英语词汇.docx
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英语词汇
2011年GCT基础班英语辅导——词汇
一、词汇量要求
◆领会式掌握4000左右个英语单词和500个常用词组；
◆复用式掌握1800个左右的常用英语单词和200个常用词组；
◆掌握一定数量的常用词缀，并能根据构词法和语境意思识别常见的派生词；
◆大学英语四级；
◆十月在职联考大纲。
二、2010年真题中的词汇题
5.Sinceanyanswermaybring____________tohisgovernment,thespokesmantriedtoavoidthequestion.
A.commitmentB.embarrassmentC.failureD.benefit
6.Itispossibleforapersonto___________negativeattitudesandgainhealthyconfidenceneededtorealizehisorherdreams.
A.getridofB.getawaywithC.getoutofD.getalongwith
8.Ifyoumisstheculturalreferences______________aword,you'reverylikelytomissitsmeaning.
A.belowB.beforeC.beyondD.behind
9.Icannot_____________yourplan,forIseenomoneyreturnforthepursuit.
A.approveofB.arguewithC.turndownD.giveup
10.Thethiefwasso___________bythebrightlightsandbarkingdogsthathelefthastily.
A.annoyedB.frightenedC.puzzledD.disappointed
三、词汇部分的考试形式及重点
形式：
单句选择填空，要求考生从四个选项中选出一个最佳答案填入空格中。
题量共有5道，每道题2分，共10分。
重点：
是对名词、动词、形容词、短语及固定搭配的判断和理解，其中包括区分同义词、近义词、反义词等。
如：
四种命题方式：
1.近形词题目：
考单词辨认、近形词辨认的能力。
如：
Theproblemiscaused_____byalackofmoney.
A.prominentlyB.profoundlyC.primarilyD.proportionally
Thenewdirectorofthetelevisionstationwantsto_____itsprogram.
A.divideB.decideC.diversifyD.divert
2007-05.Sometimes,artistspaint____fortheirownenjoymentorself-expression,choosingtheirownsubjects.
A.reluctantlyB.occasionallyC.primarilyD.generously
2.近义词题：
词义相近、用法不同。
如：
Generally____,thatcityislesscrowdedthantheothersinthesamestate.
A.talkingB.speakingC.sayingD.telling
Inthebigflood,only20%ofthepeopleinthatvillage______.
A.remainedB.stayedC.livedD.survived
2009-06.SaffronreturnedtoLondontoheractingcareerafterfouryearsofmodeling.
A.followB.chaseC.seekD.pursue
2008-01.E-commercehaswitnesseda_____growththeseyears.
A.fixedB.stableC.steadyD.regular
2005-10.Thereisgoingtobe________timeforpeopletoassesswhetherornotwehavemadetherightdecisioninthistimeofurgency.
A.sufficientB.additionalC.efficientD.consequent
2007-02.Inspace,___andequipmentneedmanyformsofprotection.
A.pilotsB.astronautsC.engineersD.scientists
3.语境词汇题：
根据单词所处的具体语言环境，确定正确选项。
In400A.D.Chinesechildrenplayedwithafan-liketoythatspanupwardsandfellbacktoearthas_____ceased.
A.rotationB.suspensionC.emissionD.motivation
Asagoodphotographer,youmustdevelopanawarenessoftheworldaroundyouandthepeoplewho____it.
A.innovateB.inhabitC.integrateD.inherit
4.固定搭配：
动词与介词或副词或名词的搭配，形容词与名词的搭配等。
Notallpersonsarrestedand____withacrimeareguilty,andthemainfunctionofcriminalcourtsistodeterminewhoisguiltyunderthelaw.
A.sentencedB.accusedCpersecutedDcharged
Ifyouareamemberofaclub,youmust_____totherulesofthatclub.
A.conformB.appealC.referD.access
2009-7.Hehasfancydreamsabouthislife,andnothingeverquitehisexpectations.
A.matchesB.makesC.reachesD.realizes
2007-04.Minimumwageisthe____amountofmoneyperhourthatanemployermaylegallypayaworker.
