考研英语二真题完整版.docx

考研英语二真题完整版.docx

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考研英语二真题完整版

2019考研英语

（二）真题完整版

　　SectionIUseofEnglish

　　Directions:

　　Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.（10points）

　　Weighingyourselfregularlyisawonderfulwaytostayawareofanysignificantweightfluctuations.1,whendonetoooften,thishabitcansometimeshurtmorethanit2.

　　Asforme,weighingmyselfeverydaycausedmetoshiftmyfocusfrombeinggenerallyhealthyandphysicallyactivetofocusing3onthescale.Thatwashadtomyoverallfitnessgoats.Ihadgainedweightintheformofmusclemass,butthinkingonlyof4thenumberonthescale,Ialteredmytrainingprogram.ThatconflictedwithhowIneededtotrainto5mygoals.

　　Ialsofoundthatweighingmyselfdailydidnotprovideanaccurate6ofthehardworkandprogressIwasmakinginthegym.Ittakesaboutthreeweekstoamonthtonoticeanysignificantchangesinyourweight7alteringyourtrainingprogram.Themost8changeswillbeobservedinskilllevel,strengthandincheslost.

　　Forthese9,Istoppedweighingmyselfeverydayandswitchedtoabimonthlyweighingschedule10.Sinceweightlossisnotmygoal,itislessimportantformeto11myweighteachweek.Weighingeveryotherweekallowsmetoobserveand12anysignificantweightchanges.ThattellsmewhetherIneedto13mytrainingprogram.

　　Iusemybimonthlyweigh-in14togetinformationaboutmynutritionaswell.Ifmytrainingintensityremainsthesame,butI’mconstantly15anddroppingweight,thisisa16thatIneedtoincreasemydailycaloricintake.

　　The17tostopweighingmyselfeverydayhasdonewondersformyoverallhealth,fitnessandwell-being.I’mexperiencingincreasedzealforworkingoutsinceInolongercarrytheburdenofa18morningweigh-in.I’vealsoexperiencedgreatersuccessinachievingmyspecificfitnessgoals,19I’mtrainingaccordingtothosegoals,notthenumbersonascale.

　　Ratherthan20overthescale,turnyourfocustohowyoulook,feelhowyourclothesfitandyouroverallenergylevel.

　　1.[A]Besides[B]Therefore[C]Otherwise[D]However

　　2.[A]helps[B]cares[C]warns[D]reduces

　　3.[A]initially[B]solely[C]occasionally[D]formally

　　4.[A]recording[B]lowering[C]explaining[D]accepting

　　5.[A]modify[B]set[C]review[D]reach

　　6.[A]definition[B]depiction[C]distribution[D]prediction

　　7.[A]dueto[B]regardlessof[C]asidefrom[D]alongwith

　　8.[A]orderly[B]rigid[C]precise[D]immediate

　　9.[A]claims[B]judgments[C]reasons[D]methods

　　10.[A]instead[B]though[C]again[D]indeed

　　11.[A]track[B]overlook[C]conceal[D]report

　　12.[A]dependon[B]approveof[C]holdonto[D]accountfor

　　13.[A]share[B]adjust[C]confirm[D]prepare

　　14.[A]results[B]features[C]rules[D]tests

　　15.[A]bored[B]anxious[C]hungry[D]sick

　　16.[A]principle[B]secret[C]belief[D]sign

　　17.[A]request[B]necessity[C]decision[D]wish

　　18.[A]disappointing[B]surprising[C]restricting[D]consuming

　　19.[A]ifbecause[B]unless[C]until[D]consuming

　　20.[A]obsessing[B]dominating[C]puzzling[D]triumphing　　

SectionIIReadingComprehension

　　PartA

　　Directions:

　　Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）

　　Text1

　　Unlikeso-calledbasicemotionssuchassadness,fear,andanger,guiltemergesalittlelater,inconjunctionwithachild’sgrowinggraspofsocialandmoralnorms.Childrenaren’tbornknowinghowtosay“I’msorry”;rather,theylearnovertimethatsuchstatementsappeaseparentsandfriends—andtheirownconsciences.Thisiswhyresearchersgenerallyregardso-calledmoralguilt,intherightamount,tobeagoodthing.

　　Inthepopularimagination,ofcourse,guiltstillgetsabadrap.Itisdeeplyuncomfortable—it’stheemotionalequivalentofwearingajacketweightedwithstones.Yetthisunderstandingisoutdated.“Therehasbeenakindofrevivalorarethinkingaboutwhatguiltisandwhatroleguiltcanserve,”saysAmrishaVaish,apsychologyresearcherattheUniversityofVirginia,addingthatthisrevivalispartofalargerrecognitionthatemotionsaren’tbinary—feelingsthatmaybeadvantageousinonecontextmaybeharmfulinanother.Jealousyandanger,forexample,mayhaveevolvedtoalertustoimportantinequalities.Toomuchhappinesscanbedestructive.

　　Andguilt,bypromptingustothinkmoredeeplyaboutourgoodness,canencouragehumanstomakeupforerrorsandfixrelationships.Guilt,inotherwords,canhelpholdacooperativespeciestogether.Itisakindofsocialglue.

