考研英语真题及答案.docx

考研英语真题及答案.docx

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考研英语真题及答案

2009年考研英语真题和答案

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1。

（10points）

Researchonanimalintelligencealwaysmakesmewonderjusthowsmarthumansare。

1thefruit—flyexperimentsdescribedinCarlZimmer’spieceintheScienceTimesonTuesday。

Fruitflieswhoweretaughttobesmarterthantheaveragefruitfly2toliveshorterlives。

Thissuggeststhat3bulbsburnlonger,thatthereisan4innotbeingtooterrificallybright。

Intelligence，it5out，isahigh—pricedoption。

Ittakesmoreupkeep，burnsmorefuelandisslow6thestartinglinebecauseitdependsonlearning-agradual7—insteadofinstinct。

Plentyofotherspeciesareabletolearn，andoneofthethingsthey’veapparentlylearnediswhento8。

Isthereanadaptivevalueto9intelligence？

That'sthequestionbehindthisnewresearch.Ilikeit.Insteadofcastingawistfulglance10atallthespecieswe’veleftinthedustI.Q.—wise,itimplicitlyaskswhatthereal11ofourownintelligencemightbe。

Thisis12themindofeveryanimalI’veevermet。

Researchonanimalintelligencealsomakesmewonderwhatexperimentsanimalswould13onhumansiftheyhadthechance。

Everycatwithanowner，14，isrunningasmall—scalestudyinoperantconditioning.webelievethat15animalsranthelabs，theywouldtestusto16thelimitsofourpatience，ourfaithfulness，ourmemoryforterrain。

Theywouldtrytodecidewhatintelligenceinhumansisreally17，notmerelyhowmuchofitthereis。

18，theywouldhopetostudya19question:

Arehumansactuallyawareoftheworldtheylivein?

20theresultsareinconclusive.

1。

[A］Suppose［B］Consider［C]Observe[D]Imagine

2.［A]tended［B］feared[C］happened［D］threatened

3。

［A］thinner［B］stabler［C］lighter［D］dimmer

4.[A］tendency［B]advantage［C］inclination[D］priority

5.［A］insistson［B］sumsup［C］turnsout［D］putsforward

6。

［A]off［B］behind[C］over［D]along

7.［A］incredible[B］spontaneous[C]inevitable［D］gradual

8.［A］fight［B］doubt［C］stop[D]think

9.[A]invisible[B］limited［C]indefinite［D］different

10。

[A］upward[B］forward［C]afterward[D]backward

11.［A］features［B］influences[C］results[D］costs

12。

[A］outside［B］on［C]by[D］across

13。

［A]deliver[B］carry［C］perform[D]apply

14.［A］bychance［B]incontrast［C]asusual[D］forinstance

15.[A]if[B］unless［C］as［D］lest

16.［A］moderate［B］overcome［C］determine［D］reach

17。

［A］at[B]for［C]after［D]with

18。

[A］Aboveall［B］Afterall［C］However［D]Otherwise

19。

［A]fundamental［B］comprehensive［C］equivalent［D］hostile

20.［A］Byaccident[B］Intime［C］Sofar[D]Betterstill

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts。

AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA，B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1。

（40points）

Text1

Habitsareafunnything.Wereachforthemmindlessly，settingourbrainsonauto—pilotandrelaxingintotheunconsciouscomfortoffamiliarroutine。

“Notchoice,buthabitrulestheunreflectingherd，"WilliamWordsworthsaidinthe19thcentury。

Intheever—changing21stcentury,eventheword“habit”carriesanegativeconnotation。

Soitseemsantitheticaltotalkabouthabitsinthesamecontextascreativityandinnovation.Butbrainresearchershavediscoveredthatwhenweconsciouslydevelopnewhabits,wecreateparallelsynapticpaths,andevenentirelynewbraincells，thatcanjumpourtrainsofthoughtontonew,innovativetracks。

Butdon'tbothertryingtokilloffoldhabits；oncethoserutsofprocedurearewornintothehippocampus，they’retheretostay。

Instead，thenewhabitswedeliberatelyingrainintoourselvescreateparallelpathwaysthatcanbypassthoseoldroads。

“Thefirstthingneededforinnovationisafascinationwithwonder,”saysDawnaMarkova，authorof“TheOpenMind”andanexecutivechangeconsultantforProfessionalThinkingPartners。

“Butwearetaughtinsteadto‘decide,'justasourpresidentcallshimself‘theDecider。

’”Sheadds，however，that“todecideistokilloffallpossibilitiesbutone。

Agoodinnovationalthinkerisalwaysexploringthemanyotherpossibilities。

"

Allofusworkthroughproblemsinwaysofwhichwe'reunaware，shesays.Researchersinthelate1960coveredthathumansarebornwiththecapacitytoapproachchallengesinfourprimaryways:

analytically，procedurally,relationally（orcollaboratively）andinnovatively。

Atpuberty，however,thebrainshutsdownhalfofthatcapacity，preservingonlythosemodesofthoughtthathaveseemedmostvaluableduringthefirstdecadeorsooflife。

Thecurrentemphasisonstandardizedtestinghighlightsanalysisandprocedure,meaningthatfewofusinherentlyuseourinnovativeandcollaborativemodesofthought。

“This