西安交大出版社研究生基础英语课后练习题答案.docx

1、西安交大出版社研究生基础英语课后练习题答案01级研究生基英练习答案Unit 1 Key to the Exercises1. Reading Comprehensiona. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text.1. B2. B3. A4. C5. Bb. Fill in the blanks with the information youve learned in the text.(1) the result of the rapid build-up of g

2、reenhouse gases primarily caused by human activities。 we begin a concerted, rapid shift toward a low-carbon economy(2) climate represents the envelope within which all our natural systems operate(3) the increased costs of damage from extreme weather events such as floods, droughts, hurricanes, heat

3、waves, and major storms。 the risk that such events affect global financial markets through higher or more volatile insurance costs。 and the risk of abrupt and large-scale climate change(4) Scientific analysis of historic climate data and projections of future conditions, and state-of-the-art compute

4、r models paint a stark picture of what is to come(5) keeping average temperature to an increase in the range of 2.0 to 2.42. Vocabularya. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words or phrases you have learned in the text.(1) adverse(2) stark(3) inflict(4) systematically(5) triggered(6) im

5、provident(7) incurred(8) alternative(9) lost out on(10) settled onb. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.(1) B(2) C(3) A(4) D(5) B(6) C(7) A(8) D(9) C(10) D3. ClozeChoose an appropriate word or phrase from the following list to fill in each of the following bla

6、nks. Each one can be used only ONCE. Change the form where necessary.(1) embraced(2) sped up(3) running out(4) urgency(5) initiative(6) specific(7) designated(8) contribute(9) incorporate(10) hampering(11) reward(12) involved(13) adverse(14) adaptive(15) vulnerability(16) alternative(17) context(18)

7、 due to(19) compensation(20) scheduled4. Translationa. Chinese to English1) Translate the following sentences into English.(1) Bending under the weight of the packs, sweating, they climbed steadily in the pine forest that covered the mountainside.(2) Concentrating on time passing, as we do when bore

8、d, will trigger brain activity which will make it seem as though the clock is ticking more slowly.(3) Unemployment shot up in France during the second quarter, and the countrys top finance official said the situation will continue to aggravate even if a global economic recovery gathers pace. It was

9、the worst quarterly unemployment in France since early 2006.(4) As social practice continues to develop, we should keep renewing our ideas and make innovations courageously in light of practical needs.(5) Bicycles are regarded as an economical alternative to buses whose fares have increased 3 times

10、in the past few years.(6) The U.S. government has called on people to save water because the scarcity of water has become a source of global tension ecologically, economically and politically.(7) In order to be a recognized leader in the industry, its essential for a company to improve production qu

11、ality and tap the overseas market through the help of state-of-the-art technologies and equipment.(8) If you are thinking about coming to Britain for Christmas, it might be a good idea to think again. Thats because thousands of Christmas travelers have been stranded in the UK as adverse weather cond

12、itions caused massive disruption to the transport infrastructure.2) Translate the following paragraphs into English.Scientists say the warming of the planet will be gradual, but that extreme weather events will increase in frequency and intensity. They say the effects of more storms, floods, drought

13、s and heat waves will be abrupt and profound. The World Health Organization says the effects of so-called climate-sensitive diseases already are killing millions of people.Climate change is a global phenomenon. While no country will be exempt, she says its consequences will not be evenly distributed

14、. The WHO chief says poor countries that already are struggling with huge problems will be most affected. Fragile health systems in the developing world will come under increased stress. They will have great difficulty coping with the increased burden of disease and other health problems.b. English

15、to Chinese1) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.很多权威的气候学家们都曾发出过这样的警告: 如果我们现在的温度超过工业化前2摄氏度(3.6华氏度)的话,我们将会迈进一个危险的未知国度。没有人能知道到底全球变暖达到多少度会变得无法控制,并且造成像干旱、洪水、飓风以及热浪等自然灾害的逐渐恶化,造成诸如格陵兰岛或西南极洲大冰原坍塌以及伴随的全球海平面上升等意外的灾难性变化。但是我们还依然在我们唯一的家身上不断做着危险而又不受约束的尝试,这也是为什么越来越多的年轻人开始将气候变化视为他们这一代人的一项挑战。2) Read the

16、following passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.(1) 双方相信,应对气候变化应该尊重发展中国家把经济和社会发展作为优先事项,并相信向低碳经济转型是促进所有国家经济持续增长和可持续发展的机会。(2) 中美双方决心根据各自国情采取重要减缓行动,并认识到两国在促成加强世界应对气候变化能力的可持续成果方面具有重要作用。双方决心支持这些承诺。(3) 在此背景下,双方致力于在哥本哈根会议达成最终的法律协议,同时相信,在共同但有区别的责任原则和各自能力的基础上,达成的成果应包括发达国家的减排目标

