身份认同视角下《猜火车》中青年亚文化的分析.docx

身份认同视角下《猜火车》中青年亚文化的分析.docx

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身份认同视角下《猜火车》中青年亚文化的分析

摘要 

青年亚文化所代表的是处于边缘地位的青少年群体的利益，它对成年人社会秩序往往采取一种颠覆的态度。

所以，青年亚文化最突出的特点就是它的边缘性、颠覆性和批判性。

青年亚文化是对主流文化的反抗，置身其中的年轻人因这个文化圈所特有的性质常常对自己的身份认同很是困惑。

小说《猜火车》较为深入地剖析青年亚文化圈，对他们的生活做了较为真实的描述，凸显了青年在该亚文化圈中身份认同的困惑，表现出他们焦虑的心态及个人认同感的缺失，充分展现了底层苏格兰人物的复杂心情。

关键词：

猜火车；青年亚文化；身份认同困惑；社会认同；毒品 

Abstract 

Youthsubculturesthatshowasystematichostilitytothedominantculturearesometimesdescribedascountercultures.Youthsubculturerepresentstheinterestsofmarginalizedyouthgroups,whichoftenadoptasubversiveattitudetowardsthesocialorderofadults,sothemostprominentfeatureofyouthsubcultureisitsmarginal,subversiveandcriticalnature.Youthsubcultureisarevoltagainstthemainstreamculture,inwhichtheyoungpeopleareoftenconfusedabouttheiridentitybecauseofthepeculiarnatureoftheculturalcircle.ThenovelTrainspottingdeeplyanalyzestheyouthsubculture,andmakesarealisticdescriptionoftheirlife,anddepictstheconfusionoftheyoungpeople'sidentityinthesubculture.Showingtheiranxiousmentalityandlackofpersonalidentity,thenovelfullydemonstratedthecomplexmoodofthebottomScottishcharacters.KeyWords:

Trainspotting;YouthSubculture;IdentityDilemma;socialidentity;Scotland;Drugs 

Contents 

Chapter1Introduction 

1.1ResearchBackground 

1.2Summaryofthenovel 

1.3MaincontentandObjective 

1.4TheoreticalFoundations 

Chapter2LiteratureReview 

2.1StudyonIdentityDilemma 

2.2StudyonYouthSubcultureinTrainspotting 

2.3Analysisofcharactersinnovel 

Chapter3AnalysisandDiscussion 

3.1PerformanceofYouthSubcultureinnovel 

3.2CausesofYouthSubculture 

3.2.1InternalCauses 

3.2.2ExternalCauses 

Chapter4Conclusion 

4.1MainFinding 

4.2Limitation 

References 

Chapter1.Introduction 

Thischapterisabriefsummaryoftheauthor,novel,andthetheoryusedinthisthesis. 

1.1ResearchBackgroundandBriefIntroductionofWelshIrvineWalesisawidelyacclaimedScottishnovelist,whowasbornin1958,andhasbeencalled"thePoetLaureateoftheMedicineAge"byvirtueofthebookTrainspotting.Thebookisfamousforitstrueportrayalofthelower-classpeoplelivinginScotland.Trainspottingisalsothefirstandmostfamousoneofhisworks.Scottishnovelist,playwrightandshortstorywriter.Heisrecognizedforthisnovel,whichwaslatermadeintoafilmofthesamename.HisworkischaracterizedbyarawScotsdialectandbrutaldepictionofEdinburghlife.Hehasalsowrittenplaysandscreenplays,anddirectedseveralshortfilms. 

Trainspottingiswellworthreading,notonlybecausefewwritershavetriedtodabbleintheuniqueBritishyouthculture,but,moreimportantly,fewwritershavebeenabletoexplorethisareaasdeeplyasthisbook.Aswellasrecreationaldruguse,Welsh'snovelandnon-novelisdominatedbythequestionofworkingclassandidentityofpeopleinScotlandintheperiodspanningthe1960‘stonow.Withinthis,heprobestheriseandfallofthecouncilhousingscheme,denialofopportunity,sectarianism,football,hooliganism,sex,suppressedhomosexuality,danceclubs,low-paidwork,freemasonry,Irishrepublicanism,sodomy,classdivisions,emigrationand,perhapsmostofall,thehumor,prejudicesandaxiomsoftheScots.WelshisfamousforwritinginhisnativeEdinburghScotsdialect.HealmostignoresthetraditionalconventionsofliteraryScots,whichusedbyotherwriters,forexample,AllanRamsay,RobertFergusson,RobertBurns,RobertLouisStevenson,andJamesOrr.Onthecontrary,hetranscribesdialectsphonetically.HisotherbooksincludeacollectionofshortstoriesAcidHouse,TheMarabouStorkNightmare,Ecstasy,andthemostrecentworkIfyoulikedSchool,you'llWork. 

1.2SummaryofTrainspotting 

ThenoveldescribesthelifeofagroupofyoungdrugaddictsinEdinburgh,Scotland,andthefilmbasedonthisbookisconsideredoneofthemostenergeticfilmsofthe1996.MarkRetonisanaddict,andthethreepeopleheliveswitharealsoofthesamekind,"sickboy"Simon,theretardedman"potato"Daniel,theyounggirlnamedAllison,herlittledaughterDonnewasbornfromherandoneofthethree,butnoneofthemcouldfigureoutwhowasthefatherofthechild.FriendsplayWiththemusualareTommyandBergbie.MarkandDanielCleverlyletthemselvesoutoftheinterview,thuseliminatingtheunemploymentbenefits.Afterwardstheywenttothepubtocelebrate,Bergbietherandomviolencetoinjuretheperson,thebarfellintochaos.Markmetayoung,sexywomannamedDianeatadisco,andshetookMarkhomeforthenight.ButDianewasonly14yearsold. 

