备战高考英语临考题号押题卷4160题 完形填空议论文说明文原卷版全国卷1.docx

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备战高考英语临考题号押题卷4160题完形填空议论文说明文原卷版全国卷1

押全国卷第41—60题

完形填空（说明文、议论文）

题型三　说明文或议论文

说明文或议论文在完形填空中所占比例不大，只有2014年全国卷Ⅰ考查了议论文。

说明文通常为了说明某一事物或者活动，要明确说明对象、理清段落逻辑、分析句子结构；议论文通常对某种观点发表意见或看法，包括论点、论据、论证三个部分。

试题演练

　　语篇出处：

原创　语篇类型：

说明文　主题语境：

大脑记忆

　Whetheryou'reeightyearsoldor80,everyonehascertainbasictypesofmemory.Thereisshortterm,longterm,andevenskillandfactbased__1__ofrecollection,justforstarters.Butthinkaboutit—canyou__2__exactlywhereyouwereandwhatyouweredoingonMarch14th,2007?

Mostpeoplehaveno__3__.IfyouhaveHighlySuperiorAutobiographicalMemory（HSAM）,however,you're__4__torememberpracticallyeverythingaboutthatday.

Soundscrazy,right?

Butthe__5__issolid.Studiesshowthatwhilemostpeoplewillforgetacertaineventafterjustoneweek,HSAMparticipantscan__6__itforoveradecade.Onlyaround60peopleintheworldhavebeendiagnosedwithHSAMsofar,Curiosityreports.Pasternak,now23,is__7__theyoungestpersonwithHSAM.Giveheranydatebetween2005andpresentday,andshewilltellyouwhat__8__oftheweekitwasandeverythingshedidthatdayinextraordinary__9__.

__10__thesehabitsofpeoplewithanimpressivememory,andyoucould__11__yourownretention（保留，保持）.__12__，researchersstilldon'tunderstandexactlywhatgivescertainpeoplethisamazing__13__.PeoplewhohaveHSAMhavedifferent__14__ofrecallingdates.PasternakdescribeshermemorylikeaCandyLandboard.Inher__15__sheseeseachmonthasadifferent__16__square;Juneisgreen,Augustisgoldenyellow,Novemberisdarkred.The__17__connecttoformapath,__18__backtoFebruary2005,whenshehadherfirstHSAMmemory.

Let'sfaceit—havingaperfectmemorysoundspretty__19__.Butifyou'renotblessedwithafoolproofrecall,youcanalways__20__likeamemorychampionwiththesetrickstogettingasuperhumanmemory.

1.A.waysB．forms

C.chancesD．abilities

2.A.manageB．monitor

C.rememberD．involve

3.A.clueB．proof

C.approachD．attention

4.A.casualB．automatic

C.likelyD．confident

5.A.consequenceB．imagination

C.conclusionD．evidence

6.A.reciteB．recall

C.connectD．control

7.A.reallyB．actually

C.currentlyD．surely

8.A.dateB．kind

C.dayD．hour

9.A.silenceB．return

C.vainD．detail

10.A.BorrowB．Equip

C.ProvideD．Combine

11.A.createB．convey

C.addD．improve

12.A.InsteadB．However

C.UnfortunatelyD．Therefore

13.A.powerB．energy

C.forceD．advantage

14.A.ideasB．means

C.seriesD．memories

15.A.mindB．opinion

C.lifeD．heart

16.A.fixedB．colored

C.separatedD．lighted

17.A.hoursB．weeks

C.monthsD．years

18.A.bringingB．calling

C.returningD．dating

19.A.amazingB．funny

C.confusingD．attractive

20.A.competeB．fight

C.trainD．struggle

由首句可知，本文介绍与“memory”相关的内容。

解题步骤

1.结合与“memory”相关的语境，下文中几个空都是围绕这一语境选择答案。

如题2、题3、题4、题6等。

2.题1与首句中的types是同义词复现；题7与上文的“now”是复现信息；题8与下文“oftheweek”是复现信息；题9与上文“everythingshedidthatday”是复现信息；题16与下文“Juneisgreen,Augustisgoldenyellow,Novemberisdarkred.”中提到的表示颜色的词是复现信息；题17可以从下文提到的“February”中推测答案。

