英语六级阅读练习含答案.docx

英语六级阅读练习含答案.docx

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英语六级阅读练习含答案

2010年12月英语六级阅读练习

Text1:

Itisfashionablenowadaystotalkabout"Englishes"—surelyoneoftheleastattractiveofrecentcoinages.ButitisanindicationthatthegreatcommunityofusersofEnglisharenowconsciousofthefactthattheydonotallhaveexactlythesameaccent,orhabitofgrammarandidiom,orvocabulary.Theyhaveachoice,andtheyintendtouseit.HowdoesBritainstandinthiscomparison?

WhatistheroleoftheBritishCouncil,andotherBritisheducationalinterests?

HowdoesamajorinitiativeliketheCobuildprojectfurthertheimageofBritainabroad?

BornwithEnglish

　　InBritainonthewholewedonothavemuchofachoice.Wecantakestepstomodifyourlanguagealittle,andtherearesomefamousrecentexamplesoftheperilsattendingthatpolicy.Butbyandlargewejustusethelanguagethatsomehowemergesinearlydevelopmentandusuallyseemsadequateforourdailycommunicationneeds.恒星英语学习网

　　WeshouldneverforgetwhatanassetitistousallthatthislanguageisEnglish.EveryonewhohasEnglishasabirthrighthasaninbuilt（固有的）advantageininternationalcommunication.Notonlyarewesparedthetroubleandexpenseofmasteringthelanguagelateron,wealsohaveaccesstoamasteryofitwhichisofsuchhighqualitythatfewforeignerseverreachthesamelevel.

　　SuchanassetbeatsNorthSeaOilhandsdown.Itmustbeworthbillionsofpoundsayearanditisrenewedsolelybytheoperationofnormalsocialprocesses.OnlyEnglish

　　Therearesomedisadvantageswhichmustatleastbementioned.WeinBritainareindangerofturningthisassetintoarrogance,insularityandcomplacency.Sincethereisnocommercialpressureonustolearnanyparticularforeignlanguage,wetendasanationtobeverybadlearnersofotherlanguages..Thiscutsusofffromtheabilitytoappreciatefullythecultureofothers,anddeniesustheabilitytomakethewonderfuloutwardgestureofusingsomeoneelse’sownlanguage.Bothpersonallyandcommercially,mostBritishpeopledonotknowwhattheyaremissing,andourcompetitorsarewellabletotakeadvantageofthisweakness.

　　Busyandimportantpeoplenowadaystravelalotandfindthemselvesfrequentlyattendingmeetingsandgivingtalks,whichhavetobeinEnglishalthougheveryoneelsesharesacommonlanguage.Itwouldimprovethesituationifoneachoccasiontheunfortunatemonolingualweretogiveasimpleandsincereapology.Theoldadage（格言）»thatifyoujustspeakEnglishloudlyenougheveryonewillunderstand,istruerthaneverbefore,butisgettinglessandlesseffective.

　　Inpracticalterms,ofcourse,thepersonrestrictedtoEnglishcouldnotbeexpectedtospeakallsortsofotherlanguages,andthisisaninhibitingfactor—anyoneelseknowsexactlywhichlanguageisbestworthinvestingin.ButwenativespeakersofEnglishshouldalwaysbekeptconsciousofthefactthatwefrequentlyforceourfriends,customersandcolleaguesintoadisadvantageousposition.WhichEnglish?

　　TheEnglishlanguagehasbeensosuccessfullyexportedroundtheworldthatthenativespeakersnolongerhavecontroloverit.Theyarenowinasnowminority,forastart,andtoday’slearnersofEnglisharenotlearningitparticularlytotalktoEnglishmen,butalsototalktoeachother.Theveryfeaturesthatdistinguishnativespeakersdisqualifythemfromkeydiscussionslike"WhichisthebestEnglish?

"

　　TherearealotofgoodmodelsofEnglishavailable.AswellasBritishEnglishthereisAmericanEnglish,theotherworld-widemodel,.withCanadian,Australian,NewZealandandSouthAfricanEnglishalsoavailableasprominentmodels.

　　AndwhatabouttheEnglishwhichisestablishedasasecondlanguageinmanyCommonwealthcountries?

IndianEnglish,WestAfricanEnglish,WestIndianEnglish,SingaporeanEnglishandothershaveadaptedtolocalcircumstancesovermanyyearsandareintheprocessofbeingre-exported.Becausetheyareusedintheeverydaylivesofmillionsofnon-nativespeakers,theyhavefeatureswhichcouldmakethemveryattractiveaspracticalalternativestoanativespeakervariety.Whennativespeakingteachersarenotwelcomepoliticallyinacountry,forexample,therewillbefoundplentyofwell-qualifiedandexperiencedcolleaguesfromsuchcountries.

　　Further,wearewitnessatthepresenttimetothedevelopmentofEnglishasanadditionallanguageinanumberofcommunitieswhichhaveacommonlanguagealreadyandwhichareundernopoliticalpressuretoadoptEnglish.PeoplefromScandinavia,WestGermanyandHolland,forinstance,haveEnglishavailableasamatterofcourse.Theirwayofteachingitismovingfromtheconcernsofaccesstoaforeignculture—thegreatliteratureetc.—totheprioritiesofaworkinglanguageinacommunity—howtogetthingsdone.Gradually,forinternationalmatters,itwillbemoresensibletouseEnglishratherthantranslate.Englishlanguagefilmswillnotbedubbed（配音）orsubtitledanymore.Englishlanguagejournalismwillbeeditedandreadbyforeigncommunities,andgraduallywrittenbythemalso.