Marktriedtodetox,butintheendhecouldn'tresistthetemptation.HeandDanielrobbedtouristsandboughtdrugswiththatmoney.TommywasdevastatedbyhisgirlfriendLiz'sdeparture,andhewasaddictedtodrugs.Allison'slittledaughtersuddenlyburstintobed.MarkandDanielwerecaughtwhenstealingthingsinthesupermarket.Inordertoforgetthisseriesoftroubles,Marktookanoverdoseofheroinandfellintounconscious.Hewassenttohospitalforrescue.HisparentsputMarkhometolockintheroom,forcedhimtodetox,thenherealizedthatstabilityisthetruemeaningoflife.Afterdetoxification,MarkleftEdinburghandwenttofindajobinarealestatecompanyinLondon.ButMark'snewlifewasinterruptedatfirst.BergbieandSimonensued.Markhadnopatiencewiththem.ThencamewiththesadnewsthatTommydiedofAIDS,andtheyreturnedtoEdinburgtoattendthefuneral.Bergbiegota4000-poundheroinfromaRussian,thenwenttoLondonwithMarkandothers,includingDaniel,whohadbeenreleasedfromprison,tosellat16000poundsandmakeonebucks.Thatnight,Marktookallthemoneywhenothersweresleeping,andpreparedtogoabroadtostarthisnewlife,butheleftDaniel'spartinhissuitcase.Trainspottingisagamewhereidlepeoplespendtheirtimeintheplacewherethetrainpasses,improvisingbetsaboutthetimeanddestinationofthenexttrain.Theseteenagersareconscientious,buttheystoop.Inthenovel,takingdrugsasanalternativechoicebecomesthelifestyleofthecharacters,anddrugsmakesthemaddictedandpainful."Scotland,Scotland,thisistheugliestplaceintheworld,"saidMark'scompanion.Theycannotfindtheirpositioninthecommunity.,theimageof"guessingtrain"wasnotrepeatedlyemphasizedinthenoveluntilthepenultimatefragmentofthenovel"Returnedtothevillage"andwasonlymentionedbyadrunkard,butitssymbolicmeaningranthroughthebook.Trainspottingisapersonalactivitythatdoesn'trequiregroupstrength,herewecanusetheexplanationofthemeaningoftheChinesetranslationinthefootnote:

"Oneistopassthetimeofthegame,inthestationtoseethefleetingtrain,notethenumberofcarriages,whorememberthemore,thebetter."Inaddition,becausethelong-termdrugusebloodvesselsandmottledlikearailroad,lookingthebloodvesselstofindtheplacetoinject,alsoknownastheTrainspotting."TheauthortakesTrainspottingasthename,andthisgamealsoshowstheirdecadentandidleness.Theprotagonistofthestory,Reton,issuchanaddict,heandhisbuddiesgatheredtotakedrugs.ButIsawthatmarkwasdifferentfromthesepeoplewhentheysawthatTommywassadbecausehebrokeupwithhisgirlfriend,whentheywenttopursuenature,andevenifhewasstuckindrugs,hewantedtopursueanewlife.Markventedhisdiscontentbyindulginghimselfwiththedrugs,heconstantlychallengedandrammedtherulesofsociety,buteventuallyMarkchosetoreconcileandintegratewithsociety.1.3MaincontentandObjective 

ThispapermainlyexpoundsthepresentresearchsituationofyouthsubcultureinTrainspottingathomeandabroad.Itshowsidentitydilemmainyouthsub-culture.Youthsubcultureisarevoltagainstmainstreamculture,whichhasfeaturesofmarginalityandsubversion.Youngpeopleinthisculturealwayspossessanidentitydilemma.Trainspottinggivesarelatively-realportraitofyoungpeoplelivinginyouthsub-cultureandprovidesanaccurateaccountofidentitydilemmaexistingamongthem.Thispaperaimstoshowtheidentitydilemmainthenovel,andfoundwhythedilemmaexists.Therearealotofdifficultiesofmedialiteracyeducationinthecontextofyouthsubculture;thekeyspotisthetransformationofculturalidentity.Youngpeopleinthisculturealwayspossessanidentityconfusion.Isummarizedthecharacteristicsandcausesofyouthsubculturethroughanalyzing the text of thelanguage description, behavioral description of the protagonist identitydilemmainnovel.ThereasonIchosethistopicisthatthehighspeedofdevelopmentofsocietymakesmoreandmoreteenagerslostthemselves.Asaresult,Iwanttofindwhypeoplelostinsubcultureandwherethesubculturecomesfrom. 

1.4TheoreticalFoundations 

Thereisnowonderthateveryoneinthesocietybelongstomanydifferentgroups,suchasclass,school,community,countryandsoon,whicharedifferentinsize,structureandlevel.Theessenceofsocializationistoachieveindividualityandestablishasenseofconnectionwithothers.Peoplemeettheneedsofbelongingbyestablishingasocialself-basedonclassification.Therefore,intheprocessofsocialization,inadditiontoseekingtheirowndifferences,theestablishmentofauniquefeeling,peoplealsowanttoestablishasenseofbelongingwithotherssimilartothemselvesinneed.Lackofcontactwithothersleadstotheexclusionofindividuals,andtheinabilitytointegrateintothemainstreamsocietyandhavetodriftawayfromtheedgeoftheirownlivingsystem.Whentheinnergrouplacksthepositivecharacteristic,themembercanbedrivenorpsychologi