江苏专用高考英语二轮增分策略 专题三 阅读理解 第二节 分类突破 9 词句猜测代词指代题优选习题.docx

江苏专用高考英语二轮增分策略 专题三 阅读理解 第二节 分类突破 9 词句猜测代词指代题优选习题.docx

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江苏专用高考英语二轮增分策略专题三阅读理解第二节分类突破9词句猜测代词指代题优选习题

九、词句猜测——代词指代题

（2018·常州期末）

GPStechnologyisoneofthelatestandgreatestdevelopmentswithinthecommunicationsworld.Alsoknownasa“globalpositioningsystem”，thistechnologyworksoffofradiosignalssentoutbysatellitesinspace.Sinceacellphonealreadyworkslikeatwo-wayradiowhencommunicatingwithcelltowers，theGPScapabilitysimplyextendstheradiosignalreachtospacesatellites.Phonesequippedwithfull-featuredcapabilitiesworkoffofJava-basedradiosignalsandhavedatabaseaccesstotheirproviders’systemforotherdatalikemappingandvoices.Locationtracking，andgivingdirectionstoandfromdestinationsaresomeofthemorecommonusesforthistechnology.

GPSnavigationalsystemsaresupportedbyanetworkof27satellites.ThesesatellitesorbittheEarthincyclicpatterns24hoursaday.Atanygiventime，aminimumoffoursatellitessignalsisaccessibletoanyonepointonEarth.Wheneverareceiverdeviceisactivated，radiowaveswithcodedmessagesaresentouttoit.Thisishowsatellitesknowtostarttrackingthedevice.Areceiver’sexactlocationisdeterminedthroughaprocesscalledtrilateration（三边测量法）wherethreesatellitesworktogethertonarrowdownpossiblelocationpoints.Afourthsatelliteisneededifthereceiverisn’tonthegroundandaltitudeiswantedaswell.Distancecalculationsaremadebasedonhowlongittakestheradiosignalstotravelbackandforthbetweenreceiverandsatellites.Themappingcapabilitiesaredisplayedonthephone’sscreenviathecellprovider’sdatabase.

AsaGPSdeviceneedstodoallkindsofcalculationsondifferentdatafromsatellitesandprovider’sdatabase，itconsumestime.SoitcantakequiteafewsecondsforaregularGPStoworkoutaplan.AnassistedGPScanhelpsolvetheproblem.Itisanimprovedtechnologythatusesacellnetwork’sAssistanceServerwhichisconnectedtoareferencenetworksuchastheInternet.Throughtheuseofcelltowers，aphonerelayssatellitesignalinformationtotheservers.TheseserversareabletoprocessincomingdataatmuchhigherratesthanGPSreceivers，soinformationisprocessedquicker，andistypicallymoreaccurate.

1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“their”referto?

A．Satellites’.B．Phones’．

C．Signals’.D．Capabilities’．

答案　B

解析　代词指代题。

这个句子涉及到长难句的分析，equippedwith...作为定语修饰phones，and连接两个并列的谓语，一个是workoff，一个是have，所以and后面的句子其实是phoneshavedatabaseaccesstotheirproviders’system...，即their指代“手机的”。

2．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtotheinformationinthetext?

A．PhoneGPSisanewtechnologyunrelatedtoacellphone’soriginalfunctions.

B．AmobilephoneworksasasignalreceiverandprocessorinphoneGPSsystem.

C．Eachmobilephoneisassignedfourfixedsatellitesfortheircodedmessages.

D．Mappingcapabilitiesanddistancecalculationsareaffectedbythespeedofradiosignals.

答案　B

解析　推理判断题。

根据最后一段最后两句可知，手机在GPS系统中的作用为信号的接收者和加工者。

故选B。

3．WhatdoweknowabouttheAssistanceServerintheAssistedGPS?

A．ItcanspeedupcalculatingprocessofaregularGPSreceiver.

B．ItispartofthecellnetworkdirectlyconnectedtotheInternetandthephone.

C．Ithasabetterfunctioningperformanceinprocessingreceivedradiosignals.

D．IthelpstheAssistedGPStoreceivedifferentdatamoreaccuratelyinbadconditions.

