六级真题.docx

六级真题.docx

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六级真题

2007年12月大学英语六级考试真题

PartIWriting（30minutes）

1.如今数字化产品得到越来越广泛的使用，并举例

2.数字化产品的使用对人工作，学习，生活产生的影响

DigitalAge

PartIIReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）（15minutes）

SevenWaystoSavetheWorld

Forgettheoldideathatconservingenergyisaformofself-denial—ridingbicycles,dimmingthelights,andtakingfewershowers.Thesedaysconservationisallaboutefficiency:

gettingthesame—orbetter—resultsfromjustafractionoftheenergy.WhenaslumpinbusinesstravelforcedUlrichRǒmertocutcostcostsathisfamily-ownedhotelinGermany,hereplacedhundredsofthehotel’swastefullightbulbs,gettingthesamelightfor80percentlesspower.Heboughtanewwaterboilerwithadigitallycontrolledpump,andwrappedinsulationaroundthepipes.Spendingabout€100,000ontheseandotherimprovements,heslashedhis€90,000fuelandpowerbillby€60,000.Asabonus,thehotel’slowerenergyneedshavereduceditsannualcarbonemissionsbymorethan200metrictons.“Forus,savingenergyhasbeenvery,veryprofitable,”hesays.“Andmostimportantly,we’renotgivingupasinglecomfortforourguests.”

Efficiencyisalsoagreatwaytolowercarbonemissionsandhelpslowglobalwarming.Butthebestargumentforefficiencyisitscost—or,moreprecisely,itsprofitability.That’sbecausequicklygrowingenergydemandrequiresimmenseinvestmentinnewsupply,nottomentionthedrainofrisingenergyprices.

Nowonderefficiencyhasmovedtothetopofthepoliticalagenda.OnJan.10,theEuropeanUnionunveiledaplantocutenergyuseacrossthecontinentby20percentby2020.LastMarch,Chinaimposeda20percentincreaseinenergyefficiencyby2020.EvenGeorgeW.Bush,theTexasoilman,isexpectedtotalkaboutenergyconversationinhisStateoftheUnionspeechthisweek.

Thegoodnewsisthattheworldisfullofproven,cheapwaystosaveenergy.Herearetheseventhatcouldhavethebiggestimpact:

Insulate

Spaceheatingandcoolingeatsup36percentofalltheworld’senergy.There’svirtuallynolimittohowmuchofthatcanbesaved,asprototype“zero-energyhomes”inSwitzerlandandGermanyhaveshown.There’sbeenasurgeinnewwaysofkeepingheatinandcoldout（orviceversa）.Themostadvancedinsulationfollowsthelawofincreasingreturns:

ifyouaddenough,youcanscaledownoreveneliminateheatingandair-conditioningequipment,loweringcostsevenbeforeyoustartsavingonutilitybills.Studieshaveshownthatgreenworkplaces（onesthatdon’tconstantlyneedtohavetheheatorair-conditionerrunning）havehigherworkerproductivityandlowersickrates.

ChangeBulbs

Lightingeatsup20percentoftheworld’selectricity,ortheequivalentofroughly600,000tonsofcoaladay.Fortypercentofthatpowersold-fashionedincandescentlightbulbs—a19th-centurytechnologythatwastesmostofthepoweritconsumesonunwantedheat.

Compactfluorescentlamps,orCFLs,notonlyuse75to80percentlesselectricitythanincandescentbulbstogeneratethesameamountoflight,buttheyalsolast10timeslonger.Phasingoldbulbsoutby2030wouldsavetheoutputof650powerplantsandavoidthereleaseof700milliontonsofcarbonintotheatmosphereeachyear.

ComfortZone

Waterboilers,spaceheatersandairconditionershavebeennotoriouslyinefficient.Theheatpumphasalteredthatequation.Itremovesheatfromtheairoutsideorthegroundbelowandusesittosupplyheattoabuildingoritswatersupply.Inthesummer,thesystemcanbereversedtocoolbuildingaswell.

MostnewresidentialbuildingsinSwedenarealreadyheatedwithground-sourceheatpumps.Suchsystemsconsumealmostnoconventionalfuelatall.Severalcountrieshaveusedsubsidiestojump-startthemarket,includingJapan,wherealmost1millionheatpumpshavebeeninstalledinthepasttwoyearstoheatwaterforshowersandhottubs.

RemakeFactories

Fromsteelmillstopaperfactories,industryeatsupaboutathirdoftheworld’senergy.Theopportunitiestosavearevast.InLudwigshafen,GermanchemicalsgiantBASFrunsaninterconnectedcomplexofmorethan200chemicalfactories,whereheatproducedbyonechemicalprocessisusedtopowerthenext.AttheLudwigshafensitealone,suchrecyclingofheatandenergysavesthecompany€200millionayearandalmosthalfitsCO2emissions.NowBASFisdoingthesamefornewplantsinChina.“Optimizing（优化）energyefficiencyisadecisivecompetitiveadvantage,”saysBASFCEOJǔrgenHambrecht.

GreenDriving

Aquarteroftheworld’senergy—includingtwothirdsoftheannualproductionofoil—isusedfortransportation.Somesavingscomefreeofcharge:

youcanboostfuelefficiencyby6percentsimplybykeepingyourcar’stiresproperlyinflated（充气）.Gasoline-electrichybrid（混合型）modelsliketheToyotaPriusimprovemileagebyafurther20percentoverconventionalmodels.