A.littleB.fewC.leastD.smallest
解析：
答案为D.smallest。
此题实际上考查两个语言点：
1、minimum本身含有最高级的意义（此类形容词还有perfect，top，prime，unique，maximum，utmost）2、能够与amount搭配的形容词有large、small、great。
2009-2.Thisvideomaybefreelyreproducedcommercialpromotionorsale.
A.asforB.exceptforC.thankstoD.upto
2008-08.Hewas_____knowingeverythingaboutthecourseshewastotakeattheuniversity.
A.lostinB.attentivetoC.clearofD.keenon
2007-03.Livingthingscansenseand___changesintheirsurroundings.
A.respondtoB.makeupC.leadtoD.decideon
2005-01.Tospeed_______yourentry,pleasebringyourAdmissionCardwithyou.
A.upB.onC.cutD.down
2005-09.Today’spopularclothingchains________teenagers,whocanbecountedupontochangetheirtastesevery30days.
A.resorttoB.attendtoC.appealtoD.applyto
四、单词记忆方法
推荐以折叠背词法（自测式背词法）为主；辅以构词记忆、例句记忆、比较单词记忆法。
建议在开始阶段多尝试不同记忆法，确定最适合自己的一种或几种方法。
TIPS:
四要：
1、要先选择、整理重点单词、主动地记忆单词；
2、要在规定时间段内，按任务量记忆，给自己制定规则，并且严格遵守；
3、要记忆新单词，不忘旧单词；
4、要坚持（“坚持就是胜利”在背单词方面是颠扑不破的绝对真理！
）
四不要：
1、不要拿着厚厚的大纲背单词
2、不要永远从字母a开始按顺序背单词
3、不要觉得连例句一起记忆很麻烦
4、不要找任何借口放弃每一天中至少15分钟的背单词时间
五、记忆单词的基本功
【前缀】
anti-
反、抗
anti-war
Auto-
自
Automobile
bi-
双
Bicycle
bio-
生命，生物
Biology
co-,col-,com-,
con-,cor
共同
cooperatecoordinatecolleague
de-
除去，否定；离开
decreasedelete
di-,dif-,dis-
无，不，相反
disappeardischargediscountdiscouragediscover
en-,em-
使成为
enableencourageenforceenlargeentitle
ex-
前；向外
exchangeexclaimexcludeexpressexport
extra-
外
extraordinary
il-,im-,in-,ir-ab
不，非
illegalimpossibleincorrectirregularabnormal
im-，in-
进入
importinvade
inter-
间，相互
Interactinterviewinternet
kilo-
千
kilogramkilometer
mid-
中
middaymidnight
Mini-
小
minimum
mis-
误
misunderstandmislead
mono-
单一
monologue
multi-
多
multiplemultiply
non-
非，不
nonsense
over-
过度，太；外
overflowovercoat
post-
后于
postgraduate
pre-
先于
prescribeprescriptionpredictprepair
re-
再
reactreactionrecallrecoverrecyclereformrefreshrepayrenewreplacereserverestoreretreat
sub-
下，次
subsequentsubstitutesubway
super-
上，超
supermarket
tele-
远
telegramtelephonetelescopetelevision
trans-
横贯，转移
transformtransporttransportationtransmit
tri-
三
triangle
un-
不，无
unforgettableunfairuneasyunfortunatelyunfortunateunlikeunusual
under-
在…下，次
undergroundundergraduate
vice-
副
vice-president
【名词后缀】
-an
-ian
人
ArabianAsianAustralianCanadianChristian
ItalianmusicianlibrarianphysicianpoliticianRussiantechnician
-ee
人（被动）
employeerefugee
-er
-or
人
daughterownerlawyertrainerbarberbutchersingercarrieractorancestorbachelorconductordirectorsenatoroperatorsponsorwriter
-ant
-ent
人
assistantcorrespondentimmigrant
-ist
人，主义者
activistartistnovelistnationalistphysicistpsychologisttourist
-ance
-ence
性质，状态
acceptanceacquaintanceallowanceappearanceapplianceconscienceresistanceinsurancenuisance
-age
状态，集合
表示行为、状态
voyageadvantagebaggagecouragegarbageshortageluggage
-al
构成抽象名词，
approvalarrivalintervalremoval
-cion
-sion–tion
动作，状态
comprehensiondepressiondesperationinventioninvasionmodernizationpermissionpossessionsuspiciontensiontransmissionindustrialization
-hood
身份，性质，时代
childhoodneighborhood
-ing
行动，行业，…的
