英语商务信函中的礼貌原则 毕业设计.docx

1、英语商务信函中的礼貌原则 毕业设计Politeness Principle and Its Presentation in Business LettersContentsAbstract i摘 要 iiIntroduction 11.1 The Importance and Function of Business Letters 11.2 Principles of Business Letters 2 Politeness Principle 32.1 Why to Study Politeness Strategies in English & Chinese 42.2 Politen

2、ess: Chinese & Western Models 52.3 Politeness Principles and Business Letters 6 Representation of Politeness in Business Letters 73.1 Politeness Positive Representation in Business Letters 73.1.1 Approbation 73.1.2 Sympathy 83.1.3 Agreement 83.1.4 Intimacy 93.2Politeness Negative Representation in B

3、usiness Letters 93.2.1 Euphemism 103.2.2 Respect 103.2.3 Apology 11 How to Apply Politeness Strategies in Business Letters 12 Conclusion 20References 21AbstractThrough a comprehensive and systematic analysis and comparison of English business letters, this paper argues that the Principle of Politene

4、ss in English business letters should be upheld. Also presented in this paper are several aspects of politeness in English business letters. With the development of economy, business letters have become an important way to communicate. By sending business letters to each other, we can exchange infor

5、mation, contact business, negotiate and solve the problems existing in trading, and also promote friendship. Because of its characteristics and functions in business letters, politeness should be paid more attention to. Business English letters are the major means of written communication between tw

6、o parties in the international trade. How to write business letters idiomatically is very important to business of the enterprise. A courtesy and decent business letter can help to build a favorable business image for the company and do business. However, a letter without courtesy can not only lead

7、to the failure of the business but also destroy the image which the companies have built up. Therefore, the courtesy of business letters is very important.Key words: Business Letters, Politeness Principle, Representation摘 要本文通过系统分析和大量实例的比较，论述商务英语信函应坚持的礼貌原则，归纳出当代商务信函中的礼貌表现。随着社会经济的迅猛发展，商务信函逐渐成为人们在经济领域

8、内的一种重要的交际手段，通过它人们可以交流信息、联系业务、商谈贸易、磋商、处理问题、传递友谊等。商业信函的特点和功能决定了商业信函中必须注重礼貌策略的表现。商务英语信函是国际贸易双方进行书面商务信息沟通的重要手段,其撰写的成功与否对企业的业务有着极其重要的影响。一封礼貌有加、措辞得体的商务信函可以帮助一个公司建构起良好的商业形象,进而做成一笔好生意；反之，一封礼貌欠佳、用语不当的信函则会给一个公司带来负面的评价，使之弄砸了生意不说，还有可能毁了公司苦心经营的形象。可见，礼貌在商务信函中的作用不容忽视。关键词: 商务信函, 礼貌原则, 表现IntroductionBusiness corresp

9、ondence is a basic activity involved in trade, and remains a very important form of communication even nowadays. They deliver their companies images to the public. Business letters are often arrangements or regarded as evidence of a contract. They are written for information exchanging and bridge ov

10、er the desires between buyers and sellers. The most effective letter should be easy to read and easy to understand. It must be friendly and courteous. We should bear in mind the point that business letters play an important role in the development of goodwill and friendly trade relationships.1.1 The

11、 Importance and Function of Business LettersBusiness refers to the buying and selling of both goods and services, including all those activities involved in providing the goods and services needed or desired by people. International business communication is a process by which an oral or written mes

12、sage is exchanged between individuals or organizations of different cultures through a common system of symbols, signs, or behavior, with a view to producing actual effects in business.Effective business communication is the lifeblood of every business organization. Any business organization cannot

13、function without business communication, since a business organization is a group of people organized for business, whose activities require those involved to interact and react to exchange information, ideas, plans, and proposals; to co-ordinate and to make decisions. The behavior of the members of

14、 an organization can have a far-reaching effect on the reputation and ultimate success of the company. Therefore, communicating effectively can contribute in a variety of ways to the development of the business organization because successful messages can eliminate unnecessary-disputes, save time an

15、d expense, create favorable impression, enhance goodwill, and help to increase the companys profit. However, all those require one to be quite familiar with the recipients culture to behave properly while doing business. Otherwise one would be considered impolite or rude, leading to unexpected failu

