CET4写作指导D.docx

CET4写作指导D.docx

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CET4写作指导D

CET4写作指导

目录

CET4写作指导1

一、四六级写作技法和策略2

1．对应法2

2．调整法2

二、首段和尾段的写作3

1．首段的写作3

1）谚语法3

2）定义法3

3）提问法3

4）概括法4

5）故事法4

6）引语法4

7）调查法4

8）假设法4

9）综合法4

2．结论段的写作6

1）重述或总结主题6

2）提出建议6

3）概括总结6

4）引用名人名言6

5）综合法6

3．转承语的使用7

4起承转合常用语7

三、四六级作文的谋篇布局8

谋篇布局

（1）8

谋篇布局

（2）9

谋篇布局（3）9

谋篇布局（4）10

谋篇布局（5）10

四、参考范文11

1.WhyCollegeStudentsTakeaPart-timeJob11

2.TheJobIlikeBest12

3.HowtoSolvetheEnergyProblem12

4.TheInternet12

5.AdvantagesandDisadvantagesofHomeComputers13

6.ShouldEuthanasiaBeLegalized13

一、四六级写作技法和策略

1．对应法

由于四六级写作都是提纲式写作，有时可以采用对应法按照中文提纲分别写成三段。

如：

96年6月份考题：

提纲：

1）有人认为淡水是取之不尽的。

（雨水、河水、井水……）

2）实际上淡水是非常紧缺的。

（人口增加、工业用水增加）

3）我们应该怎么办？

GlobalShortageofFreshWater

（提出观点）Generally,peoplethinkthatfreshwaterisinexhaustible.（阐述原因）Everyyearthereisenoughrain.Andthereisplentyoffreshwaterintheriversandlakes.What'smore,wehavealotofundergroundwater.

（提出观点）Actually,freshwaterisinashortsupply.（阐述原因）Duetotherapidpopulationincrease,freshwaterconsumptionremainsgreat.Besides,withthedevelopmentofindustry,morewaterisneeded.Moreover,alotofourriversandlakeshavebeensopollutedthatwaterfromthemisundrinkable.

（解决问题）Wemusttakesomemeasurestosolvetheproblemofwatershortage.First,populationgrowthshouldbesloweddowntoreducefreshwaterdemand.Second,pollutionshouldbecontrolledtopurifyfreshwaterintheriversandlakes.Whatismostimportant,weshouldcherisheverydropofwaterinourdailylife.

再如：

95年1月份试题：

提纲：

1）有人认为钱是幸福之本（sourceofhappiness）

2）有人认为金钱是万恶之源（rootofevil）

3）我的看法。

Somethinkthatmoneyisthesourceofhappiness.Oncetheyhavemoney,theywillenjoyeverything.Theycanusethemoneytheyhavetobuy,abeautifulhouseorevenawife.

Someothersthinkthatmoneyistherootofallevil.Duetothegreedformoney,peoplewilldovariouskindsofevilthings,suchasstealing,robbingorevenmurder.Moneycaneasilychangeakind,honestmanintoacruel,cunningwoe.

Inmyopinion,bothoftheabove-mentionedviewpointsgotoanextreme.Moneyitselfisneithergoodnorevil.Italldependsonhowwelookatit.

Wecannotdenytheimportanceofmoneyinthemodernsociety.Meanwhile,weshouldnotignorethefactthatsomethingcannotbeboughtbymoney,suchasfriendship,trueloveandsoon.

这两例都是采用了对应写作方式，将提示中的三句分别扩展成三段，三段之间相互衔接，构成一个完整的篇章。

2．调整法

尽管是提纲式写作，提纲所提示的只是文章所要包括的主要内容，却不是文章的结构模式，一般情况下，应根据英语文章的类型，重新安排文章。

如上面有关'钱'的一个写作，按照英语的表达习惯，最好是加上一个引子。

Whatismoney?

Tothisquestion,differentpeopleholddifferently.Somethinkmoneyisthesourceofhappiness,whilesomeregarditastherootofallevils.AsfarasIamconcerned,theybothhavetheirreasons.Thosewhoconsidermoneyasthesourceofhappinessarguethatmoneymeansmassivehouse,beautifulclothes,orluxuriouscars,andcanenablethemandtheirfamilieslivecomfortably.Theyevenbelievethatmoneycanbringpower,friendship,andlove.Butduetothetemptationofmoney,therearemanypeoplewhobecomethieves,robbers,ormurderers.Itisalsooutofthegreedformoneythatsomeofficialsforgettheirdutyandcauseenormouslossestothecountry,sosomepeoplethinkthatmoneyistherootofallevilandsuggestthatwekeepawayfrommoney.