3.题12下文提到“研究者仍然不理解到底是什么使这些人具有特异功能。

”可以锁定此处与上文内容构成转折关系。

4.题18中可以利用固定搭配“datebackto（追溯到）”解题。

5.可以根据生活常识或者自己已有的知识解题。

如题5、题10、题13、题19等。

解题技巧

技巧7　固定搭配，速答题

典例片段　（2018·全国卷Ⅱ）WechattedabouteverythingandthenBen__1__tome.“Ijustwanttosaythankyou，”hesaid.“You__2__mylife！

”

1.A.jokedB．turned

C.listenedD．pointed

2.A.createdB．honored

C.savedD．guided

技巧应用：

1.识别：

turntosb.是固定搭配“转向某人”；listento“听”；pointto“指着”。

2.saveone'slife也是固定词组“挽救某人的生命”。

3.结合语境，应该是转向某人说“谢谢”，谢谢他救了自己的命。

第1空选B，第2空选C。

技巧8　语法规则，辨明细

技巧应用：

典例片段　（2019·北京东城二模）However,theuneaseincreasedforGlenda.Thecardwasunsigned.Shewaswonderingwhyastrangerwouldsendmoneytohersonand__1__hewouldknowitwasZack'sbirthday.Avarietyofscenescangothroughparents'minds,especiallywhentheyhearstoriesaboutInternetcrimes.

1.A.whoB．what

C.whenD．how

技巧应用：

1.观察：

选项都是从句连接词。

2.分析：

在句中作动词wonder的宾语。

3.句意：

她纳闷他是怎么知道那是Zack的生日的。

故选D。

技巧9　生活常识，巧利用

典例片段　（2018·全国卷Ⅱ）Thebaywasbathedinsunshine,andtherewasagroupofkayakersaround150mofftheshore.Gettingalittle__1__，Irealizedonekayak（皮划艇）wasintrouble.“Something'snotright！

”ItookoffmyTshirtand__2__intothewater.

1.A.fasterB．closer

C.heavierD．wiser

2.A.staredB．sank

C.divedD．fell

技巧应用：

1.语境：

描述水上皮划艇出现故障的事。

2.常识：

只有离得近一些（closer），才能看到皮划艇出了故障，第1空选B。

3.常识：

脱下T恤，跳入（dive）水中，第2空选C。

Passage1（2019•江苏卷•第41—60题）

Wildlifehasbeengreatlythreatenedinthemodernage.Therearespecies（物种）thatare1everyday.Thewhite-napedcraneisatypicalexample.Soscientistsaretryingtheirbestto2thespeciesfromgoingoutofexistence.

ChrisandTimworkatazoo,helpingendangeredcraneswiththeir3.Emma,afemalecrane,hasbeenintheir4sinceshearrivedin2004.

Bornataninternationalcranefoundation,Emmawas5byhumancaretakers.Thisledtoanunexpected6,thoughshehadawonderfultimethere.Emmahad7takenherselfasacraneandbecomedeeplyattachedtohumans.She8tolivewithmalecranes,andevenhada9forkillingsomeofthem,whichmadeit10forhertobecomeamother.

11,thetwozookeepersdidn’twanttoseetheextinction（灭绝）ofthispreciousspecies.Withtheirpatienceandefforts,theysuccessfullydevelopeda12ofartificialbreeding（人工繁殖）andnaturalreproduction.This13Emmatogivebirthtofivebabycranes.

Thetwokeepersareproudoftheirproductivework.Butbeforetheycanbe14,moreeffortsmustbemade,becausethepopulationofthecraneinthewildisonthe15,andmanyotherspeciesappearheadedtowardextinction.16,noteveryonehasrealizedthatwildlifehasthoughts,feelings,andmostimportantly,equalrightstosurvive.

Howcanwe17theever-wideninggapthatseparatesusfromotheranimals?

ChrisandTimofferedusthe18:

humanbeingstookitforgrantedthattheir19heldallthesolutions,butmaybetheirheartscanbeabetter20.

