英语写作lesson2looseperiodicbalancedsentences.docx

英语写作lesson2looseperiodicbalancedsentences.docx

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英语写作lesson2looseperiodicbalancedsentences

Lesson2

Loose,Periodic，

andBalanceSentences

Fromarhetoricalpointofview,sentencesareloose,periodic,orbalanced.

•Aloosesentence:

松散句putsthemainideabeforeallsupplementaryinformation;

•firstthingsfirst

•Aperiodicsentence:

掉尾句,尾重句，圆周句themainideaisexpressedatorneartheendofit;

•itisnotgrammaticallycompleteuntiltheendisreached.

a.ShedecidedtostudyEnglishthoughshewasinterestedinmusic.

b.Althoughshewasinterestedinmusic,shefinallydecidedtostudyEnglish.

•Loosesentence:

asentencethatmaybebroughttoagrammaticalclosebeforetheendisreached.

•特点：

结构松散，它的组成部分可以比较自由地拆散，在句中的某些地方，可以随时停顿，而且语法上具有一定的完整性。

•Hewillgoabroadifhehasenoughmoney.

•ShedecidedtostudyEnglishthoughshewasinterestedinmusic.

•Periodicsentence:

asentencethatisnotgrammaticallycompleteuntiltheendisreached.

•特点：

结构紧凑,句末所讲的一般是最重要的，语义和语法结构要到最后才完整清楚。

•Ifhehasenoughmoney,hewillgoabroad.

•Thoughshewasinterestedinmusic,shefinallydecidedtostudyEnglish.

•JustbeforeIwentawaytocollege,myfathertookmeaside,asIhadexpected,andsaid,asIhadnotexpected,“now,son,ifastrangewomancomesuptoyouonastreetcornerandofferstotakeyourwatcharoundthecornerandhaveitengraved,don’tdoit.”

•这个长句是尾重句，一直要读到最后才能明白全句的意思，而其父亲对儿子的话也是一个尾重句，只有听他讲到，“don’tdoit”才能明白他要说什么。

•尾重句能够始终抓住读者的注意力，句子不完，就不能得到一个完整的思想。

随着句子的一步步展开，一层层深入，在句末形成一个高潮，有力的表达了关键的意思，给人留下深刻的印象。

•Itisatruthuniversallyacknowledged,thatasinglemaninpossessionofagoodfortunemustbeinwantofawife.

•——JaneAusten

•ThisisthesentencewithwhichJaneAustenbeginsherPrideandPrejudice.It’saperiodicsentencebecausethelastwordbeingthemostimportant,andbecausemanywordsarepiledupbeforethekeyword.

Themethodsofmakingloosesentencesandperiodicsentences

•orpost-posingtheadverbialclause

•

（1）Loose（postposition）:

Theworldwon’tendevenifwefailagainandagain.

•Periodic（preposition）:

Evenifwefailagainandagain,theworldwon’tend.

•

（2）Loose（post-position）:

BillhadcleanedtheroombeforeTomreturned.

•Periodic（pre-position）:

BeforeTomreturned,Billhadcleanedtheroom.

•orpost-posingtheadverbialphrase

•

（1）Loose（pos-tposition）:

Billstartedtowritehiscompositionearlyinthemorning.

•Periodic（pre-position）:

Earlyinthemorning,Billstartedtowritehiscomposition.

•

（2）Loose（post-position）:

Wefeelmuchhonoredtohaveyoucometovisitourcountry.

•Periodic（pre-position）:

Tohaveyoucometovisitourcountry,wefeelmuchhonored.

•3.Preposingorpostposingtheparticiplephrase

•

（1）Loose（postposition）:

Shecameupshoulderingaspade.

•Periodic（preposition）:

Shoulderingaspade,shecameup.

•

（2）Loose（postposition）:

Hecameback,utterlyexhausted.

•Periodic（preposition）:

Utterlyexhausted,hecameback.

•4.Preposingorpostposingtheprepositionalphrase

•

（1）Loose（postposition）:

Tomwascuttingapieceofmetalwithgreatcare.

•Periodic（preposition）:

Withgreatcare,Tomwascuttingapieceofmetal.

•

（2）Loose（postposition）:

Thiswasdonewithoutmyknowledgeandwithoutmyconsent.

•Periodic（preposition）:

Withoutmyknowledgeandwithoutmyconsent,thiswasdone.

•5.Preposingorpostposingtheapposition

•

（1）Loose（postposition）:

TombecamefondofBill,acheerful,hard-workingapprentice.

•Periodic（preposition）:

Acheerful,hard-workingapprentice,TombecamefondofBill.

•

（2）Loose（postposition）:

Hereadallkindsofbooks,ancientandmodern,Chineseandforeign.

•Periodic（preposition）:

Ancientandmodern,Chineseandforeign,hereadallkindsofbooks.

•6.Preposingorpostposingtheadjectiveoradjectivephrase

•

（1）Loose（postposition）:

Shetookdownwhathesaid,conscientiousandeager.

•Periodic（preposition）:

Conscientiousandeager,shetookdownwhathesaid.

•

（2）Loose（postposition）:

Billwascleaningthelathefullofenergy.

•Periodic（preposition）:

Fullofenergy,Billwascleaningthelathe.

Loose:

easier,simpler,morenatural

anddirect.Smoothflowing

andconversational

narationanddescription

periodic:

morecomplex,emphatic,

formal,orliterary.

Thedifferenceliesintheorderofthemainstructureandthesubordinatingstructure

Therhetoricfunctionofloosesentenceandperiodicsentence

1.loosesentence

•

（1）loosesentencegivesprominencetoemphasesandcomesstraighttothepoint,itfitswritinginaflatwaymost.

•ShewasofferedaprofessionalcontractafterwinningtheOlympicgoldmedalforfigureskating,accordingtothenewspaperreports.

periodicsentencecausesanticipationandsuspenseinreadersbecausetheimportantinformationreadersareeagertoknowispost-posedattheendofthesentence.

•ThoughJimThorpehadbroughtgreatglorytohis