　　Viewedinthislight,guiltisanopportunity.WorkbyTinaMalti,apsychologyprofessorattheUniversityofToronto,suggeststhatguiltmaycompensateforanemotionaldeficiency.Inanumberofstudies,Maltiandothershaveshownthatguiltandsympathymayrepresentdifferentpathwaystocooperationandsharing.Somekidswhoarelowinsympathymaymakeupforthatshortfallbyexperiencingmoreguilt,whichcanreinintheirnastierimpulses.Andviceversa:

Highsympathycansubstituteforlowguilt.

　　Ina2014study,forexample,Maltilookedat244children.Usingcaregiverassessmentsandthechildren’sself-observations,sheratedeachchild’soverallsympathylevelandhisorhertendencytofeelnegativeemotionsaftermoraltransgressions.Thenthekidswerehandedchocolatecoins,andgivenachancetosharethemwithananonymouschild.Forthelow-sympathykids,howmuchtheysharedappearedtoturnonhowinclinedtheyweretofeelguilty.Theguilt-proneonessharedmore,eventhoughtheyhadn’tmagicallybecomemoresympathetictotheotherchild’sdeprivation.

　　“That’sgoodnews,”Maltisays.“Wecanbeprosocialbecausewecausedharmandwefeelregret.”

　　21.Researchersthinkthatguiltcanbeagoodthingbecauseitmayhelp______.

　　A）regulateachild'sbasicemotions

　　B）improveachild'sintellectualability

　　C）fosterachild’smoraldevelopment

　　D）intensityachild'spositivefeelings

　　22.Accordingtoparagraph2,manypeoplestillconsiderguilttobe______.

　　A）deceptive

　　B）burdensome

　　C）addictive

　　D）deception

　　23.Vaishholdthattherethinkingaboutguiltcomesfromanawarenessthat______.

　　A）emotionsarecontext-independent

　　B）emotionsaresociallyconstructive

　　C）emotionalstabilitycanbenefithealth

　　D）anemotioncanplayopposingroles

　　24.Maltiandothershaveshownthatcooperationandsharing_______.

　　A.mayhelpcorrectemotionaldeficiencies

　　B.canresultfromeithersympathyorguilt

　　C.canbringaboutemotionalsatisfaction

　　D.maybetheoutcomeofimpulsiveacts

　　25.Theword“transgressions”（Line4,Para.5）isclosestinmeaningto_______.

　　A.teachings

　　B.discussions

　　C.restrictions

　　D.wrongdoings

　　Text2

　　Forestsgiveusshade,quietandoneofthelardercallengesinthefightagainstclimatechange.Evenaswehumanscountonforeststosoakupagoodshareofthecarbondioxideweproduce,wearethreateningtheirabilitytodoso.Theclimatechangewearehasteningcouldonedayleaveuswithforeststhatemitmorecarbonthantheyabsorb.

　　Thankfully,thereisawayoutofthistrap-butitinvolvesstrikingasubtlebalance.Helpingforestsflourishasvaluable“carbonsinks”longintothefuturemayrequirereducingtheircapacitytoabsorbcarbonnow.Californiaisleadingtheway,asitdoesonsomanyclimateefforts,infiguringoutthedetails.

　　Thestate’sproposedForestCarbonPlanaimstodoubleeffortstothinoutyoungtreesandclearbrushinpartsoftheforest.Thistemporarilylowerscarbon-carryingcapacity.Buttheremainingtreesdrawagreatershareoftheavailablemoisture,sotheygrowandthrive,restoringtheforest’scapacitytopullcarbonfromtheair.Healthytreesarealsobetterabletofendoffinsects.Thelandscapeisrenderedlesseasilyburnable.Evenintheeventofafine,fewertreesareconsumed.

　　Theneedforsuchplanningisincreasinglyurgent.Already,since2010,droughtandinsectshavekilledover100milliontreesinCalifornia,mostofthemin2016alone,andwildfireshaveburnedhundredsofthousandsofacres.

　　Californiaplanstotreat35,000acresofforestayearby2020,and60,000by2030-financedfromtheproceedsofthestate’semissions-permitauctions.That’sonlyasmallshareofthetotalacreagethatcouldbenefit,abouthalfamillionacresinall,soitwillbevitaltoprioritizeareasatgreatestriskoffireordrought.

　　Thestrategyalsoaimstoensurethatcarboninwoodymaterialremovedfromtheforestsislockedawayintheformofsolidlumberorburnedasbiofuelinvehiclesthatwouldotherwiserunonfossilfuels.Newresearchontransportationbiofuelsisalreadyunderway.

　　Stategovernmentsarewellaccustomedtomanagingforests,buttraditionallythey’vefocusedonwildlife,watershedsandopportunitiesforrecreation.Onlyrecentlyhavetheycometoseethevitalpartforestswillhavetoplayinstoringcarbon.California’splan,whichisexpectedtobefinalizedbythegovernornextyear,shouldserveasamodel.

　　26.Bysaying“oneoftheharderchallenges,”theauthorimpliesthat_______.

　　A.globalclimatechangemaygetoutofcontrol

　　B.peoplemaymisunderstandglobalwarming

　　C.extremeweatherconditionsmayarise

　　D.forestsmaybecomeapotentialthreat

　　27.Tomaintainforestsasvaluable“carbonsinks,”wemayneedto_______.

　　A.preservethediversityofspeciesinthem

　　B.acceleratethegrowthofyoungtrees

　　C.strikeabalanceamongdifferentplants

　　D.lowertheirpresentcarbon-absorbingcapacity

　　28.California’sForestCarbonPlanendeavorsto_______.

　　A.cultivatemoredrought-resistanttrees

　　B.reduc