16、re in the process of doing business. Therefore, it is important not only for the Chinese to know about the foreign cultures, for example, the English-speaking countries, but also for those foreigners to know about Chinas.In a word, the impression created by a politely written business letter can be

17、a crucial factor in successful communicating with our business counterparts. It is concerned with the successful transfer of an idea from one to another, which is a vital factor in making our business communication run smoothly and effectively. Business communication may take many forms, such as let

18、ters, reports, telegrams, cables, telexes, resumes and printed forms that are used for special goals. Here, we will concentrate on the letters, because the purpose of the study is to facilitate international business communication. Moreover, letter is the main form used to exchange information betwe

19、en business organizations. Therefore, choosing letter can make the results of the study more representative and more helpful. In addition, it will be easy to collect data for the study.1.2 Principles of Business LettersConsiderationTry to put yourself in his or her place to give consideration to his

20、 or her wishes, demands, interests and difficulties. Find the best way to express your better understanding and present the message. That enables a request to be refused without killing all hope of business or allows a refusal to do favor to be made without harming friendship.CorrectnessCorrectness

21、means not only proper expressions with correct grammar, punctuation and spelling, but also appropriate tone which is a help to achieve the purpose. It is likely to convey the real message in a way that will not cause offence even if it is a complaint or an answer to such a letter. Business letters m

22、ust be factual information accurate figures and exact terms in particular, for they involve the right, the duties and the interest of both sides often as the base of all kinds of documents. Therefore we should not understate nor overstate as understatement might lead to less confidence and hold up t

23、he trade development. While over statement throws you into an awkward position.CompletenessAs you work hard for completeness, keep the following guidelines in mind: Why do you write the letter, what are the facts supporting the reasons, whether you have answered all the questions asked or not and wh

24、at the reader is expected to do.ConcretenessWhat the letter comes to should be specific, definite rather than vague, abstract and general. Take, for example, some qualities or characters of goods that should be shown with exact figures and avoid words like short, long or good. Give specific time (wi

25、th date, month, year and even offer hour, minute if necessary).But avoid expressions such as yesterday, next month, immediately and etc.ConcisenessConciseness means complete message but briefest expression with no sacrificing clarity or courtesy. A good business letter should be precise and to the p

26、oint. Single words are more efficient than phrases. Wordy languages and redundancy require more time and money to type and to read. They are not what modern business people want.ClarityKeep constantly in mind what you want to say in your letter. It is welcomed if you express yourself clearly and dir

27、ectly in the simplest language. Plain, simple words are more easily understood. A properly paragraphed message is required for the purpose of clarity. For instance, we use semimonthly instead of bimonthly for two times a month., because bimonthly may mean both two times a month and once every two mo

28、nth.CourtesyCourtesy means to show tactfully in your letters the honest friendship, thoughtful appreciation, sincere politeness, considerate understanding and heartfelt respect. Answer letters in good time and write to explain why if you fail to do it promptly. Even if you dont think the recipient i

29、s right, you should still respond tactfully and politely. Sometimes it is a help to use you-attitude instead of I-attitude. Politeness PrincipleAs we all know, politeness phenomena pervade in all human societies, and all human interactions. Since different societies enjoy different cultures, and dif

30、ferent cultures have different norms, values, points of view, habits, conventions, customs, etc., differences in their criteria for judgments and their linguistic means in realizing politeness may inevitably exist. A good knowledge of those differences and behaving politely will do much help in acco

31、mplishing the communicating business goals between nations.2.1 Why to Study Politeness Strategies in English & Chinese One of our socialization goals is to learn how to behave politely, linguistically or otherwise. Therefore, politeness and politeness strategies may have a direct influence on ones c

32、hoice of verbal forms and sentence patterns in achieving his/her end. Moreover, politeness can be taken as a social phenomenon, a social constraint, the study of which can inevitably reveal the cultural characteristics of a certain language. The ability to overcome obstacles in communicative interactions is termed as politeness strategic competence, the requirement of which is enhanced with Chinas entering WTO, as business interaction between China and other countries is becoming more frequent than ever before. People, who meet together for the purpose