beingbeginningendingspelling
-ity
抽象名词
curiositypersonalityreality
-ment
运动
agreementappointmentargumentarrangementmonumentmovementparliamentpaymentreplacementrequirementsettlementtreatment
-ness
性质，状态
goodnessillness
-ology
学科
psychologytechnology
-ship
状态，性质
friendshiphardshipleadershipmembershipownershiprelationshipscholarship
-th
结果，过程
truthwarmthwidth
-ty
抽象名词
libertyspecialty
【动词后缀】
-en
做，使，成为…，使变成…
fastenhardenlengthenloosenthreatenwidenweakenstrengthen
-ify
…化，使成为…，变成…
clarifyidentifyjustifyqualifyspecify
-ize
…化，照…样子做
characterizespecializeindustrializecivilizerealize
【形容词后缀】
-able,-ible,-ble
能够…，值得…
acceptableavailablecomparablefavorablehonorableliablenoticeablereliableresponsibleunbelievable
-al
…的，行为，人，物
annualcasualclassicalcontinualconventionalcriticalexperimentalidenticaloptional
-ed
…的
accustomedadvancedashamedbelovedcomplicatedcrowdedlearnedlimitednakedsituated
-en
做，使，…的，人
goldenhardenhastenloosenweakenwoodenwoolen
-ful
…的
doubtfulcolorfulfaithfulfearfulfruitfulgratefulhopefulpeacefulplentifulthoughtful
-ic，ical
…的，人，…学
academicartisticeconomicelectronicheroicoptimisticorganicsystematicpracticalstatistical
-ish
…的，有…性质的
selfishBritish
-ive
…的，人，物
activecomparativecollectivecreativerelativeprotective
-less
无…的，不…的
carelessendlesshelplesshopelessrestlessworthless
-like
如…的
childlike
-ly
…的，…地
deadlyelderlymonthlyweeklyyearly
-ous，-ious
…的
ambitiousanxiouscautiouscuriousdangerousdeliciousfamousgloriousreligioussuspicious
-y
…的，人，物
rainynoisydirtygreedysunnywealthyslippery
【副词后缀】
-ly
basicallydefinitelydirectlyespeciallyeventuallyevidentlyextremelyfairlyfinallyfortunatelygenerallyhardlyhighlyincreasinglylargelymainlymerelymostlynamelynaturallynearlynecessarilynormallyobviouslyparticularlypartlypossiblypracticallypresentlyprobablyrarelyreadilyreallyrepeatedlyrespectivelyscarcelyshortlysimplyspecificallytrulyusuallyvirtuallywholly
-ward（s）
forwardbackwardsinwardoutward
-wise
otherwise
【常见词根】
词根
意思
举例
ag
做，动作
agentagendaagency
audi，audit
听
audienceaudio
ced，cess，ceed
走
proceedexceedprocesssuccessionsucceedsuccessive
centr
中心
centercentral
dic，dict
说
dictatedictationdictionarycontradictionpredict
duct
引导
conducteducateintroduceproducereduce
facfact
做
factfactorfactorymanufacturemanufacturer
fer
拿
conferencedifferdifferentdifferenceofferpreferrefersuffertransfer
fin
末尾，界限
finalfinishfine
gengener
出生，种类
geniusgenerategeneral
grad
步
gradegradualgraduateundergraduate
graph
写
geographyphotograph
ject
投掷
injectinjectionrejectprojectsubject
lect
选
collectelectneglectselect
pos，posit
放
composedepositexposeopposeproposesuppose
sist
站立
assistconsistexistinsistresistpersist
spect
看
expectinspectrespectprospect
st，stat
站立
statestationstaydistanceconstantobstaclerest
Tain
握，持
containobtainretain
Venvent
来
eventinventprevent
Vis
看
adviseevidentproviderevisesupervisevisionvisiblevisit
六、词汇部分的主要词类及要点
在词汇考试中，考生应该重视主要词性及其要点，如名词、动词、形容词和副词。
【名词】
名词
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