高英2第五课背景资料.docx

高英2第五课背景资料.docx

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高英2第五课背景资料

Lesson5TheSadYoungMen

RodW.HortonandHerbertW.Edwards

I.Backgroundinformationaboutthetext

1.FrancisScottFitzgerald（1896-1940）

FitzgeraldwasborninSaintPaul,Minnesota.HewenttoPrincetonUniversity,butquitin1917.In1920,Fitzgeraldpublishedhisfirstnovel,ThisSideofParadise.Thenoveldealswiththepost-WorldWarIgenerationandtheirdisillusionedlives.Laterthatyear,FitzgeraldmarriedZeldaSayre,thequintessential1920sflapper.Fitzgerald'swritingsgrewinpopularity,andhisshortstoriesespeciallywereinhighdemand.Thesestoriesappearedin4books:

FlappersandPhilosophers（1920）,TalesoftheJazzAge（1922）,AlltheSadYoungMen（1926）,andTapsatReveille（1935）.TheGreatGatsby（1925）,Fitzgerald'smasterpiece,discussesthepursuitanddisillusionmentwiththeAmericanDream.Unfortunately,thisnovelsoldpoorlyandFitzgeralddescendedintoalcoholism.TenderistheNight（1934）wasanalmostautobiographicalnovelaboutFitzgerald'slifewithZelda,andalsosoldpoorly.TheLastTycoon（1941）remainedunfinishedatFitzgerald'sdeath.F.ScottFitzgeraldisnowregardedasonethemostimportantAmericanauthorsofthe20thcentury.HechroniclesthegoodandthebadandespeciallythedisillusionmentthatdefinedAmericainthe1920s.

2.Abouttheauthor:

HortonandEdwardsarejointauthorsofthebook,“BackgroundsofAmericanLiteraryThought”（1967）,fromwhichthispieceistaken.

RodWHorton（1910---）

∙BorninWhitePlainsN.Y

∙Instructor,NewYorkUniversity,（1937---1945）

∙Assistantprofessor（1945---1949）

∙AssociateProfessor（1949---1957）

∙Culturalaffairsofficer（1957-1964）

∙Professor,ColoradoUniversity（1964---）

∙Visitingprofessor,UniversityofBrazil,Coimbra

Publications:

∙“BackgroundsofAmericanLiteraryThought”（1952）

∙“BackgroundsofEuropeanLiterature”（1954）

3.Aboutthetitle:

Someterms:

thesadyoungmen

thelostgeneration

thebeatgeneration

theangryyoungmen

Someliteraryfigures:

GertrudeStein

E.Hemingway

F.ScottFitzgerald

Thetwenties:

∙aperiodinAmericanhistory

∙WW1（1914-1918）

∙economicdevelopment

∙attitudesoftheyoungpeople

∙itsliterature.

TheSadYoungMenandtheLostGeneration:

Rfertothesamegroupofpeople.ThefirstnamewascreatedandusedbyF.ScottFitzgeraldinhisbook“AlltheSadYoungMen”tonameagroupofwriterswhoexperiencedtheWorldWarIanddisillusionedandimmigratedtoEuropeandcamebacktoAmericaagainandwroteworkstoattack.andthesecondbyGertrudeSteinwhooncesaidtoErnestHemingway,“Oh,youareallofyoualostgeneration”（laterHemingwaypublicizeditwidelybyusingitasaprefacetohisnovelTheSunalsoRises）..Thesenameswereappliedtothedisillusionedyoungintellectuals,whowerecutofffromtheoldvaluesandyetunabletocometotermswiththeneweraaftertheWWIandaesthetesoftheyearsfollowingtheWWI,whorebelledagainstformeridealsandvalues,butcouldreplacethemonlybydespairoracynicalhedonism.Sotheyrebelledagainstsocialconventionsbyalikdofdespairorcynicalhedonism.（享乐主义）.

WhenthefirstWorldWarbrokeout,manyidealisticyoungAmericansvolunteeredtotakepartinthe“wartoendwars”andtesttheirownbraverybeforetheUSAdeclaredwarin1917.Theydiscoveredthatmodernwarfarewasnotgloriousorheroic.TheysawthebestyouthofEnglandandFrancebeingslaughteredandattheend,theysawtheiridealsforabetterworldbeingbargainedawayforpowerandprofitbytheworld'sleadersinthetreatyofVersailles.

LostGeneration:

groupofexpatriate（移居国外）AmericanwritersresidingprimarilyinParisduringthe1920sand1930s.Thegroupneverformedacohesiveliterarymovement,butitconsistedofmanyinfluentialAmericanwriters,includingErnestHemingway,F.ScottFitzgerald,WilliamCarlosWilliams,ThorntonWilder,ArchibaldMacLeish,andHartCrane.ThegroupwasgivenitsnamebytheAmericanwriterGertrudeStein,who,inaconversationwithHemingway,usedanexpressionshehadheardfromagaragemanager,unegénerationperdue（“alostgeneration”）,torefertoexpatriateAmericansbitterabouttheirWorldWarI（1914-1918）experiencesanddisillusionedwithAmericansociety.Hemingwaylaterusedthephraseasanepigraph（引语）forhisnovelTheSunAlsoRises（1926）.

Whatisit?

   TheLostGenerationisatermusedtodescribeagroupofAmericanwriterswhowererebellingagainstwhatAmericahadbecomebythe1900’s.Atthispointintime,Americahadbecomeagreatplaceto,“gointosomeareaofbusiness”（Crunden,185）.However,theLostGenerationwritersfeltthatAmericawasnotsuchasuccessstorybecausethecountrywasdevoidofacosmopolitanculture.TheirsolutiontothisissuewastopackuptheirbagsandtraveltoEurope’scosmopolitancultures,suchasParisandL