雅思模拟试题3阅读.docx
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雅思模拟试题3阅读
ReadingTest3
ALLANSWERSMUSTBEWRITTENONTHEANSWERSHEET.
Thetestisdividedasfollows:
ReadingPassage1Questions1to14
ReadingPassage2Questions15to28
ReadingPassage3Questions29to40
Startatthebeginningofthetestandworkthroughit.Youshouldanswerallthequestions.Ifyoucannotdoaparticularquestionleaveitandgoontothenextone,YOUcanreturntoitlater.
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TIMEALLOWED:
60MINUTES
NUMBEROFQUESTIONS:
40
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Readingpassage1
Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions1-14,whicharebasedonReadingPassage1.
Unmaskingskin
AIfyoutookoffyourskinandlaiditflat,itwouldcoveranareaofabouttwenty-onesquarefeet,makingitbyfarthebody’slargestorgan.Drapedinplaceoverourbodies,skinformsthebarrierbetweenwhat’sinsideusandwhat’soutside.Itprotectsusfromamultitudeofexternalforces.Itservesasanavenuetoourmostintimatephysicalandpsychologicalselves.
BThisimperviousyetpermeablebarrier,lessthanamillimetrethickinplaces,iscomposedofthreelayers.Theoutermostlayeristhebloodlessepidermis.Thedermisincludescollagen,elastin,andnerveendings.Theinnermostlayer,subcutaneousfat,containstissuethatactsasanenergysource,cushionandinsulatorforthebody.
CFromthesefamiliarcharacteristicsofskinemergetheProfoundmysteriesoftouch,arguablyourmostessentialsourceofsensorystimulation.Wecanlivewithoutseeingorhearing-infact,withoutanyofourothersenses.Butbabiesbornwithouteffectivenerveconnectionsbetweenskinandbraincanfailtothriveandmayevendie.
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DLaboratoryexperimentsdecadesago,nowconsideredunethicalandinhumane,keptbabymonkeysfrombeingtouchedbytheirmothers.Itmadenodifferencethatthebabiescouldsee,hearandsmelltheirmothers;withouttouching,thebabiesbecameapathetic,andfailedtoprogress.
EForhumans,insufficienttouchinginearlyyearscanhavelifelongresults.‘Intouchingcultures,adultaggressionislowwhereasincultureswheretouchislimited,adultaggressionishigh,’writesTiffanyField,directoroftheTouchResearchInstitutesattheUniversityofMiamiSchoolofMedicine.Studiesofavarietyofculturesshowacorrespondencebetweenhighratesofphysicalaffectioninchildhoodandlowratesofadultphysicalviolence.
FWhiletheeffectsoftouchingareeasytounderstand,themechanicsofitarelessso.Yourskinhasmillionsofnervecellsofvariousshapesatdifferentdepths,’explainsStanleyBolanowski,aneuroscientistandassociatedirectoroftheInstituteforSensoryResearchatSyracuseUniversity.‘Whenthenervecellsarestimulated,physicalenergyistransformedintoenergyusedbythenervoussystemandpassedfromtheskintothespinalcordandbrain.It’scalledtransduction,andnooneknowsexactlyhowittakesplace.’Sufficeittosaythattheprocessinvolvestheintricate,split-secondoperationofacomplexsystemofsignalsbetweenneuronsintheskinandbrain.
GThisisstartingtosoundveryconfusinguntilBolanowskisays:
‘Insimpletermspeopleperceivethreebasicthingsviaskin:
pressure,temperature,andpain.’AndthenI’msurehe’swrong.‘WhenIgetwet,myskinfeelswet,’Iprotest.‘Closeyoureyesandleanback,’saysBolanowski.
HSomethingcoldandwetisonmyforehead-sowet,infact,thatIwaitforwatertostartdrippingdownmycheeks.‘Openyoureyes,’Bolanowskisays,showingmethatthesensationcomesfromachilled,butdry,metalcylinder.Thecombinationofpressureandcold,heexplains,iswhatmakesmyskinperceivewetness.Hegivesmeasurgicalglovetoputonandhasmeputafingerinaglassofcoldwater.Myfingerfeelswet,eventhoughIhavevisualproofthatit’snottouchingwater.Myskin,whichseemedsoreliable,hasbeendeceivingmemyentirelife.WhenIshowerorwashmyhands,Inowrealize,myskinfeelspressureandtemperature.It’smybrainthatsaysIfeelwet.
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IPerceptionsofpressure,temperatureandpainmanifestthemselvesinmanydifferentways.Gentlestimulationofpressurereceptorscanresultinticklishness;gentlestimulationofpainreceptors,initching.Bothsensationsarisefromaneurologicaltransmission,notfromsomethingthatphysicallyexists.Skin,I’mrealizing,isunderconstantassault,bothfromwithinthebodyandfromforcesoutside.Repairsoccurwithvaryingsuccess.
JTakethespotwhereInickedmyselfwithaknifewhileslicingfruit.Ihaveacrustyscabsurroundedbypinktissueaboutaquarterinchlongonmyrightpalm.Underthescab,epidermalcellsaremigratingintothewoundtocloseitup.Whentheprocessiscomplete,thescabwillfallofftorevealnewepidermis.It’sonlybeenafewdays,butmylittleself-repairisalmostcomplete.Likewise,werecoverquicklyfromslightburns.Ifyoueverhappentotouchahotburner,justputyourfingerincoldwater.Thechancesareyouwillhavenoblister,littlepainandnoscar.Severeburns,though,areadifferentmatter.
