材料专业常用词汇.docx
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材料专业常用词汇
材料科学MaterialScience
材料科学定义MaterialScienceDefinition
强度Strength
抗腐蚀及耐用Corrosion&resistancedurability
金属特性Specialmetallicfeatures
抗敏感及环境保护Allergic,re-cycling&environmentalprotection
化学元素Chemicalelement
元素的原子序数AtomofElements
原子及固体物质Atomandsolidmaterial
原子的组织图AtomConstitutes
周期表PeriodicTable
原子键结合AtomBonding
金属与合金MetalandAlloy
铁及非铁金属Ferrous&NonFerrousMetal
晶体结构,晶格及单位晶胞Crystalstructure,Spacelattice&Unitcell
金属晶格Metalspacelattice
晶格常数Latticeconstant
米勒指数Mill'sIndex
金相及相律MetalPhaseandPhaseRule
固熔体Solidsolution
置换型固熔体Substitutionaltypesolidsolution
间隙固熔体Interstitialsolidsolution
金属间化物Intermetalliccompound
相变Transformation
相变点TransformationPoint
磁性相变MagneticTransformation
同素相变AllotropicTransformation
热平衡状态ThermalEquilibrium
自由度Degreeoffreedom
临界温度Criticaltemperature
共晶Eutectic包晶温度Peritectic亚共晶体HypoeutecticAlloy
过共晶体HypereutecticAlloy
塑性变形PlasticDeformation
滑动面SlipPlan
畸变Distortion
晶体结构:
晶胞中的原子数atomspercell,
点阵lattice,阵点latticepoint,
密排六方hexagonalclose-packed,
六方晶胞hexagonalunitcell,
体心立方body-centeredcubic,面心立方face-centeredcubic,
晶系crystalsystem,
相变机理Phasetransformationmechanism:
成核生长相变nucleation–growthtransition,
有序无序转变disordered-ordertransition,
马氏体相变martensitephasetransformation,
成核势垒nucleationbarrier,
晶核,结晶中心nucleusofcrystal,
基体,基块,基质,结合剂matrix,
子晶,雏晶mattedcrystal,耔晶,晶种seedcrystal,
耔晶取向seedorientation,籽晶生长seededgrowth,
均匀形核homogeneousnucleation,异质形核heterogeneousnucleation
自恰场self-consistentfield
缺陷defect,imperfection,点缺陷pointdefect,
线缺陷linedefect,位错dislocation,
位错排列dislocationarrangement,
位错滑移dislocationslip,dislocationmovementbyslip,
位错聚结dislocationcoalescence,
体积膨胀volumedilation,体积收缩volumeshrinkage,
回火tempering,退火annealing,
淬火quenching,淬火硬化quenchinghardening,
正火normalizing,normalization,人工时效artificialaging,
回复CrystalRecovery再结晶Recrystallization
形变热处理ausforming,等温退火austempering,
奥氏体austenite,奥氏体化austenitizing,
贝氏体bainite,马氏体淬火marquench,马氏体退火martemper,
马氏体时效钢maragingsteel,渗碳体cementite,铁素体ferrite
扩散系数diffusivity,烧结sintering,
相图与相结构phasediagramsandphasestructures,
吉布斯相律Gibbsphaserule,
吉布斯熵Gibbsentropy,吉布斯函数Gibbsfunction,
相界phaseboundary,相界交联phaseboundarycrosslinking,
共格相phase-coherent,相衬phasecontrast,
相变滞后phasetransitionlag,
显微结构microstructures,
不混溶固溶体immisciblesolidsolution,
金属材料的性能及试验Properties&testingofmetal
化学性能ChemicalProperties物理性能PhysicalProperties
磁性Magnetism
比电阻Specificresistivity&specificresistance
比重Specificgravity&specificdensity
电导率和电阻率conductivityandresistivity,
应力和应变stressandstrain,
弹性应变elasticstrain,
塑性应变plasticstrain,
最大抗拉强度ultimatetensilestrength,
延展性ductility,
伸长率elongation,
断面收缩率reductionofarea,
颈缩necking,
断裂强度breakingstrength,
韧性toughness,
硬度hardness,
疲劳强度fatiguestrength,
热脆性heatshortness,
比热SpecificHeat
热膨胀系数Coefficientofthermalexpansion
热导率Heatconductivity
屈服强度Yieldstrength屈服点yieldpoint
弹性限度、elasticlimit,
氏弹性系数Young'smoduleofelasticity
金属材料的试验方法TheMethodofMetalinspection
无损检验Non–destructiveinspections
渗透探伤法Penetrateinspection
磁粉探伤法Magneticparticleinspection
放射线探伤法Radiographicinspection
超声波探伤法Ultrasonicinspection
显微观察法Microscopicinspection
损伤检验DestructiveInspection
