英语商务信函中的礼貌原则 毕业设计.docx

英语商务信函中的礼貌原则 毕业设计.docx

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英语商务信函中的礼貌原则毕业设计

PolitenessPrincipleandItsPresentation

inBusinessLetters

Contents

Abstracti

摘要ii

ⅠIntroduction1

1.1TheImportanceandFunctionofBusinessLetters1

1.2PrinciplesofBusinessLetters2

ⅡPolitenessPrinciple3

2.1WhytoStudyPolitenessStrategiesinEnglish&Chinese4

2.2Politeness:

Chinese&WesternModels5

2.3PolitenessPrinciplesandBusinessLetters6

ⅢRepresentationofPolitenessinBusinessLetters7

3.1Politeness’PositiveRepresentationinBusinessLetters7

3.1.1Approbation7

3.1.2Sympathy8

3.1.3Agreement8

3.1.4Intimacy9

3.2Politeness’NegativeRepresentationinBusinessLetters9

3.2.1Euphemism10

3.2.2Respect10

3.2.3Apology11

ⅣHowtoApplyPolitenessStrategiesinBusinessLetters12

ⅤConclusion20

References21

Abstract

ThroughacomprehensiveandsystematicanalysisandcomparisonofEnglishbusinessletters,thispaperarguesthatthePrincipleofPolitenessinEnglishbusinesslettersshouldbeupheld.AlsopresentedinthispaperareseveralaspectsofpolitenessinEnglishbusinessletters.Withthedevelopmentofeconomy,businesslettershavebecomeanimportantwaytocommunicate.Bysendingbusinessletterstoeachother,wecanexchangeinformation,contactbusiness,negotiateandsolvetheproblemsexistingintrading,andalsopromotefriendship.Becauseofitscharacteristicsandfunctionsinbusinessletters,politenessshouldbepaidmoreattentionto.BusinessEnglishlettersarethemajormeansofwrittencommunicationbetweentwopartiesintheinternationaltrade.Howtowritebusinesslettersidiomaticallyisveryimportanttobusinessoftheenterprise.Acourtesyanddecentbusinesslettercanhelptobuildafavorablebusinessimageforthecompanyanddobusiness.However,aletterwithoutcourtesycannotonlyleadtothefailureofthebusinessbutalsodestroytheimagewhichthecompanieshavebuiltup.Therefore,thecourtesyofbusinesslettersisveryimportant.

Keywords:

BusinessLetters,PolitenessPrinciple,Representation

摘要

本文通过系统分析和大量实例的比较，论述商务英语信函应坚持的礼貌原则，归纳出当代商务信函中的礼貌表现。

随着社会经济的迅猛发展，商务信函逐渐成为人们在经济领域内的一种重要的交际手段，通过它人们可以交流信息、联系业务、商谈贸易、磋商、处理问题、传递友谊等。

商业信函的特点和功能决定了商业信函中必须注重礼貌策略的表现。

商务英语信函是国际贸易双方进行书面商务信息沟通的重要手段,其撰写的成功与否对企业的业务有着极其重要的影响。

一封礼貌有加、措辞得体的商务信函可以帮助一个公司建构起良好的商业形象,进而做成一笔好生意；反之，一封礼貌欠佳、用语不当的信函则会给一个公司带来负面的评价，使之弄砸了生意不说，还有可能毁了公司苦心经营的形象。

可见，礼貌在商务信函中的作用不容忽视。

关键词:

商务信函,礼貌原则,表现

ⅠIntroduction

Businesscorrespondenceisabasicactivityinvolvedintrade,andremainsaveryimportantformofcommunicationevennowadays.Theydelivertheircompanies’imagestothepublic.Businesslettersareoftenarrangementsorregardedasevidenceofacontract.Theyarewrittenforinformationexchangingandbridgeoverthedesiresbetweenbuyersandsellers.Themosteffectivelettershouldbeeasytoreadandeasytounderstand.Itmustbefriendlyandcourteous.Weshouldbearinmindthepointthatbusinesslettersplayanimportantroleinthedevelopmentofgoodwillandfriendlytraderelationships.

1.1TheImportanceandFunctionofBusinessLetters

Businessreferstothebuyingandsellingofbothgoodsandservices,includingallthoseactivitiesinvolvedinprovidingthegoodsandservicesneededordesiredbypeople.Internationalbusinesscommunicationisaprocessbywhichanoralorwrittenmessageisexchangedbetweenindividualsororganizationsofdifferentculturesthroughacommonsystemofsymbols,signs,orbehavior,withaviewtoproducingactualeffectsinbusiness.

Effectivebusinesscommunicationisthelifebloodofeverybusinessorganization.Anybusinessorganizationcannotfunctionwithoutbusinesscommunication,sinceabusinessorganizationisagroupofpeopleorganizedforbusiness,whoseactivitiesrequirethoseinvolvedtointeractandreacttoexchangeinformation,ideas,plans,andproposals;toco-ordinateandtomakedecisions.Thebehaviorofthemembersofanorganizationcanhaveafar-reachingeffectonthereputationandultimatesuccessofthecompany.Therefore,communicatingeffectivelycancontributeinavarietyofwaystothedevelopmentofthebusinessorganizationbecausesuccessfulmessagescaneliminateunnecessary-disputes,savetimeandexpense,createfavorableimpression,enhancegoodwill,andhelptoincreasethecompany’sprofit.However,allthoserequireonetobequitefamiliarwiththerecipient’sculturetobehaveproperlywhiledoingbusiness.Otherwiseonewouldbeconsideredimpoliteorrude,leadingtounexpectedfailureintheprocessofdoingbusiness.Therefore,itisimportantnotonlyfortheChinesetoknowabouttheforeigncultures,forexample,theEnglish-speakingcountries,butalsoforthoseforeignerstoknowaboutChina’s.