ABetterFridge

Morethanhalfofallresidentialpowergoesintorunninghouseholdappliances，producingafifthoftheworld’scarbonemissions.Andthat’strueeventhoughmanufacturershavealreadyhikedtheefficiencyofrefrigeratorsandotherwhitegoodsbyasmuchas70percentsincethe1980s.AccordingtoanInternationalEnergyAgencystudy,ifconsumerschosethosemodelsthatwouldsavethemthemostmoneyoverthelifeoftheappliance,they’dcutglobalresidentialpowerconsumptionandtheirutilitybillsby43percent.

FlexiblePayment

Whosaysyouhavetopayforallyourconservationinvestment？

“Energyservicecontractors”willpayforretrofitting（翻折改造）inreturnforashareoftheclient’sannualutility-billsavings.InBeijing,ShenwuThermalEnergyTechnologyCo.specializesinretrofittingChina’ssteelfurnaces.Shenwuputsuptheinitialinvestmenttoinstallaheatexchangerthatpreheatstheairgoingintothefurnace，slashingtheclient’sfuelcosts.Shenwupocketsacutofthosesavings,sobothShenwuandtheclientprofit.

　　Ifsavingenergyissoeasyandprofitable,whyisn’teveryonedoingit?

Ithastodowithpsychologyandalackofinformation.Mostofustendtolookattoday’spricetagmorethantomorrow’spotentialsavings.Thatholdsdoubleforthelandlordordeveloper,whowon’tactuallyseeapennyofthesavingshisinvestmentinbetterinsulationorabetterheatingsystemmightgenerate.Inmanypeople’sminds,conservationisstillassociatedwithself-denial.Manyenvironmentalistsstillpushthatview.

Smartgovernmentscanhelppushthemarketintherightdirection.TheEU’s1994lawonlabelingwassuchasuccessthatitextendedthesameideatoentirebuildingslastyear.Toboostthemarketvalueofefficiency,allnewbuildingsarerequiredtohavean“energypass”detailingpowerandheatingconsumption.CountrieslikeJapanandGermanyhavesuccessivelytightenedbuildingcodes,requiringanincreaseininsulationlevelsbutleavingituptobuilderstodecidehowtomeetthem.

Themostpowerfulincentives,ofcourse,willcomefromthemarketitself.Overthepastyear,sky-highfuelpriceshavefocusedmindsonefficiencylikeneverbefore.Ever-increasingpressuretocutcostshasfinallyforcedmorecompaniestodosomemathontheirenergyuse.

Willitbeenough?

Withglobaldemandandemissionsrisingsofast,wemaynothaveanychoicebuttotry.Efficienttechnologyisherenow,provenandcheap.Comparedwithallotheroptions,it’sthebiggest,easiestandmostprofitablebangforthebuck.

1.Whatissaidtobethebestwaytoconserveenergynowadays?

[A]Raisingefficiently.[B]Cuttingunnecessarycosts.

[C]Findingalternativeresources[D]Sacrificingsomepersonalcomforts.

2.WhatdoestheEuropeanUnionplantodo?

[A]Diversifyenergysupply.[B]Cutenergyconsumption.

[C]Reducecarbonemissions.[D]Raiseproductionefficiency.

3.Ifyouaddenoughinsulationtoyourhouse,youmaybeableto_______.

[A]improveyourworkenvironment[B]cutyourutilitybillsbyhalf.

[C]getridofair-conditioners[D]enjoymuchbetterhealth

4.Howmuchofthepowerconsumedbyincandescentbulbsisconvertedintolight?

[A]Asmallportion.[B]Some40percent

[C]Almosthalf.[D]75to80percent.

5.Somecountrieshavetiredtojump-startthemarketofheatpumpsby_________.

[A]upgradingtheequipment[B]encouraginginvestments

[C]implementinghigh-tech[D]providingsubsidies

6.GermanchemicalsgiantBASFsaves€200millionayearby_________.

[A]recyclingheatandenergy[B]settingupfactoriesinChina

[C]usingthenewesttechnology[D]reducingtheCO2emissionsofitsplants

7.Globalresidentialpowerconsumptioncanbecutby43percentif________.

[A]weincreasetheinsulationofwallsandwaterpipes

[B]wechoosesimplermodelsofelectricalappliances

[C]wecutdownontheuseofrefrigeratorsandotherwhitegoods

[D]wechoosethemostefficientmodelsofrefrigeratorsandotherwhitegoods

8.Energyservicecontractorsprofitbytakingapartofclients’__________.

9.Manyenvironmentalistsmaintaintheviewthatconservationhasmuchtodowith___________.

10.Thestrongestincentiveenergyconservationwilldrivefrom_____________.

PartIIIListeningComprehension（35minutes）

SectionA

11.[A]Proceedinhisownway.[B]Sticktotheoriginalplan.

[C]Compromisewithhiscolleague.[D]Trytochangehiscolleague’smind.

12.[A]Manyhasakeeneyeforstyle.

[B]Nancyregretsbuyingthedress.

[C]NancyandMarywentshoppingtogetherinRome.

[D]NancyandMaryliketofollowthelatestfashion.

13.[A]Washthedishes.[B]Gotothetheatre.

[C]PickupGeorgeandMartha.[D]Takeherdaughtertohospital.

14.[A]Sheenjoysmakingupstoriesaboutotherpeople.

[B]Shecanneverkeepanythingtoherselfforlong.

[