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physiopaper
Physiology
Youhave136questionsinthisexam.
1.Ourown"internalfluidenvironment"isconsideredtobeconstitutedof:
A.interstitialfluid,bloodplasma,cytoplasmandcerebrospinalfluid
B.Ocularfluid,interstitialfluid,bloodplasma,cytoplasm
C.cerebrospinalfluid,ocularfluid,interstitialfluidandbloodplasma
D.cytoplasm,cerebrospinalfluid,ocularfluidandinterstitialfluid
E.noneoftheabove
Showanswer
CorrectAnswer:
C
2.Whichofthefollowingisahomeostaticresponsetoalowbloodglucoseconcentration.
A.decreasedfoodintake
B.decreasedsecretionofglucagon
C.increasedsecretionofepinephrine
D.increasedsecretionofinsulin
E.noneoftheabove
Showanswer
CorrectAnswer:
C
3.Anequilibriumconditionexistswhen:
A.asystemisinahomeostaticstate
B.asystemisinasteady-state
C.asystemhasopposingforcesthatcounteractoneanother
D.asystemthatinvolvesfeedback
E.alloftheabove
Showanswer
CorrectAnswer:
C
4.Onecellis50æmindiameterwhereasanotheris100æmindiameter.Itwouldtakeanunchargedmoleculehowlongtocrossthelattercomparedtotheformer.
A.sametime
B.twiceaslong
C.fourtimesaslong
D.eighttimesaslong
E.noneoftheabove
Showanswer
CorrectAnswer:
C
5.Whatistheosmoticpressure（ã-inatmospheres）at37øCofa100mMglucosesolutioniftheproductofthegasconstantandtemperatureisequalto25.
A.0.25
B.2.50
C.25.0
D.250
E.2500
Showanswer
CorrectAnswer:
B
6.Mammalianextracellularfluid（ECF）developsanosmoticpressure（ã）ofabout7.6atmospheres.IfRT=25,whatistheosmolarityoftheECF?
A.0.19M
B.3.3M
C.0.3M
D.30M
E.300M
Showanswer
CorrectAnswer:
C
7.Thecombinedvolume（inliters）ofredbloodcellsandplasmaintheaverage70Kgmanisapproximately:
A.1L
B.2L
C.3L
D.4L
E.5L
Showanswer
CorrectAnswer:
E
8.Thephysicalpropertiesofwaterincludethefollowing:
A.itformssolventshellsaroundions
B.itreduceselectrostaticattractionbetweenions
C.itisadipole
D.itiscohesive
E.alloftheabove
Showanswer
CorrectAnswer:
E
9.Theregulatoryvolumedecrease（RVD）ofacellcanbedueto.
A.activationoftheNa/Kpump
B.exportofK+
C.exportofNa+
D.importoftaurine
E.importofsorbitol
Showanswer
CorrectAnswer:
B
10.Whichofthefollowingfeaturesdescribepropertiesofthevoltage-gatedNa+channel.
A.channelisactivatedbydepolarizationofthemembrane
B.ithasamolecularregionthatconfersionselectivity
C.tetrodotoxinbindstothechannel
D.itconsistsoffourdomainswithmembranespanningsegmentsineachdomain
E.alloftheabove
Showanswer
CorrectAnswer:
E
11.Ananalysisofthephysicalstructureofthenicotinicacetylcholinereceptorindicatesthat:
A.mostoftheaminoacidresiduesliewithinthelipidbilayerincludingtheM1-M4regions
B.TheM1-M4regionsarehydrophilicandthemajorityoftheotherresidueslieoutsidethebilayer
C.themajorityofaminoacidresidueslieoutsidethebilayerandthattheM1-M4regionsarehydrophobic
D.theM1-M4regionsarehydrophilicunitsthatlieoutsidethebilayerandtheremainderoftheresiduesliewithinthebilayer.
E.noneoftheabove
Showanswer
CorrectAnswer:
C
12.Ingenerallipidbilayersare.
A.permeabletoionsandgasesbutimpermeabletosteroidhormones
B.permeabletoions,gasesandsteroidhormones
C.impermeabletoions,gasesandsteroidhormones
D.permeabletosteroidhormonesandgasesbutimpermeabletoions
E.noneoftheabove
Showanswer
CorrectAnswer:
D
13.Whichofthefollowingstatementscouldbeconsideredaccurateregardingthesetransporters.
A.theNa/K,Na/HCO3andNa/Ca2+transportersareallelectrogenic
B.theNa/KtransporteriselectrogenicbuttheNa/HCO3andNa/Catransportersarenot
C.theNa/K,Na/HCO3transportersareelectrogenicbuttheNa/Catransporterisnot
D.theNa/K,Na/HCO3andNa/Catransportersarenotelectrogenic
Showanswer
CorrectAnswer:
A
14.Whichofthefollowinggroupsofpumpsutilizeaniongradientastheirenergysourceformovingsolutes.
A.Na/K,Na/H,Na/HCO3
B.Na/H,Na/HCO3,Na/Ca
C.Ca-ATPase,Na/K,Na/H
D.Na/K,Na/Ca,Ca-ATPase
E.noneoftheabove
Showanswer
CorrectAnswer:
B
15.Reabsorptionofglucoseinthekidneyproximaltubule.
A.involvesanNa-glucosetransporterandanNa/KexchangerlocatedintheBLmembrane
B.involvesanNa-glucosetransporterandanNa/Kexchangerlocatedintheapicalmembrane
C.involvesanNa-glucosetransporterintheBLmembraneandanNa/Kexchangerintheapicalmembrane
D.involvesanNa-glucosetransporterintheapicalmembraneandanNa/KexchangerintheBLmembrane
E.noneoftheabove
Showanswer
CorrectAnswer:
E
16.Steroidhormonesproducetheireffectsby.