Infact,moneyismerelyamediumofexchange.Itmaybringyouhappiness;itmayleadyoutoalifeofcrime.Whetheritisgoodorbaddependsonhowitisused.

二、首段和尾段的写作

上一讲中我们介绍了段落的扩展模式，也就是说，我们已经了解了文章中间一部分的叙述模式。

根据四六级写作的特点，一般首段和尾段都要自己补上，那么怎么才能写好首尾段呢，下面我介绍一下，首尾段的写作方式。

1．首段的写作

首段的写作方式一般为：

1）运用事实性信息、调查或故事等引出话题，2）导入主题，然后提出自己的观点，就是文章的论点

首段开篇的方式常见的有：

1）谚语法

由于谚语一般已经被大家所接受，用谚语提出自己的观点也容易被读者所接受。

Asthesayinggoes,'Moneymakesthemarego',buttherearemanythingswecan'tbuywithmoney,suchastimeandtruelove.…

2）定义法

定义法是通过对文章中的关键词做一些简单或正面或反面的解释，限定其范围，这样比较有利于引出主题。

'Practicemakesperfect'isanoldsaying.Ittellsusthatitdoesnotmatterifweareclumsyatdoingsomething.Aslongaswekeepontryingandpracticing,wewilldoagoodjobintheend.

3）提问法

通过提问一个或一连串的问题，可以激发读者的兴趣，从而引出主题。

a.Doyouhavemanyfriends?

Aretheysimilartoyouordifferentfromyou?

Whichkindoffriendsdoyouprefer?

b.Whatisagoodstudent?

Differentpeoplemayhavedifferentanswerstothisquestion.

4）概括法

概括法指先总结文章内容所涉及的现状，然后引出主题。

Inrecentyears,withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,theInternethascomeintomoreandmorehomesandisplayingamoreandmoreimportantroleinourworkanddailylife.Ithasbecomeamusttous,butatthesametime,Internethasalsobroughtwithitalotofproblems.

5）故事法

故事法指用简单有趣的故事激发读者的兴趣，从而提出自己的观点。

如下面'IsStressaBadThing?

'

6）引语法

'Justaseatingwithoutlikingharmsthehealth,learningwithoutinterestharmsthememoryandcan'tberetained.'FromVinci'swordswecanseehowimportantitistomotivatethestudentsinlanguagelearning.

7）调查法

为了得到读者的认可，文章的开始可以引出调查数据等，借以提出主题，如下面'IsStressaBadThing?

'的1）和'CanSchoolchildrenStartUsingtheInternet?

'的4）。

8）假设法

假设法是指通过假设提出一种选择，交代文章要涉及的问题，从而提出文章的主题。

Supposeyouwereofferedtwojobs,oneishighly-paidbutratherdemanding,theotherislessdemanding,butpoorly-paid,whichwouldyouprefer?

…

9）综合法

具体写作时，没有必要拘泥于一种方式，可以将上述方法综合起来。

首段示例1：

题目：

IsStressaBadThing?

提纲：

1）有人害怕压力

2）有人认为压力并不是一件坏事

3）我的看法

'Ican'tstandthepressureandcompetition,'explainedonefriendofminewhenaskedwhyhedecidedtoquithishighly-paidbutdemandingpositioninhiscompanyrecently.Myfriendmayhavehisownreasons,butIdon'tthinkhisdecisioniswiseinreality.

Itistruethatmyfriend'scaseisnotunique.Inthelastfewyearsquiteanumberofmenandwomenhavechosentodosomethinglesscompetitiveatthecostofacomfortable,easylifeahighly-paidjobcanobtain.Theyareafraidthatthestressesandstrainsofworkwillrobthemofjoyandhappinessanddothemharmbothphysicallyandmentally.Infact,however,stressisn'tthebadthingitisoftensupposedtobe.Unlessitgetsoutofcontrol,acertainamountofstressisvitaltoprovidemotivationandchallenge,andtogivepurposeandsignificancetoanotherwisemeaningless,idlelife.Peopleunderstresstendtoexpresstheirfullrangeofpotentialandtoactualizetheirownpersonalworth-theveryaimofahumanlife.