Questions1-4
Thepassagehas10paragraphsA-J.
Whichparagraphcontainsthefollowinginformation
WritethecorrectletterA-Jinboxes1-4onyouranswersheet.
》
1thefeaturesofhumanskin,onandbelowthesurface
2anexperimentinwhichthewritercallseewhatishappening
3adviceonhowyoucanavoiddamagetotheskin
4cruelresearchmethodsusedinthepast
Questions5and6
Choosethecorrectletter,A,B,CorD.
Writeyouranswersinboxes5and6onyouranswersheet.
5Howdoesalackofaffectionatetouchingaffectchildren
【
AItmakesthemapathetic.
BTheyaremorelikelytobecomeviolentadults.
CTheywillbelessaggressivewhentheygrowup.
DWedonotreallyknow.
6Afterthe‘wetness’experiments,thewritersaysthat
Ahisskinisnotnormal.
Bhisskinwaswetwhenitfeltwet.
Cheknewwhyitfeltwetwhenitwasdry.
Dtheexperimentstaughthimnothingnew.
、
Questions7-11
CompleteeachsentencewiththecorrectendingA-Ifromtheboxbelow.
WritethecorrectletterA-Iinboxes7-11onyouranswersheet.
7Touchisuniqueamongthefivesenses
8Asubstancemayfeelwet
9Somethingmaytickle
10Theskinmayitch
*
11Asmallcuthealsupquickly
Abecauseitisbothcoldandpainful.
Bbecausetheouterlayeroftheskincanmenditself.
Cbecauseitcanbeextremelythin.
Dbecausethereislightpressureontheskin.
Ebecausewedonotneedtheotherstosurvive.
Fbecausethereisagoodbloodsupplytotheskin.
Gbecauseofasmallamountofpain.
Hbecausethereisalowtemperatureandpressure.
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Ibecauseitishurtingalot.
Jbecauseallhumansarecapableofexperiencingit.
Questions12-14
DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninReadingPassage1
Inboxes12-14onyouranswersheetwrite
TRUEifthestatementagreeswiththeinformation
FALSEifthestatementcontradictstheinformation
>
NOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationonthis
12Evenscientistshavedifficultyunderstandinghowoursenseoftouchworks.
13Theskinismoresensitivetopressurethantotemperatureorpain.
14Thehumanskinisalwaysgoodatrepairingitself.
Readingpassage2
Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions15-27,whicharebasedon
ReadingPassage2.
】
Questions15-19
Readingpassage2hasfivesectionsA-E.
ChoosethemostsuitableheadingsforsectionsA-EfromthelistofheadingsbelowWritethecorrectnumberi-xinboxes15-19onyouranswersheet.
Listofheadings
iHowtomakethelocksinyourhomemoresecure
iiHowtoopenalockwithoutakey
iiiChoosingtherighttoolstoopenlocks
}
ivThecylinderandthebolt
vHowtoopenalockwithadifferentkey
viLockvarieties
viiHowabasicdeadboltsystemworks
viiiThepeoplewhoopenlockswithoutakey
ixHowacylinderlockworks
xHowtopickdifferentkindsoflock
15SectionA
16SectionB
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17SectionC
18SectionD
19SectionE
HowLockPickingWorks
SectionA
Lockpickingisanessentialskillforlocksmithsbecauseitletsthemgetpastalockwithoutdestroyingit.Whenyoulockyourselfoutofyourhouseorloseyourkey,alocksmithcanletyoubackinveryeasily.
Lock-pickingskillsarenotparticularlycommonamongburglars,mainlybecausetherearesomanyothersimplerwaysofbreakingintoahouse(throwingabrickthroughabackwindowforexample).Forthemostpart,onlyintruderswhoneedtocovertheirtracks,suchasspiesanddetectives,willbothertopicka
,
Simplyunderstandingtheprinciplesoflockpickingmaychangeyourwholeattitudetowardlocksandkeys.Lockpickingclearlydemonstratesthatnormallocksarenotinfallibledevices.Theyprovidealevelofsecuritythatcanbebreachedwithminimaleffort.Withtherighttools,adeterminedintrudercanbreakintoalmostanything,
SectionB
Locksmithsdefinelock-pickingasthemanipulationofalock’scomponentstoopenalockwithoutakey.Tounderstandlock-picking,then,youfirstnavetoknowhowlocksandkeyswork.
Thinkaboutthenormaldeadboltlockyoumightfindonafrontdoor.Inthissortoflock,amovablebeltorlatchisembeddedinthedoorsoitcanbeextendedouttotheside.Thisboltislinedupwithanotchintheframe.Whenyouturnthelock,thebeltextendsintothenotchineframe,sothedoorcan’tmove.Whenyouretracttheboltthedoormovesfreely.Thelock’sonlyjobistomakeitsimpleforsomeonewithakeytomovethebeltbutdifficultforsomeonewithoutakeytomoveit.
SectionC
Themostwidely-usedlockdesignisthecylinderlock.Inthiskind,thekeyturnsacylinderinthemiddleofthelock,whichturnstheattachedmechanism.Whenthecylin