数学词汇.docx

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数学词汇

1.Logic        

∃        thereexist

∀        forall

p⇒q        pimpliesq/ifp,thenq

p⇔q        pifandonlyifq/pisequivalenttoq/pandqareequivalent

2.Sets        

x∈A        xbelongstoA/xisanelement(oramember)ofA

x∉A        xdoesnotbelongtoA/xisnotanelement(oramember)ofA

A⊂B        AiscontainedinB/AisasubsetofB

A⊃B        AcontainsB/BisasubsetofA

A∩B        AcapB/AmeetB/AintersectionB

A∪B        AcupB/AjoinB/AunionB

A\B        AminusB/thediferencebetweenAandB

A×B        AcrossB/thecartesianproductofAandB

3.Realnumbers        

x+1        xplusone

x-1        xminusone

x±1        xplusorminusone

xy        xy/xmultipliedbyy

        

(x-y)(x+y)        xminusy,xplusy

        

xy        xovery

=        theequalssign

x=5        xequals5/xisequalto5

x≠5        x(is)notequalto5

x≡y        xisequivalentto(oridenticalwith)y

x≡y        xisnotequivalentto(oridenticalwith)y

x>y        xisgreaterthany

x≥y        xisgreaterthanorequaltoy

x

x≤y        xislessthanorequaltoy

0

0≤x≤1        zeroislessthanorequaltoxislessthanorequalto1

|x|        modx/modulusx

x2        xsquared/x(raised)tothepower2

x3        xcubed

x4        xtothefourth/xtothepowerfour

xn        xtothenth/xtothepowern

x−n        xtothe(power)minusn

x        (square)rootx/thesquarerootofx

x3        cuberoot(of)x

x4        fourthroot(of)x

xn        nthroot(of)x

(x+y)2        xplusyallsquared

(xy)2        xoveryallsquared

n!

        nfactorial

x^        xhat

x¯        xbar

x˜        xtilde

xi        xi/xsubscripti/xsuffixi/xsubi

∑i=1nai        thesumfromiequalsonetonai/thesumasirunsfrom1tonoftheai

4.Linearalgebra        

‖x‖        thenorm(ormodulus)ofx

OA→        OA/vectorOA

OA¯        OA/thelengthofthesegmentOA

AT        Atranspose/thetransposeofA

A−1        Ainverse/theinverseofA

5.Functions        

f(x)        fx/fofx/thefunctionfofx

f:

S→T        afunctionffromStoT

x→y        xmapstoy/xissent(ormapped)toy

f'(x)        fprimex/fdashx/the(first)derivativeoffwithrespecttox

f''(x)        fdouble-primex/fdouble-dashx/thesecondderivativeoffwithrespecttox

f'''(x)        triple-primex/ftriple-dashx/thethirdderivativeoffwithrespecttox

f(4)(x)        ffourx/thefourthderivativeoffwithrespecttox

∂f∂x1        thepartial(derivative)offwithrespecttox1

∂2f∂x12        thesecondpartial(derivative)offwithrespecttox1

∫0∞        theintegralfromzerotoinfinity

lim⁡x→0        thelimitasxapproacheszero

lim⁡x→0+        thelimitasxapproacheszerofromabove

lim⁡x→0−        thelimitasxapproacheszerofrombelow

logey        logytothebasee/logtothebaseeofy/naturallog(of)y

ln⁡y        logytothebasee/logtothebaseeofy/naturallog(of)y

一般词汇

      数学mathematics,maths(BrE),math(AmE)

      公理axiom

      定理theorem

      计算calculation

      运算operation

      证明prove

      假设hypothesis,hypotheses(pl.)

      命题proposition

      算术arithmetic

      加plus(prep.),add(v.),addition(n.)

      被加数augend,summand

      加数addend

      和sum

      减minus(prep.),subtract(v.),subtraction(n.)

      被减数minuend

      减数subtrahend

      差remainder

      乘times(prep.),multiply(v.),multiplication(n.)

      被乘数multiplicand,faciend

      乘数multiplicator

      积product

      除dividedby(prep.),divide(v.),division(n.)