Stressisanaturalpartofeverydaylifeandthereisnowaytoavoidit.Whatwecandoistodevelopouradaptiveabilitiestodealwithitratherthantoescapefromit.

就这一标题而言，根据所提示的提纲，首段的写作还可以采用下列方式：

1）Accordingtoarecentsurvey,inthelastfewyears,quiteanumberofyoungpeoplehavechosentoquittheirdemandingbuthighly-paidjobs.

Althoughtheymayhavetheirownrespectivereasons,Idon'tthinktheirdecisioniswiseinreality.

2）Whichjobdoyouprefer,ahighly-paidbutverycompetitivepositionorapoorly-paidbutalsolessdemandingjob?

Youmaychoosethelatterandhaveyourownreasons,butIdon'tthinkthischoiceiswiseenoughwhateverreasons.

3）Facedwithahardanddemandingtask,people'sattitudevarieswidely:

sometrytoavoiditandothersregarditasachallengetotheirabilities.

Infactthechoicewemakebetween'flight'or'fightmakethedifferencebetweenleadersandmediocrities（平庸之辈）.

首段示例2：

标题：

CanSchoolchildrenStartUsingtheInternet?

提纲：

1）随着科技的发展，网络越来越普及；

2）网络有其优点但也有缺点；

3）我的观点

根据上面的提示，首段可有下列几种方式：

1）Nowadays,usingtheInternethasbecomeafashion.ManyparentsbegintoteachtheirchildrentousetheInternet.However,therearediverseopinionsonthis.Somethinkitwise,butIdon'tagreewiththem.

2）Today,theInternetisbecomingmoreandmorecommon.Itbeginstoplayamoreandmoreimportantroleinoursocietyandlife.It'ssousefulthatmostadultsarelearninghowtouseit.Whataboutchildren?

Ofcoursetheycanstartusingit.

3）Today,withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,theInternetisbeginningtoplayamoreandmoreimportantroleinourlife.MoreandmorepeoplearestartingtousetheInternet,includingschoolchildren.However,IthinkschoolchildrenaretooyoungtostartusingtheInternet.

4）Accordingtoarecentsurvey,Internetusersarebecomingyoungerandyounger,andInternetbarshavebecomearesortforschoolchildrenwhologintochatorplaygames.Facedwiththisphenomenon,manypeopleargueformeasurestopreventschoolchildrenfromusingtheInternet,andIthinktheyhavetheirreasons.

2．结论段的写作

结论一般采用归纳概括、主题重述或提建议等方式。

常见的方式有：

1）重述或总结主题

重述主题指于结论处以另外一种表达方式重申主题，与首段照应。

Familiesofferuswarmthandcare.Friendsgiveusstrengthandhorizon.Theybothhelpusunderstandtheworldasitis.Bothofthemarethedearestpartsinourlife.

2）提出建议

Sincepostcardsdousmoreharmandgood,sincewehavemanyotherwaystoconveyourfeelingsandpromoteourfriendship,Ihopeeveryonewilltakeactionsnowtostopusingpostcards.

3）概括总结

Aswecanseefromtheabove,livinginthesuburbwecanstayawayfrompollution,leadaneasyleisuretime,andneedn'tinvesttoomuchmoney,soIpreferlivinginthesuburbtolivinginthecity.

4）引用名人名言

Inparticular,IenjoywhatFrancisBaconsaid'Studiesservefordelight,forornamentandforability.'

5）综合法

与首段一样，结论段也可以是多种方法的综合。

一般说来，总结加建议的比较多。

尾段示例1：

如'网络'的结论段可以如下所示：

10）Asweallknow,thenextcenturywillbecomeoneoftheInternet.

Internetwillbecomemoreandmoreimportantinbothourdailylifeandourwork.SoIsuggestthatschoolchildrenshouldstartusingtheInternet.

11）SoIthinkschoolchildrennotonlycanstartusingtheInternet,butalsoshouldstartusingitTheyaresuretobenefitalotfromtheinternet.

12）Internetcanhelpourchildrenknowtheworld,getusefulinformationandenrichtheirknowledge.SoIthinkschoolchildrencanstartu