冲击测试ImpactTest
疲劳测试FatigueTest
蠕变测试CreepTest
蠕变强度CreepsStrength
涡流检测eddycurrenttest
应力松弛试验stressrelaxationtest
声发射检测acousticemissioninspection
第一蠕变期PrimaryCreep第二蠕变期SecondaryCreep
钢铁的主要成份Themajorelementofsteel
钢铁用"碳"之含量来分类ClassificationofSteelaccordingtoCarboncontents
铁相SteelPhases
钢铁的名称Nameofsteel
铁素体Ferrite
渗碳体Cementite
奥氏体Austenite
珠光体及共析钢Pearlite&Eutectoid
奥氏体碳钢AusteniteCarbonSteel
单相金属SinglePhaseMetal
共析相变EutectoidTransformation
连续铸造法Continuouscastingprocess
电炉Electricfurnace
均热炉Soakingpit
镇静钢Killedsteel
半镇静钢Semi-killedsteel
沸腾钢Rimmedsteel
钢铁生产流程SteelProductionFlowChart
钢材的熔铸、锻造、挤压及延轧TheCasting,Fogging,Extrusion,Rolling&Steel
冲剪Drawing&stamping
特殊钢以元素分类ClassificationofSpecialSteelaccordingtoElement
特殊钢以用途来分类ClassificationofSpecialSteelaccordingtoEndUsage
易车(快削)不锈钢FreeCuttingStainlessSteel
含铅易车钢LeadedFreeCuttingSteel
含硫易车钢SulphuricFreeCuttingSteel
淬透性Hardenability
钢的脆性BrittlenessofSteel
低温脆性Coldbrittleness
回火脆性Temperbrittleness
材料的加工性能Drawingability
表面处理Surfacefinish
冷轧(低碳)钢片的分类用、途、工业标准、品质、加热状态及硬度表
Endusages,industrialstandard,quality,conditionandhardnessofcoldrolledsteelstrip
厚度及宽度公差ToleranceonThickness&Width
弯度Camber
防止生锈RustProtection
生锈速度表Speedofrusting
焊接Welding气焊GasWelding点焊Spotwelding滚焊Seamwelding
埋弧焊Submerged-arcWelding电阻焊ResistanceWelding
电镀锌钢片或电解钢片Electro-galvanizedSteelSheet/ElectrolyticZincCoatedSteelSheet
上漆能力PaintAdhesion
电镀锌钢片的焊接WeldingofElectro-galvanizedsteelsheet
电镀锌(电解)钢片Electro-galvanizedSteelSheet
分析测试方法
X射线衍射:
X-rayDiffraction(XRD)
光学金相检验opticalmetallographicexamination光谱分析spectralanalysis
吸收光谱仪absorptionspectrometer 光谱学spectroscopy
拉曼光谱(Ramanspectrum)红外光谱(Infraredspectrum)
电子探针分析electronprobemicroanalysis
电子显微镜分析electronmicroscopy
扫描电子显微镜scanningelectronmicroscopy(SEM)
透射电子显微镜Transmissionelectronmicroscopy(TEM)
原子力显微镜atomforcemicroscopy(AFM)
扫描隧道显微镜scanningtunnelingmicroscopy(STM)
能谱分析energydispersivespectroscopy(EDS)
波谱分析wavedispersivespectroscopy(WDS)
热分析thermalanalysis(TA)
差热分析(differentialthermalanalysis)(DTA)
差示扫描量热法(differentialscanningcalorimetry)(DSC)
热重分析thermogravimetry(TG)热膨胀法thermaldilatometry(TD)
X-ray光电子能谱photoelectronspectrum(XPS)
紫外光电子能谱ultravioletphotoelectronspectrum(UPS)
俄歇电子能谱augerelectronspectrum(AES)
核磁共振nucleusmagnetismresonance(NMR)
磁性材料性能:
磁学magnetics 磁magnetism 磁化magnetization
磁铁magnet 磁的magnetic
软磁SoftMagnetic硬磁HardMagnetic
磁场MagneticField磁性感应MagneticInduction
透磁度MagneticPermeability
磁化率MagneticSusceptibility(Xm)
磁力(MagneticForce)及磁场(MagneticField)
抗磁体Diamagnetism,
顺磁体Paramagnetic,
铁磁体Ferromagnetism,
反铁磁体Antiferromagnetism&亚铁磁体Ferrimagnetism
磁偶极子Dipole自发磁化Spontaneousmagnetization
磁畴Magneticdomain磁矩magneticmoment
磁偏转型质谱仪magneticdeflectionmassspectrometer
磁倾角magneticdip 磁扰magneticdisturbances
磁畴壁magneticdomainwalls
磁场强度magneticfieldintensity/strength
磁通量紧缩/磁通密度magneticfluxcompression/density
磁滞magnetichysteresis 磁漏magneticleakage
磁弛豫magneticrelaxation 磁阻magneticreluctance
剩磁magneticremanence 磁饱和magneticsaturation
磁阱magnetictrap 磁变magneticvariations
磁粘滞性magneticviscosity 磁光效应magnetoopticeffect
磁振荡吸收magnetooscillatoryabsorption
磁性电介质magnetodielectric 磁敏二极管magnetodiode
静磁场magnetostaticfield静磁学magnetostatics