Inaword,theimpressioncreatedbyapolitelywrittenbusinesslettercanbeacrucialfactorinsuccessfulcommunicatingwithourbusinesscounterparts.Itisconcernedwiththesuccessfultransferofanideafromonetoanother,whichisavitalfactorinmakingourbusinesscommunicationrunsmoothlyandeffectively.Businesscommunicationmaytakemanyforms,suchasletters,reports,telegrams,cables,telexes,resumesandprintedformsthatareusedforspecialgoals.Here,wewillconcentrateontheletters,becausethepurposeofthestudyistofacilitateinternationalbusinesscommunication.Moreover,letteristhemainformusedtoexchangeinformationbetweenbusinessorganizations.Therefore,choosinglettercanmaketheresultsofthestudymorerepresentativeandmorehelpful.Inaddition,itwillbeeasytocollectdataforthestudy.

1.2PrinciplesofBusinessLetters

Consideration

Trytoputyourselfinhisorherplacetogiveconsiderationtohisorherwishes,demands,interestsanddifficulties.Findthebestwaytoexpressyourbetterunderstandingandpresentthemessage.Thatenablesarequesttoberefusedwithoutkillingallhopeofbusinessorallowsarefusaltodofavortobemadewithoutharmingfriendship.

Correctness

Correctnessmeansnotonlyproperexpressionswithcorrectgrammar,punctuationandspelling,butalsoappropriatetonewhichisahelptoachievethepurpose.Itislikelytoconveytherealmessageinawaythatwillnotcauseoffenceevenifitisacomplaintorananswertosuchaletter.Businesslettersmustbefactualinformationaccuratefiguresandexacttermsinparticular,fortheyinvolvetheright,thedutiesandtheinterestofbothsidesoftenasthebaseofallkindsofdocuments.Thereforeweshouldnotunderstatenoroverstateasunderstatementmightleadtolessconfidenceandholdupthetradedevelopment.Whileoverstatementthrowsyouintoanawkwardposition.

Completeness

Asyouworkhardforcompleteness,keepthefollowingguidelinesinmind:

Whydoyouwritetheletter,whatarethefactssupportingthereasons,whetheryouhaveansweredallthequestionsaskedornotandwhatthereaderisexpectedtodo.

Concreteness

Whatthelettercomestoshouldbespecific,definiteratherthanvague,abstractandgeneral.Take,forexample,somequalitiesorcharactersofgoodsthatshouldbeshownwithexactfiguresandavoidwordslikeshort,longorgood.Givespecifictime（withdate,month,yearandevenofferhour,minuteifnecessary）.

Butavoidexpressionssuchasyesterday,nextmonth,immediatelyandetc.

Conciseness

Concisenessmeanscompletemessagebutbriefestexpressionwithnosacrificingclarityorcourtesy.Agoodbusinesslettershouldbepreciseandtothepoint.Singlewordsaremoreefficientthanphrases.Wordylanguagesandredundancyrequiremoretimeandmoneytotypeandtoread.Theyarenotwhatmodernbusinesspeoplewant.

Clarity

Keepconstantlyinmindwhatyouwanttosayinyourletter.Itiswelcomedifyouexpressyourselfclearlyanddirectlyinthesimplestlanguage.Plain,simplewordsaremoreeasilyunderstood.Aproperlyparagraphedmessageisrequiredforthepurposeofclarity.Forinstance,weusesemimonthlyinsteadofbimonthlyfortwotimesamonth.,becausebimonthlymaymeanbothtwotimesamonthandonceeverytwomonth.

Courtesy

Courtesymeanstoshowtactfullyinyourlettersthehonestfriendship,thoughtfulappreciation,sincerepoliteness,considerateunderstandingandheartfeltrespect.Answerlettersingoodtimeandwritetoexplainwhyifyoufailtodoitpromptly.Evenifyoudon’tthinktherecipientisright,youshouldstillrespondtactfullyandpolitely.Sometimesitisahelptouseyou-attitudeinsteadofI-attitude.

ⅡPolitenessPrinciple

Asweallknow,politenessphenomenapervadeinallhumansocieties,andallhumaninteractions.Sincedifferentsocietiesenjoydifferentcultures,anddifferentcultureshavedifferentnorms,values,pointsofview,habits,conventions,customs,etc.,differencesintheircriteriaforjudgmentsandtheirlinguisticmeansinrealizingpolitenessmayinevitablyexist.Agoodknowledgeofthosedifferencesandbehavingpolitelywilldomuchhelpinaccomplishingthecommunicatingbusinessgoalsbetweennations.

2.1WhytoStudyPolitenessStrategiesinEnglish&Chinese

Oneofoursocializationgoalsistolearnhowtobehavepolitely,linguisticallyorotherwise.Therefore,politenessandpolitenessstrategiesmayhaveadirectinfluenceonone’schoiceofverbalformsandsentencepatternsinachievinghis/herend.Moreover,politenesscanbetakenasasocialphenomenon,asocialconstraint,thestudyofwhichcaninevitablyrevealtheculturalcharacteristicsofacertainlanguage.Theabilitytoovercomeobstaclesincommunicativeinteractionsistermedaspolitenessstrategiccompetence,therequirementofwhichisenhancedwithChina’senteringWTO,asbusinessinteractionbetweenChinaandothercountriesisbecomingmorefrequentthaneverbefore.People,whomeettogetherforthepurpose