A.bindingtoreceptorsonthenuclearmembrane
B.bindingtoreceptorsonthecellmembrane
C.stimulatinghydrolysisofcellmembranelipids
D.stimulatingproductionofcAMP
E.noneoftheabove
Showanswer
CorrectAnswer:
E
17.Acurvilinearscatchardplotcouldsuggesttheinterpretationthat:
A.dataisnotinterpretable
B.thereisasingleassociationconstant
C.theligandbindstoauniformpoolofreceptors
D.therearelikelytwoormorepoolsofreceptorswithdifferentproperties
E.noneoftheabove
Showanswer
CorrectAnswer:
D
18.Ca2+ion.
A.isaco-activatorofprotein-kinaseC
B.hasalargeelectrochemicalgradientacrossthecellmembrane
C.ismaintainedatabout10-4mMinthecellcytoplasm
D.canbereleasedfromtheendoplasmicreticulum
E.alloftheabove
Showanswer
CorrectAnswer:
E
19.AcellhasaninternalK+concentrationof100mMandoutsidethecelltheK+concentrationis10mM.AssumingthemembraneisexclusivelypermeabletoK+ions,wecancalculatefromtheNernstequationthatthemembranepotentialis-60mV（useRT/Fz=60mV）.Iftheoutsideconcentrationissuddenlyincreasedten-fold,whatwouldthemembranepotentialbecome.
A.nochange
B.morenegative,butnot-120mV
C.-120mV
D.morepositive,butnotzero
E.zero
Showanswer
CorrectAnswer:
E
20.Bypassingcurrent（I）ofdifferentamplitudesacrossacellmembrane,wecanobtainacurrent-voltagerelationforthemembrane.Iftheslopeofthatrelationincreasesbutionconcentrationsdonot,wemightconcludethat:
A.theequilibriumpotentialforK+haschanged
B.thepotentialatwhichcurrentreversesitssignhaschanged
C.theresistanceofthemembranehasincreased
D.thenumberofopenporesinthemembranehasincreased
E.noneoftheabove
Showanswer
CorrectAnswer:
D
21.Ifthesumofthechemicalgradientandtheelectricalgradientacrossamembraneiszero,itimpliesthat:
A.thesystemisinasteady-state
B.solutescanbedriven"uphill"
C.Solutescanbedriven"downhill"
D.thatthesystemisinequilibrium
E.noneoftheabove
Showanswer
CorrectAnswer:
D
22.TheGibbs-Donnanequilibrium.
A.isaformalpresentationofthewayinwhichtherestingpotentialismaintained
B.presentsaformalrationaleforcolloidalosmoticpressure
C.usuallyproducesaboutan-80mVpotentialdifferencebetweentwocompartments
D.usuallyproducesaboutan+80mVpotentialdifferencebetweentwocompartments
E.noneoftheabove
Showanswer
CorrectAnswer:
B
23.Therestingmembranepotentialofacellisdefinedas:
A.theNa+equilibriumpotential
B.theK+equilibriumpotential
C.thepotentialdifference（Ein-Eout）acrossthecellmembrane
D.thepotentialdifference（Eout-Ein）acrossthecellmembrane
E.noneoftheabove
Showanswer
CorrectAnswer:
C
24.Ifthemeasuredrestingmembranepotential（Er）ofacellisfoundtobethesameastheK+equilibriumpotential（EK）,itimpliesthat:
A.Cl-ionshavethesameequilibriumpotentialattherestingpotential
B.Naionshaveamorepositiveequilibriumpotentialthantherestingpotential
C.thatnootherionspeciesotherthanK+hasasignificantpermeabilityintherestingstate
D.thatthedistributionofallionspeciescontributetotherestingpotential
E.noneoftheabove
Showanswer
CorrectAnswer:
C
25.Nitricoxidecouldbebestdescribedas:
A.amembranereceptor
B.aG-coupledprotein
C.anintracellularsecondmessengeractivatedbyaG-coupledprotein
D.aparacrinesignalingagentthatisreleasedlocallyandeffectsnearbycells
E.beingactivatedbycyclicAMP
Showanswer
CorrectAnswer:
D
26.Whichofthefollowingaretruestatementsconcerningbodywater.
A.totalbodywaterinmalesisabout40Landabout30Linfemales
B.intracellularwatervolumeisgreaterthanextracellularvolume
C.thevolumeofredbloodcellsisincludedinintracellularvolume
D.bloodplasmaisanextracellularfluidwithavolumeofabout3Lina70Kgmanandabout2Lina50Kgwoman
E.alloftheabove
Showanswer
CorrectAnswer:
E
27.Thetimerequiredforamoleculetodiffuseacrossaninterstitialfluidlayer1mminthicknessasopposedtoacell10mmindiameteris:
A.10timesaslong
B.0.01timesaslong
C.0.1timesaslong
D.halfaslong
E.100timesaslong
Showanswer
CorrectAnswer:
B
28.Substanceswithhighoil:
waterpartitioncoefficientsreadilypermeatecellmembranes.Whichgrouphashighcoefficients.
A.peptides,steroidhormones,oxygen
B.steroidhormones,oxygen,ions
C.oxygen,ions,carbondioxide
D.ions,carbondioxide,steroidhormones
E.carbondioxide,steroidhormon
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