答案　C

解析　推理判断题。

根据最后一段前三句可知，GPS设备需要对来自卫星和供应商数据库的数据进行各种计算，它需要耗费时间，而辅助服务器帮助解决了这个问题，因此可以说它在处理接收到的信号这一功能上表现更好。

一、题型解读

代词指代题常出现在人物或事物变换多，动作转换频繁的语境中，考生应根据语境判断人称代词、不定代词和指示代词。

有时也会考查定语从句中关系代词的指代内容。

设问形式常有：

1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this/it/them/which...”referto?

2．Theunderlinedpart“it/that/they/which...”inParagraph...refersto.

二、解题技巧——“就近原则”判指代

第一步：

明确代词所指代内容的位置

代词永远出现在原词之后，故代词所指代的内容在这一句的前面一句中，或者前几句中。

第二步：

熟悉代词的含义

1．it/this/that可指代一件事。

2．it/he/them/they/one/those指上文提到的人或物。

3．which/that/who等关系代词指代其所修饰的先行词，非限制性定语从句中which可指代前面整句话的内容。

第三步：

替换核实再比较

1．用所找的指代内容替换画线代词，核实句意是否合理，前后内容是否一致。

2．比较所指代部分与选项，确定意思最接近的选项。

例如：

【感悟体会】中1题，画线单词所在的句子为“Phonesequippedwithfull-featuredcapabilitiesworkoffofJava-basedradiosignalsandhavedatabaseaccesstotheirproviders’．..”可知整个句子的主语是Phones，故their就相当于Phones’。

A

（2018·河南新乡二模）

Throughoutthepastfewyears，Ihavetriedtogivemyselftoothers.IhavebouncedaroundtofindwhereItrulyfitin.IfoundmyplacewhileIstayedinGuatemala，anorphanage（孤儿院），withthechildrenlivingthere.Throughhearingmanystoriesoftheirlives，Iwasmovedtotearsandstartedtoquestionmylivingwaysandgaveupeverythingthatwasn’tessential：

7makeupandanyothersortofluxury（奢侈品）．Ilivedliketheydid.Itwasthemostrelaxingfeelingintheworld.

WhenatNuestrosPequenosHermanos，weweregiventhetaskofcreatingapig8pen.Atfirst，Ithoughtitshouldbeeasy.Afterarrivingattheareawherethepigpenshouldbe，wesawahill.Weweretoldto1uproottheweedsaswellasleveltheentirearea.Lookingatit，wefeltitwouldbeimpossible.Onmyownfaithjourney，Ihavefeltthistypeofdoubtbefore.The“hole”，aswereferredto，isasymbolofmyfaithjourney.Itappearedtobean2obstacleIcouldnotovercome，butintheendIcompleteditwithefforts.Ifeelthispigpenwasn’teasytocreatebutwassorewardingtogive.

I’vealwaysstruggledtobeonajourneyoffaith，butI’venevercompletelysteppedfootontothepathuntilGuatemala.I’vealwaystriedtoopenmyhearttoeveryonearoundmeandgivethemmylove.IfeelasthoughIcutopenmyheartandshareeverybitofloveIhadwiththeseorphans.ThereisoneorphannamedCetowhowillalwaysremainveryclosetomyheart.InGuatemala，Isponsorwiththirtydollarsamonth，butitdoesn’tseemenough.I’llreturntherenextsummerandgivemoreofmyloveforawholemonth.

Whenitwastimetoleave，Ilookedoutofthewindowandsawnotjustordinarychildren.Overall，themostsignificantaccomplishmentImadeinGuatemalawassteppingtowardsmyownfaithjourneyandnotlookingback.

语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。

文章主要讲述了作者在危地马拉期间，改变了自己的生活，从而改变了自己的人生。

1．Whatresultedintheauthor’sdecisiontoliveanewlife?

A．Desiretohelpothers.

B．Decreaseinhisincome.

C．Aknowledgeoftheorphans’life.

D．Awarenessofthedifficultyinhislife.

答案　C

解析　细节理解题。

根据第一段中的“IfoundmyplacewhileIstayedinGuatemala，anorphanage（孤儿院），withthechildrenlivingthere.Throughhearingmanystoriesoftheirlives，Iwasmovedtotearsandstartedtoquestionmylivingwaysandgaveupeverythingthatwasn’tessential”可知，作者了解到孤儿的生活之后，决定改变自己的生活。

故选C。

2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2referto?

