考点50 短文填空之自由填空备战中考英语复习考点一遍过.docx

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考点50 短文填空之自由填空备战中考英语复习考点一遍过.docx

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考点50 短文填空之自由填空备战中考英语复习考点一遍过.docx

考点50短文填空之自由填空备战中考英语复习考点一遍过

考点五十短文填空之自由填空

把语法知识测试全部放在语篇中进行,旨在考查考生在语篇中综合运用语言知识的能力。

它不但要求考生有扎实的词汇、语法等基础知识和对句型结构的灵活运用能力,而且还要求考生有良好的语感和一定的阅读理解能力。

自由填空是中考短文填空中难度最大的,这种题目因题型的开放性和综合性而备受关注。

试题特点是一篇短文挖空8—10个单词,且没有任何提示,让考生根据短文内容自由填词,难度较大,主观性较强,有时可能出现多种答案。

二、满分技巧

1.解题步骤:

(1)快速浏览,了解大意。

对于简单把握的空,可以先填出来;

(2)上下求索,填出答案。

根据上下文及空格前后的逻辑关系,填出正确的词以及正确的形式;

(3)通读全文,检查确认。

特别要注意,根据文章意思,有些空是否要加入否定前缀。

无提示词的空格一般需要填入冠词、代词、介词、连词(并列连词和从属连词)等虚词。

(1)名词前面一般用冠词、代词或介词等。

(2)如果需要填入代词,就要考虑到是人称代词的主格、宾格或物主代词的变化、指示代词的用法;

(3)并列的两个或多个单词,短语,或句子之间设空,一般填入并列连词and,but,or等;

(4)两句之间,如果不是并列句,则很可能是主从句,因此需要填入从属连词(what,which,who,how,when等)。

或者是宾语从句,定语从句或者是状语从句的连接词。

这种空格需要同学们根据句子结构,分析到底是什么从句,从而选择合适的从属连词。

A

Manypeoplesaythattheyareworkingtoo____1____hours.Theydon’thavefreetimewiththeirfamilies.Theycan’ttakecare____2____thingsathome.Theydon’thavetimetorelax.

Workhoursare_____3____fromonecountrytoanother.InFrance,peoplespendabout1646hoursayearatwork.InJapanese,however,peopleworkabout2159hoursayear.ThatmeansaJapaneseworkerworks513morehoursayear_____4____aFrenchworker.Thatisabout12weekendsofextra(额外的)work!

_____5____dopeopleworksomanyhours?

Somepeopleworkextrahoursbecausetheywanttogetmoremoney,butmanycompaniesdon’tpay____6____extrawork.Thepeopleinthesecompaniesworkextrahoursbecausetheythinkit’stheirduty.Somepeopleareafraidtheywill_____7_____theirjobiftheydon’tworkextrahours.

Manypeoplesaythattheirvacationsaretooshort.InFrance,peoplegetfiveweeksofpaidvacation.InGermany,theygetaboutfourweeks.IntheUnitedStates,twoweeksof_____8_____istheaverage(平均).Andmanypeopledon’t_____9____alloftheirvacationdays.Inonesurvey,inEngland,fewerthanhalfofworkersusedalltheirvacationdays.InEnglish,peoplesay,"allworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy."Thatistrue,therearealotof____10____peopleintheworld.

B

VisitorstoJapanareoftenexcitedaboutthedeliciousfood,butmanypeoplearealittlenervous____1____whattodoatrestaurantsorinaJapanesehousehold.Soit’shelpfultoknowbasictable____2____beforegoingtoJapan.

____3____peopleuseknives,forks,spoonsandchopstickstoeat.Butchopsticksarethemost____4____utensils(用具).WhenyouareeatingdinnerwithsomeJapanesefriends,don’tdirectlypass____5____fromyourchopstickstosomebodyelse’schopsticks.It’salsoimportantnotto____6____chopsticksvertically(垂直地)intofood,especiallyintoabowlofrice.It’snot____7____tomoveyourchopsticksupanddownabovedishesortopointatsomebodywithyourchopsticks.

Itispolitetoliftsmallbowlsofriceorsoupwhenyoueat.It____8____youfromdroppingfood.

InJapan,itiscommontoslurp(吃时嘴唇发出很响的声音)while____9____noodles.Peoplesaythenoodlestastebetter____10____theymakeslurpingnoises.

C

WhenIfirstmetmyfifth-gradeteacher,Iwashappy.Sheseemedprettynice,soIwasexcitedto____1____awholeyearwithher.Everydaytheclasswoulddoawarm-upandthendiscussit.Wewouldalsoreadstories,singsongsandlearnaboutdifferentculturesaroundtheworld.IthoughtIwasveryluckytohavesuchagreat,kindandcaring____2____.