1．A．growingB．migratingC．competingD．disappearing

2．A．banB．saveC．splitD．remove

3．A．abortionB．recreationC．reproductionD．administration

4．A．careB．eyeC．mindD．story

5．A．foundB．chosenC．raisedD．seized

6．A．bonusB．consequenceC．victoryD．sacrifice

7．A．neverB．alwaysC．unluckilyD．cheerfully

8．A．likedB．refusedC．decidedD．hesitated

9．A．giftB．skillC．concernD．reputation

10．A．illegalB．inspiringC．importantD．impossible

11．A．ThereforeB．MoreoverC．HoweverD．Instead

12．A．combinationB．collectionC．strategyD．system

13．A．forcedB．forbadeC．taughtD．enabled

14．A．defeatedB．gratefulC．assuredD．tolerant

15．A．listB．riseC．agendaD．decline

16．A．IncontrastB．AfterallC．BythewayD．Onthecontrary

17．A．leaveB．bridgeC．openD．identify

18．A．courseB．excuseC．answerD．reward

19．A．brainsB．behaviorsC．servicesD．projects

20．A．guideB．treatC．exampleD．companion

Passage2（2016•上海卷•第41—60题）

III.ReadingComprehension

SectionA

Directions:

ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD．Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.

Inthe1960s,DouglasMcGregor,oneofthekeythinkersintheartofmanagement,developedthemowfamousTheoryXandTheoryY.TheoryXistheideathatpeopleinstinctively21workandwilldoanythingtoavoidit.TheoryYistheviewthateveryonehasthepotentialtofindsatisfactioninwork.

Inanycase,despitesomuchevidencetothe22,manymanagersstillagreetoTheoryX.Theybelieve,23,thattheiremployeesneedconstantsupervisioniftheyaretoworkeffectively,orthatdecisionsmustbeimposedfrom24withoutconsultation.This,ofcourse,makesforauthoritarian（专制的）managers.

Differentcultureshavedifferentwaysof25people.Unlikeauthoritarianmanagement,somecultures,particularlyinAsia,arewellknownfortheconsultativenatureofdecision-making—allmembersofthedepartmentorworkgroupareaskedto26tothisprocess.Thisismanagementbythecollectiveopinion.ManywesterncompanieshavetriedtoimitatesuchAsianwaysofdoingthings,whicharebasedongeneral27.Someexpertssaythatwomenwillbecomemoreeffectivemanagersthanmenbecausetheyhavethepowertoreachcommongoalsinawaythattraditional28managerscannot.

Arecenttrendhasbeentoencourageemployeestousetheirowninitiative,tomakedecisionsontheirownwithout29managersfirst.Thisempowerment（授权）hasbeenpartofthetrendtowardsdownsizing:

30thenumberofmanagementlayersincompanies.Afterde-layeringinthisway,acompanymaybe31withjustatoplevelofseniormanagers,front-linemanagersandemployeeswithdirectcontactwiththepublic.Empowermenttakestheideaofdelegation（委托）muchfurtherthanhas32beenthecase.Empowermentanddelegationmeannewformsofmanagementcontrolto33thattheoverallbusinessplanisbeingfollowed,andthatoperationsbecomemoreprofitableundertheneworganization,ratherthanless.

Anothertrendisoff-siteor34management,whereteamsofpeoplelinkedbye-mailandtheInternetworkonprojectsfromtheirownhouses.Projectmanagersevaluatethe35oftheteammembersintermsofwhattheyproduceforprojects,ratherthantheamountoftimetheyspendonthem.

21．A．desireB．seekC．loseD．dislike

22．A．contraryB．expectationC．degreeD．extreme

23．A．viceversaB．forexampleC．howeverD．otherwise

24．A．outsideB．insideC．belowD．above

25．A．replacingB．assessingC．managingD．encouraging

26．A．referB．contributeC．objectD．apply

27．A．agreementB．practiceC．electionD．impression

28．A．bossyB．experiencedC．westernD．male

29．A．askingB．trainingC．warningD．firing

30．A．doublingB．maintainingC．reducingD．estimating

31．A．honoredB．leftC．crowdedD．compared

32．A．econo