17、和发展中国家的国内适当减缓行动。(4) 基于中美两国在电动汽车领域的巨大投资,两国政府宣布在十几个城市开展联合示范工程,并努力开发共同的技术标准以推动此产业规模快速增长。(5) 通过该伙伴关系,两国将就大规模利用风能、太阳能、先进生物燃料和现代电网制定路线,在设计和执行实现这一远景所需的政策和技术手段方面进行合作。Text B Key to the Exercisesa. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary.(1) perilously(2) in h

18、armony with(3) tricky(4) nurture(5) make a difference(6) insulated(7) deplete(8) step back(9) sustain(10) by way ofb. Complete the sentences with the information given in the text.(1) more efficient, kinder, fair, above all sustainable(2) keep you comfortable, make life easier, do the things you wan

19、t to do(3) simplify the meter reading process, easy and enlightening, fun(4) are lined and not covering radiators (5) coming on, warm enough, youre not heating rooms(6) find a balance between the actions we can do, having to compromise on our quality of life(7) for the strictly necessary amount of t

20、ime, hot/warm food(8) the curtains, the doors between rooms (9) reducing our energy consumption, travelling more efficiently(10) easily re-used and recycled, with the lowest packagingc. Decide whether the statement is TRUE or FALSE according to the text.(1) T(2) F(3) T(4) F(5) F(6) F(7) T(8) F(9) T(

21、10) FText 41. Reading Comprehensiona. Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the statement from the text.(1) B(2) C(3) A(4) C(5) Ab. Fill in the blanks with the information youve learned in the text.(1) clean our floors, mow our lawns and, in general, eliminate drudgery from our live

22、s(2) the computer-based artificial brain is still well below the level of sophistication needed to build a humanlike robot(3) the same kind of perception, cognition and thought as humans(4) generate positive and negative reinforcement signals in predefined circumstances(5) become quite formidable an

23、d will outperform human beings in any conceivable area of endeavor, intellectual or physical2. Vocabularya. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words or phrases you have learned in the text.(1) attest(2) disoriented(3) elusive(4) negate(5) progeny(6) outstrip(7) versatile(8) meld(9) cont

24、ingency(10) mainstayb. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.(1) A(2) D(3) B(4) A(5) D(6) C(7) D(8) D(9) B(10) B3. ClozeChoose an appropriate word or phrase from the following list to fill in each of the following blanks. Each one can be used only ONCE. Change th

25、e form where necessary.(1) cover(2) battlefield(3) deployed(4) initiating(5) aerial(6) problematic(7) arise(8) mindful(9) vital(10) goes(11) robotics(12) provided(13) collection(14) ethical(15) endowed(16) traits(17) expression(18) dumb(19) guidelines(20) stupid4. Translation a. Chinese to English 1

26、. It often happens, however, that thinking lags behind reality。 this is because mans cognition is limited by numerous social conditions. 2. Something big was in the offing, so big that the workers at the Simonson plant had been virtually placed under arrest to prevent any information from leaking ou

27、t. 3. Only by understanding the nature of thinking mode, can man bring forth new ideas in philosophy, and the crux of philosophical innovation lies in the change of mans thinking mode. 4. From then on, he struggled in his attempts to overcome his humble origins and insinuate himself into upper class

28、 society. 5. Its a far cry from the days when I was just a clerk in a supermarket and nobody paid me any attention. 6. The invention of microprocessors set the stage for the arrival of the microcomputer, or personal computeran affordable machine for the masses. 7. So theres no such thing as an enemy

29、 in absolute terms. The enemies we fight are only in relative terms, constantly changing with the times. 8. Taiwan, viewed from the historical facts and the international law, is beyond dispute one part of Chinese sacred territory and it is an inviolable mission of the entire Chinese people to reuni

30、fy the motherland. Chinese paragraph into English Sales of professional and personal service robots worldwide were estimated to have reached about 5.5 million this yearand are expected to more than double to 11.5 million by 2011yet there is little or no control over how these machines used. Some hel

31、p busy professionals entertain children: other machines feed and bathe the elderly and incapacitated. “We need to look at guidelines for a cut-off so we have a limit to the contact with robots” one expert said. “Some robots designed to look after children with them for hours, or even days. At the ot

32、her end of the age spectrum to child care, the relative increase in many countries in the population of the elderly relative to available younger care-givers has spurred the development of elder-care robots”b. English to ChineseEnglish paragraph into Chinese计算机的能力当然与生存无关，然而随着语言改变了人类的文化，至少是我们大脑的一小部分已进化成了一种勉强可以称为通用机器的东西。这个机器的一个特点就是它能服从一系列随意的指令。而这些指令可以通过语言进行传递并得以执行。但是由于我们把数字看成是复杂的东西，将它们写下来并用以完成其它类是的功能，所以我们处理数字的方式显得非常笨拙，并且效率不高。我们用上百亿个神经细胞花好几分钟进行的运算，通过上百个计算机，尤其是那些经过重新设置用于计算