　　VerysoontherewillbepowerfulnewmodelsofEnglishofferedtotheworld—modelswhichcanclaimtohavearisenwithouttheattentionsofnativespeakers,tohavenoneofthemystique,andyettobeusableastheprincipallanguageofexternalandpublicaffairs.Thesemodelswillderiveauthorityfromanimpressivegroupofscholarsandadministratorswhomustneverbeoverlooked—thethousandsofexpertsonEnglishandtheteachingofitwhoarenotthemselvesnativespeakers.InPractice

　　Practicalityisakeyfeatureofanyone’schoiceofalanguagemodel.Quiteapartfromthevariousreasonsadvancedabove,thelearnermayinanactualsituationhaveaveryrestrictedchoiceoflanguagemodels,intheavailableteachersandinaccesstomaterials.Recordedmaterialandradioandtelevisiontransmissionsofferalternatives,buttheymayconfuseasmuchasextendthechoiceavailabletothelearner.

　　Teachersandlearnersjusthavetomakethebestofwhatisavailabletothematthetimeandintheplacewheretheyareworking.Thesustainedeffortsofauthors,scholarsandpublishersarekeyfactorsinthestrongpresenceofBritishEnglishabroad,andinthemaintenanceofthatpresence.

　　Pronunciationisagoodcasewithwhichtoillustratethispoint.Throughouttheworld,learnersofBritishEnglishareaimingatapronunciationthatfewoftheirteachersuse—theReceivedPronunciation（RP）associatedwiththepublicschools.ThereasonisthatRPisthevarietyofEnglishwhichisbestdocumentedandmostreadilyavailableinteachingmaterials.Becauseofitsorigins,itisunassailableasamodelandcontributestotheelitistatmosphereoftheBritishvarietyofEnglish.

　　Butifweputthesecompellingargumentstooneside,andviewitdispassionately,RPisnotaveryusefulmodelofpronunciation.Ithassomeverycomplexsoundcombinations,particularlydiphthongs,anditisnotverycloselyrelatedtothespellingsystem.Unlikeothervarieties,RPspeakersmakemuchthesamenoisesayingpoor,paw,pour,andpore,anddonotdistinguishbetweenionandiron.SoitisnotthelinguisticfeaturesofRPthatgiveitsuchanappeal,butitssocialstatusand,aboveall,itsavailabilityintheclassroom.

　　1.GA（generalAmericanpronunciation）isbecomingmoreandmorepopularwithBritishyouth.

　　2.Britishnativespeakersareignorantofculturesinothercountries.

　　3.TheEnglishlanguageisdiverseingrammar,vocabulary,orpronunciation.

　　4.Englishislearnedtocommunicatewithnativespeakers.

　　5.RPisappealinginthatitsstatusispeculiar.来源：

恒星英语

　　6.ItisnottroublesomeatalltosubstitutequalifiedEnglishteachersfornativespeakingteachers.

　　7.Choiceofalanguagemodelisdeterminedbyitspopularity.

　　8.NativespeakersofEnglishhaveaninnateadvantagein______communication.

　　9.CompetitorsofEnglishspeakersmaywelltakeadvantageoftheweakness—mostBritishpeopledonotknow______.

　　10.NewmodelsofEnglisharelikelytoemergewithoutthe______.

　　1.NG2.N3.Y4.N5.Y6.Y7.N

　　8.international9.whattheyaremissing10.attentionsofnativespeakers

Text2:

Aresomepeoplebornclever,andothersbornstupid?

Orisintelligencedevelopedbyourenvironmentandourexperiences?

Strangelyenough,theanswertoboththesequestionsisyes.Tosomeextentourintelligenceisgivenusatbirth,andnoamountofspecialeducationcanmakeageniusoutofachildbornwithlowintelligence.Ontheotherhand,achildwholivesinaboringenvironmentwilldevelophisintelligencelessthanonewholivesinrichandvariedsurroundings.Thusthelimitsofaperson'sintelligencearefixedatbirth,butwhetherornothereachesthoselimitswilldependonhisenvironment.Thisview,nowheldbymostexperts,canbesupportedinanumberofways.

　　Itiseasytoshowthatintelligenceistosomeextentsomethingwearebornwith.Thecloserthebloodrelationshipbetweentwopeople,theclosertheyarelikelytobeinintelligence.Thusifwetaketwounrelatedpeopleatrandom（任意的）fromthepopulation,

　　itislikelythattheirdegreesofintelligencewillbecompletelydifferent.Ifontheotherhandwetaketwoidentical（完全相同的）twinstheywillverylikelybeasintelligentaseachother.Relationslikebrothersandsisters,parentsandchildren,usuallyhavesimilarintelligence,andthisclearlysuggeststhatintelligencedependsonbirth.来源：

　　Imaginenowthatwetaketwoidenticaltwinsandputthemindifferentenvironments.Wemightsendone,forexample,toauniversityandtheothertoafactorywheretheworkisboring.Wewouldsoonfinddifferencesinintelligencedeveloping,a