WhenDecembercamearound,myteachersuddenlystopped____3____toschool.Thewholeclassmissed____4____.Rumors(谣言)spreadaroundtheschoolabout____5____shedidn’tcometoschool.

"She’s____6____holiday,"somegirlsexplainedtoeachotherduringlunchtime.

"She’sgotreallytiredofusanddecided____7____toteachusanymore,"someboyssaid.

____8____nooneknewthetruth.

Fortherestoftheschoolyear,Ineversawheragain.Inthemiddleofthesixthgrade,Ireceivedadisturbing(令人不安的)message.Shehaddiedofcancer(癌症).I____9____veryupset.IwishIcouldvisitherinthehospital.WheneverIthinkabouther,Irememberallofthehappytimeswehadtogether.Becauseofher,Icanunderstandwhatmattersmosttome.Inevertoldherhowmuchshemeanttome.Andnowit’stoo____10____.

A(2019•天津市)

根据短文内容及首字母提示,填写所缺单词,使短文意思完整.每空限填一词。

ThevillagersinMhangeni,Africa.facedaverybigchallenge(挑战).Theydidn'thaveaschoolfortheirkids.

Thenthevillageelderthoughtofan

(1)i dea .Hesaidthattherewasanold,abandoned(废弃的)farmhouse.Itcouldbechangedintoclassroomsaftercleaningandfurnishing(装设备)it.Allthevillagerswere

(2)p leased withhissuggestionandstartedtheprojectimmediately.Theparentsrepairedthebrokenwalls.Somevillagers(3)d ivided thehouseintothreeclassroomsbyusingpiecesofwood.Theothershelpedmakedesksandchairsforthestudents.Still,therewasmuchmoreworktodo.Buttherainswerecoming.Theyhadto(4)s top workingfortheschoolasitwasnowthebesttimeforthemtoplant.

SothechildrenofMhangenidecidedtofinishthehouseby(5)t hemselves .Theyhadtohurryassummerhadendedandotherschoolshadalreadyopened.Theydidn'twanttodelay(耽搁)theirstudies.Everydaytheywerebusywithcuttingthegrassandclearingthebushes(灌木).

Thenewsabouttheproject(6)s pread andmanypeopleknewit.Twoteacherswhoworkedforthecountry'sDepartmentofEducationarrivedtohelpout.andtwoforeignvisitorswerealsotouched(感动)bythechildren's(7)a ctions .Theydonatedmoneyforthemtobuytextbooksandstationery.

After10daysofhardwork,thenewschoolwas(8)r eady .Thekidswereveryhappybutabitworried﹣theywerebehindintheirstudies.

Besides(除…之外)this,theyalsofacedmany(9)d ifficulties .Therewerenotenoughclassroomstoholdallthestudents.Andtwoorthreestudentshadtoshareonebook.

However,thechildrenarehappytostudyinschool﹣(10)e specially intheirnewschoolwhichtheyhelpedtobuild.Thoughtheirschoolmightnotbemodern,theirdreamofhavingaschoolneartheirhomeshascometrue.

【答案与解析】

【文章大意】非洲Mhangeni的村民面临一个严重的问题.他们村子没有学校,他们一起努力给孩子们建了一所学校,虽然学校很简陋,但是孩子们还是很开心能在学校学习.

1.idea【解析】考查名词;分析语境,此处表示:

村子里的老者想出来一个主意.i开头的单词,idea意见,想法.符合语境.故答案为:

idea.

2.pleased【解析】考查形容词;分析语境,此处表示:

所有的村民对他的建议很满意,并开始开始了这个工厂.p开头的单词,pleased满意的,bepleasedwith对……满意.符合语境.故答案为:

pleased.

3.divided【解析】考查动词;分析语境,此处表示:

有一些村民用一些木板把房子分成几个教室.d开头的单词,divide分开,divide……into把……分成……符合语境.根据语境,需要使用一般过去时,divide的过去式为divided.故答案为:

divided.

4.stop【解析】考查动词;分析语境,此处表示:

他们不得不停止工作,因为现在对他们来说,是最好的种植的时间.s开头,stop停止,stopdoing停止做.符合语境.hadto后面接动词原形.故答案为:

stop.

5.themselves【解析】考查反身代词;分析语境,此处表示:

所以,Mhangeni的孩子们决定自己完成这个房子,themselves他们自己,符合语境.故答案为:

themselves.

6.spread【解析】考查动词;此处意思为:

关于这个项目的消息传播出去,很多人都知道它了.s开头,spread传播,符合语境.根据语境,此处需要用一般过去时,spread的过去式是spread.故答案为:

spread.

7.actions【解析】考查名词;分析语境,此处表示:

而且,两个外国游客也被孩子们的行动感动了.a开头的词,action行动,可数名词,此处表示孩子们的行动,用可数名词的复数形式.故答案为:

actions.