      被除数dividend

      除数divisor

      商quotient

      等于equals,isequalto,isequivalentto

      大于isgreaterthan

      小于islesserthan

      大于等于isequalorgreaterthan

      小于等于isequalorlesserthan

      运算符operator

      数字digit

      数number

      自然数naturalnumber

      整数integer

      小数decimal

      小数点decimalpoint

      分数fraction

      分子numerator

      分母denominator

      比ratio

      正positive

      负negative

      零null,zero,nought,nil

      十进制decimalsystem

      二进制binarysystem

      十六进制hexadecimalsystem

      权weight,significance

      进位carry

      截尾truncation

      四舍五入round

      下舍入rounddown

      上舍入roundup

      有效数字significantdigit

      无效数字insignificantdigit

      代数algebra

      公式formula,formulae(pl.)

      单项式monomial

      多项式polynomial,multinomial

      系数coefficient

      未知数unknown,x-factor,y-factor,z-factor

      等式,方程式equation

      一次方程simpleequation

      二次方程quadraticequation

      三次方程cubicequation

      四次方程quarticequation

      不等式inequation

      阶乘factorial

      对数logarithm

      指数,幂exponent

      乘方power

      二次方,平方square

      三次方,立方cube

      四次方thepoweroffour,thefourthpower

      n次方thepowerofn,thenthpower

      开方evolution,extraction

      二次方根,平方根squareroot

      三次方根,立方根cuberoot

      四次方根therootoffour,thefourthroot

      n次方根therootofn,thenthroot

      集合aggregate

      元素element

      空集void

      子集subset

      交集intersection

      并集union

      补集complement

      映射mapping

      函数function

      定义域domain,fieldofdefinition

      值域range

      常量constant

      变量variable

      单调性monotonicity

      奇偶性parity

      周期性periodicity

      图象image

      数列,级数series

      微积分calculus

      微分differential

      导数derivative

      极限limit

      无穷大infinite(a.)infinity(n.)

      无穷小infinitesimal

      积分integral

      定积分definiteintegral

      不定积分indefiniteintegral

      有理数rationalnumber

      无理数irrationalnumber

      实数realnumber

      虚数imaginarynumber

      复数complexnumber

      矩阵matrix

      行列式determinant

      几何geometry

      点point

      线line

      面plane

      体solid

      线段segment

      射线radial

      平行parallel

      相交intersect

      角angle

      角度degree

      弧度radian

      锐角acuteangle

      直角rightangle

      钝角obtuseangle

      平角straightangle

      周角perigon

      底base

      边side

      高height

      三角形triangle

      锐角三角形acutetriangle

      直角三角形righttriangle

      直角边leg

      斜边hypotenuse

      勾股定理Pythagoreantheorem

      钝角三角形obtusetriangle

      不等边三角形scalenetriangle

      等腰三角形isoscelestriangle

      等边三角形equilateraltriangle

      四边形quadrilateral

      平行四边形parallelogram

      矩形rectangle

      长length

      宽width

      菱形rhomb,rhombus,rhombi(pl.),diamond

      正方形square

      梯形trapezoid

      直角梯形righttrapezoid

      等腰梯形isoscelestrapezoid

      五边形pentagon

      六边形hexagon

      七边形heptagon

      八边形octagon

      九边形enneagon

      十边形decagon

      十一边形hendecagon

      十二边形dodecagon

      多边形polygon

      正多边形equilateralpolygon

      圆circle

      圆心centre(BrE),center(AmE)

      半径radius

      直径diameter

      圆周率pi

      弧arc

      半圆semicircle

      扇形sector

      环ring

      椭圆ellipse

      圆周circumference

      周长perimeter

      面积area

      轨迹locus,loca(pl.)

      相似similar

      全等congruent

      四面体tetrahedron

      五面体pentahedron

      六面体hexahedron

      平行六面体parallelepiped

      立方体cube

      七面体heptahedron

      八面体octahedron

      九面体enneahedron

      十面体decahedron

      十一面体hendecahedron

      十二面体dodecahedron

      二十面体icosahedron

      多面体polyhedron

      棱锥pyramid

      棱柱prism

      棱台frustumofaprism

      旋转rotation

      轴axis

      圆锥cone

      圆柱cylinder

      圆台frustumofacone

      球sphere

      半球hemisphere

      底面undersurface

      表面积surfacearea

      体积volume

      空间space

      坐标系coordinates

      坐标轴x-axis,y-axis,z-axis

      横坐标x-coordinate

      纵坐标y-coordinate

      原点origin

      双曲线hyperbola

      抛物线parabola

      三角trigonometry

      正弦sine

      余弦cosine

      正切tangent

      余切cotangent

      正割secant

      余割cosecant

      反正弦arcsine

      反余弦arccosine

      反正切arctangent

      反余切arccotangent

      反正割arcsecant

      反余割arccosecant

   

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