。

thisisbecauseman’scognitionislimitedbynumeroussocialconditions.

2.Somethingbigwasintheoffing,sobigthattheworkersattheSimonsonplanthadbeenvirtuallyplacedunderarresttopreventanyinformationfromleakingout.

3.Onlybyunderstandingthenatureofthinkingmode,canmanbringforthnewideasinphilosophy,andthecruxofphilosophicalinnovationliesinthechangeofman’sthinkingmode.

4.Fromthenon,hestruggledinhisattemptstoovercomehishumbleoriginsandinsinuatehimselfintoupperclasssociety.

5.It’safarcryfromthedayswhenIwasjustaclerkinasupermarketandnobodypaidmeanyattention.

6.Theinventionofmicroprocessorssetthestageforthearrivalofthemicrocomputer,orpersonalcomputer—anaffordablemachineforthemasses.

7.Sothere’snosuchthingasanenemyinabsoluteterms.Theenemieswefightareonlyinrelativeterms,constantlychangingwiththetimes.

8.Taiwan,viewedfromthehistoricalfactsandtheinternationallaw,isbeyonddisputeonepartofChinesesacredterritoryanditisaninviolablemissionoftheentireChinesepeopletoreunifythemotherland.

ChineseparagraphintoEnglish

Salesofprofessionalandpersonalservicerobotsworldwidewereestimatedtohavereachedabout5.5millionthisyear—andareexpectedtomorethandoubleto11.5millionby2011—yetthereislittleornocontroloverhowthesemachinesused.Somehelpbusyprofessionalsentertainchildren:

othermachinesfeedandbathetheelderlyandincapacitated.“Weneedtolookatguidelinesforacut-offsowehavealimittothecontactwithrobots”oneexpertsaid.“Somerobotsdesignedtolookafterchildrenwiththemforhours,orevendays.Attheotherendoftheagespectrumtochildcare,therelativeincreaseinmanycountriesinthepopulationoftheelderlyrelativetoavailableyoungercare-givershasspurredthedevelopmentofelder-carerobots”

b.EnglishtoChinese

EnglishparagraphintoChinese

计算机的能力当然与生存无关，然而随着语言改变了人类的文化，至少是我们大脑的一小部分已进化成了一种勉强可以称为通用机器的东西。

这个机器的一个特点就是它能服从一系列随意的指令。

而这些指令可以通过语言进行传递并得以执行。

但是由于我们把数字看成是复杂的东西，将它们写下来并用以完成其它类是的功能，所以我们处理数字的方式显得非常笨拙，并且效率不高。

我们用上百亿个神经细胞花好几分钟进行的运算，通过上百个计算机，尤其是那些经过重新设置用于计算