A．Removingthedoubt.

B．Uprootingtheweed.

C．Startingthefaithjourney.

D．Creatingthepigpen.

答案　D

解析　代词指代题。

根据画线词后面的“Ifeelthispigpenwasn’teasytocreatebutwassorewardingtogive.”可以猜测出，it代指建造猪圈这件事。

故选D。

3．WhatdidtheauthorthinkofhisexperienceinGuatemala?

A．Itwasregretful.

B．Itwasmeaningful.

C．Itwasinteresting.

D．Itwasfrightening.

答案　B

解析　推理判断题。

根据最后一段中的“Overall，themostsignificantaccomplishmentImadeinGuatemalawassteppingtowardsmyownfaithjourneyandnotlookingback.”可以推断出，作者认为在危地马拉的经历是有意义的。

故选B。

4．Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?

A．AStepintoaNewWorld

B．AnAwfulFaithJourney

C．AGreatSuccessinLife

D．AReturnofConfidence

答案　A

解析　标题归纳题。

根据最后一段中的“Overall，themostsignificantaccomplishmentImadeinGuatemalawassteppingtowardsmyownfaithjourneyandnotlookingback.”可以推断出，在危地马拉期间，作者改变了自己的生活，从而改变了人生。

故用AStepintoaNewWorld作为本文的标题最佳。

故选A。

B

（2018·内蒙古包头一模）

Vinegarisgreat.Itmakessalad，friesanddumplingstastebetter，andyoucanevencleanyourwindowswithit.Andnow，accordingtoscientists，itmayevenhelptheplanet’spopulationsurviveclimatechange.ResearchersfromtheRIKENCenterforSustainableResourceScience（CSRS）inJapanprovedthat.Theyfoundgrowingplantsinvinegarmakesthemmoreresistanttodroughts.Thiscouldmeanthatinthefuture，worriesaboutclimatechangeaffectingtheworld’ssupplyoffoodwillbemuchlower.

ThediscoverywasmadeaftertheresearchersstudiedtheArabidopsis，aplantknownforitsabilitytosurviveindryweather.Itwasfoundthatwhentheplantwasplacedindrought-likeconditions，itproducedachemicalcalledacetate（醋酸盐）—themain3componentofvinegar.

Afterdiscoveringthis，thescientistsexperimentedfurtherbyaddingacetatetothesoilofotherplantsbeforetheystoppedgivingthemwatercompletely.Afterleavingtheplantsfor14days，theyfoundthattheonestreatedwithacetatehadsurvived，whiletheuntreatedplantshaddriedupanddied.

It’shopedthatthissimplemethodofsurvivalcouldsoonbeusedtohelpfarmersindrycountrieskeeptheircropsalive.“Intheexperiment，wetargetedthe4staplefoodsoftheworld—rice，wheatandmaize...andprovedsuccessful，”JongMyongKim，co-authorofthestudy，toldPopularSciencemagazine.

Kimhasalreadybeenintouchwithpeoplearoundtheworldwhoareinterestedintryingthissimpleandcost-effectivemethodoutforthemselvesfromfarmerstocompaniesand5amateurgardeners.“Nowwearetryingtocooperatewiththemtomakeamethodtoapplythissystem，andmaketheprocessassimpleaspossible，”hesaid.Hopefullythismeanstheendofhungercausedbybadweatherinthefuture.

语篇解读　本文是一篇科普类文章。

文章主要介绍了日本科学家们近期发现了一个有意思的现象：

给植物加点“醋”，植物就能变得更耐旱……

5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inParagraph1referto?

A．Vinegarmayhelpcreaturessurvivebadweather.

B．VinegarisfoundinplantsbyJapanesescientists.

C．Vinegarisveryusefulforcookingagoodmeal.

D．Vinegarismainlyusedbypeopletocleanhouses.

答案　A

解析　代词指代题。

根据画线词前一句“Andnow，accordingtoscientists，itmayevenhelptheplanet’spopulationsurviveclimatechange.”可以判断出that指代的是醋可以帮助生物更好地适应气候的变化。

故选A。

6．ScientistsinJapanfindfromtheirstudiesthat.

A．theArabidopsiscouldsurviveindryweatherbecauseoft