8.ready【解析】考查形容词;分析语境,此处表示:

经过10天的努力工作后,新学校已经准备好了.r开头的词,ready准备好的.符合语境.故答案为:

ready.

9.difficulties【解析】考查名词;分析语境,此处表示:

除此之外,他们还面临了很多困难.d开头,difficulty困难,可数名词,前面有many,此处需要用名词复数形式.difficulty的复数形式是difficulties.故答案为:

difficulties.

10.especially【解析】考查副词;分析语境,此处表示:

然而,孩子们很开心在学校里学习﹣﹣尤其是在他们帮助建的新学校里.e开头的词,especially尤其.符合语境.故答案为:

especially.

B(2019•四川省自贡市)

将下列单词的适当形式填入空格.每空限填一词,每词只能用一次.

continuemakeplacecarefulwho

samestopbeforegoodsomething

AmannamedBilloncevisitedatemplethatwasstillbeingbuilt.Hesawasculptor(雕刻家)

(1)  asculpture.Ashewatchedthemanworkonthesculpture,henoticedthattherewasasimilarsculpturelyingnearby.

Hefeltstrangeandaskedthesculptor,"Whyareyoucreatingtwo

(2)  sculptures?

Doyouneedtwotoputindifferent(3)  ?

"

"No."themansaidwithoutlookingup,"Weneedonlyone,butthefirstonebecamedamaged(损害)(4)  Icouldfinishit,soI'mworkingonanewone."

Billpickedupthedamagedsculptureandexaminedit(5)  .Buthecouldn'tfind(6)  wrongwithit.

"Whereisthedamage?

"heasked.

"Thereisascratch(划痕)onthesculpture'snose"thesculptorsaidwhile(7)  hiswork.

Billthenasked"Whereareyougoingtoplacethesculpture?

"

Thesculptorrepliedthatitwouldbeplacedonaplatformwhichis20feetinheight."Ifthesculptureisupthathigh,(8)  isgoingtonoticethatthereisascratchonthenose?

"Billasked.

Thesculptor(9)  hiswork,lookingupatthemanandsaid,"Iwillknowit."

Thesculptorchoseahighstandardofexcellenceinhiswork.Evenifotherpeopledidn'tnoticeit,itmatteredtohimthathisworkshouldbeofthe(10)  quality(质量).Thisisanattitudeweshouldworkhardtohave.

【答案与解析】

【文章大意】这是一篇选词填空,主要介绍了一个雕刻家对待工作一丝不苟的故事,通过这个故事告诉我们应该有的工作态度.

(1)making考查动名词,seesbdoing看见某人正在做某事,makeasculpture雕刻,故答案为making.

(2)same考查形容词,根据上文Ashewatchedthemanworkonthesculpture,henoticedthattherewasasimilarsculpturelyingnearby.当他观看那个人雕刻时,他注意到旁边放着一个相似的雕像,因此判断本句的意思是你为什么要雕刻两个相同的雕塑.故答案为same.

(3)places考查可数名词复数,different不同的,后跟可数名词复数,结合语境,你为什么雕刻两个相同的雕塑,你需要把它们放在不同的地方吗?

故答案为places.

(4)before考查时间副词,结合语境,我们只需要一个,但是在我完成第一个之前它已经被损害了.判断是完成之前,故答案为before.

(5)carefully考查副词,结合语境,Bill捡起受损的雕塑并且仔细检查,但是他没发现有什么问题.examine为实意动词,用副词修饰,故答案为carefully.

(6)anything考查不定代词,couldn't否定词,结合语境,Bill捡起受损的雕塑并且仔细检查,但是他没发现有什么问题.否定句中不定代词用anything.故答案为anything.

(7)continuing考查动名词,while后动词用﹣ing形式,结合语境,"雕塑的脖子上有一道划痕"雕刻家边说边继续工作.故答案为continuing.

(8)who考查疑问代词,结合语境,如果雕塑放那么高的话,谁会注意到它的脖子上有一道划痕.故答案为who.

(9)stopped考查动词,本文谓语动词用过去式,判断时态为一般过去时,动词用过去式,结合语境,雕刻家停下他的工作,看着那个男人说:

"我会知道."故答案为stopped.

(10)best考查形容词最高级,quality为名词,前用形容词,the后形容词用最高级,结合语境,即使别人没有注意到,他的作品应该保持最好的质量对他来说很重要.故答案为best.

C(2019•广东省)

请用适当的词完成下面的短文,并把所缺单词填写在答题卡指定的位置上。

每个空只能填写一个形式正确、意义相符的单词。

Lastwinterholiday,Ivisitedavillagewithonly11houses.__71__thevillagewasverysmall,Ispentawholedayinit.

Thevillagebecamepopularbecause__72__GrandpaHuang'shardwork.Heboughtahousethereover30years__73__,butin2010thevillagewastobepulleddown.Inordertosavetheoldvillage,GrandpaHuangp

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