英语语法练习及答案Englishgrammarexercises.docx
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英语语法练习及答案Englishgrammarexercises
主谓一致
英语中句子的主语要与其后的谓语保持一致，即“主谓一致”。
一般遵循三个原则：
语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
【练习导航】
I.用适当的be动词或助动词填空。
1.Everystudentgotabook.
2.Thenumberofstudentsintheschoolnowrising.
3.Anumberofboysplayingbasketballatthemoment.
4.Theresomethingelseinthedesk.
5.Tom,togetherwithhismother,gonetoNewYork.
6.Theteacherwithtwostudentsplayingsports.
7.Thispairoftrousersmadebymyauntlastyear.
8.Fivemonthsalongtimetowait.
9.Heresomebooks.
10.Tocleantheroomyourduty.
n.用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。
11.WhenIgotthere,theyeach（read）abook.
12.Neitherofus（like）thestorybook.
13.Everyoneexceptme（go）tothecinemayesterday.
14.Afootballteamoften（have）elevenplayers.
15.Noonebutmyparents（know）thetruth.
16.Jim'sfamily（enjoy）watchingTVaftersupper.
17.Whatyousaid（be）quiteusefultous.
18.Look!
Theclass（do）morningexerciseontheplayground.
19.Twentyyears（have）passedsincehelefthishometown.
20.Threeglassesofmilk（be）enoughforus.
川.单项选择
（）21.EitherTomorIgoingtheretomorrow.
A.areB.isC.amD.be
（）22.Jennyaswellasherfriendsswimming.
A.aregoingB.hasgoneC.weregoingD.havegone
（）23.Nooneswimminginsuchbadweather.
A.likeB.likesC.likingD.liked
（）24.—Whatthenumberofthestudentsinyourschool?
—Abouttwothousand.AnumberofthemfromtheUSA.
A.is;areB.is;isC.are;isD.are;are
（）25.IhearonethirdofthebooksinWuhuLibrarynew.Let'sborrowsome.
A.isB.areC.wasD.were
（）26.Goodnews!
Therefewerpeoplecatchingthiskindofillnessnow.
A.areB.isC.wasD.were
（）27.Thenewsveryinteresting!
Tellmemore!
A.isB.areC.wereD.was
（）28.—Idon'tthinkit'sgoodtodriveeighthourswithoutarest.
—Iagree.Eighthoursreallyaverylongtime.
A.hasB.isC.areD.am
（）29.EitherTomorshegoingtothepartynextweek.Oneofthemmuststayathome.
A.areB.wasC.isD.be
（）30.ThisismytwinsisterLucy.BothsheandIgoodatdrawing.
A.amB.isC.areD.be
（）31.NowthestudentseachanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.
A.hasB.haveC.ishavingD.arehaving
（）32.OneofmyfriendsalreadymovedtoLondon.
A.doB.doesC.haveD.has
（）33.IthinkphysicsmoredifficultthanChinese.
A.isB.areC.haveD.has
（）34.NotonlyJimbutalsohissisterafewcitiessincetheycametoChina.
A.willvisitB.hasvisitedC.havevisitedD.visited
（）35.NeitherJimnorhiscousinstoFrance,butofthemknowthecountryverywell.
A.havebeen;allB.havebeen;both
C.hasbeen;allD.hasbeen;both
【指点迷津】
“主谓一致”最基本的原则是：
单数主语用单数谓语动词；复数主语用复数谓语动词。
但在实际运用中情况比较复杂，现将同学们常犯的错误归纳如下：
♦each作主语的同位语时，谓语动词由主语决定。
♦halfof,therestof,mostof,allof及"百分数或分数+of”等后接名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后的名词。
♦all作主语，常表示可数的人或物。
作“所有的人或物”讲时，谓语动词用复数；作“一切”讲时，谓语动词用单数。
♦主语后有with,togetherwith,like,except,but,aswellas等引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致。
♦people,police等集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数。
family,class,group,team等集体名词作主语，若强
调一个整体，谓语动词用单数；若强调具体成员，谓语动词用复数。
♦表示度量、价格、时间、长度等的复数名词或词组作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
♦由Here/There开头的句子，其主语不止一个时，谓语动词通常与邻近的主语保持一致。
♦“anumberof+复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数；“thenumberof+复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。
直接引语和间接引语
【练习导航】
将下列直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词。
1.“Iamdoingmyhomework,”shesaid.
Shesaidthatdoinghomework.
2.“Ihaven'tbeentherebefore,”Susansaidtome.
Susanmethatshetherebefore.
3.“Lucywenttotheparkwithherfriends,”Lilysaid.
LilysaidthatLucytotheparkwithherfriends.
4.Mygeographyteachersaid,“Thesunisbiggerthantheearth.”
Mygeographyteachersaidthatthesunbiggerthantheearth.
5.“Icleanedtheroomyesterday,”Tomsaid.
Tomtoldmethathecleanedtheroom.
6.“Youcancomeherebeforefive,”hesaid.
HesaidthatIbeforefive.
7.“Tomrepairedhisctawroweeksago,”shesaid.
ShesaidthatTomrepairedhiscartwoweeks.
8.
heasked.
“Didyoufinishtheworklastweek?
HeIhadfinishedtheworktheweek.
9.Shesaid,“Youcansithere,Jim.”
SheJimthathesitthere.
10.Heasked,“Whenwillyoubeback,Susan?
”
HeaskedSusanbeback.
11.Sheaskedme,“Youwenttherethatday,didn'tyou?
”
Sheaskedmetherethatday.
12.“Didyoduoyourhomeworklastnight,Jack?
”Sheasked.
SheaskedJackhishomeworkthenight.
13.Theoldmansaidtome,“Leavethewindowopen.”
Theoldmanmeleavethewindowopen.
14.“Doyouwatnothaveacupoftea?
”Tomaskedme.
Tommetohaveacupoftea.
15.“Don'tplayfootballinthestreet,Mike,”shesaid.
SheMikefootballinthestreet.
【指点迷津】
直接引语变为间接引语时，需要注意以下变化：
♦人称的变化
直接引语变为间接引语时，间接引语的主语的人称要遵循“一随主、二随宾、第三人称不更新”的原则。
如下表：
直接引语的主语变为间接引语后
第一人称与主句的主语一致
第二人称与主句的宾语一致
第三人称不变
♦时态的变化
直接引语变为间接引语时，间接引语的时态应进行如下变化：
直接引语间接引语
一般现在时
一般过去时
一般过去时
过去完成时
现在进行时
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