商务英语关联词汇.docx

商务英语关联词汇.docx

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商务英语关联词汇

一、businessandbusinesses商业和公司

Abusiness,company,orfirmisanorganizationthatsellsgoodsorservices.Abusinessmayalsobereferredtoformallyasaconcern.Businessistheproduction,buying,andsellingofgoodsandservices.

Abusinessmaybereferredtoapprovinglyasanenterprisetoemphasizeitsadventurous,risk-takingqualities,andbusinessingeneralmaybereferredtointhesameway,forexampleincombinationssuchasfreeenterpriseandprivateenterprise.

Businessisalsoreferredtoascommerce.Thisword,anditsrelatedadjectivecommercial,areoftenusedtodistinguishthebusinessspherefromotherareassuchasgovernmentorthearts,ortodistinguishitfromnonmoney-makingactivities.

注释：

Business商业；生意；公司Company公司；

商号Firm（合伙的）商号；商行Concern康采恩（垄断企业形式之一）

Commerce商业；商务Commercial商业的；商务的；商用的 

Enterprise企事业单位FreeEnterprise自由企业

PrivateEnterprise私人企业

二、Frommultinationalstosmallfirms从跨国公司到小型企业 

Largecompaniesarereferredtoascorporations,especiallyintheUnitedStates.Corporateisusedtodescribethingsrelatingtoacorporation,ortocorporationsingeneral,inexpressionsliketheonesinthenextexercise.Largecompaniesoperatinginmanycountriesaremultinationals.

Bigbusinesscanrefertolargebusinessorganizationsortoanybusinessactivitythatmakesalotofmoney.Smallcompaniesarereferredtoassmallbusinessesorsmallfirms.

Unlikesomelanguages,Englishdoesnothaveaneverydaytermforsmallandmedium-sizedcompanies,apartfromthisratherclumsyexpression.

注释：

Corporation大公司；股份有限公司Corporate法人；团体

Multinational跨国的；多国的Bigbusiness大型企业；大公司

Smallandmediumsizedcompanies中小规模的公司

Smallbusiness小公司Smallfirm小公司

三、Industriesandsectors工业及其部门 

Businessesmaybeclassifiedaccordingtowhichindustrytheyarein:

forexampleconstruction,oil,banking,food.

Sectorissometimesusedtomeanindustryinthesameway,particularlybyspecialistssuchasfinancialjournalists,butitismoreoftenusedtotalkaboutdifferentpartsoftheeconomyincombinationssuchaspublicsectorandprivatesector,orabouttypesofbusinessinexpressionslikeservicesectorandmanufacturingsector.

注释：

Industry工业；产业Sector部门；部分 

Publicsector公共部门Privatesector私营部门 

manufacturingsector制造部门Servicesector服务部门

四、Publicsectorandprivate公共部门和私营部门 

Whenaprivatecompanyisboughtbythestateandbroughtintothepublicsector,itisnationalizedinaprocessofnationalization.Anationalizedcompanyisstate-owned.Whenthestatereturnsacompanytotheprivatesectorinasell-off,itisprivatized.Thisisprivatization.

Thefirsttobesoldoffinaprivatizationprogramareoftenthecompaniesresponsibleforthepublicsupplyofelectricity,waterandgas:

theutilities.

注释：

Nationalized国有化的Nationalization国有化

Privatized私有化的Privatization私有化

State-owned国有的Selloff廉价出清 

Utilities公用事业；公用事业部门 

五、Stakes份额；股份

IfCompanyAownssharesorequityinCompanyB,Ahasorholdsastake,holdingorshareholdinginB.IfAownslessthanhalfthesharesinB,ithasaminoritystakeinB.

IfAownsmorethanhalfthesharesinB,ithasamajoritystakeorcontrollingstakeinB.Ifyouhavesharesinacompanyyouareashareholder.

注释：

Shares/stake份额；股份Equity股份；产权；普通股票

Holding持有；股票额Shareholding持有股票数

Shareholder股东Holdastake持有份额

Majoritystake大股东（50%以上）Controllingstake大股东

Minoritystake小股东

原作者：

MBA100 

商务英语重点词汇

（2） 

一、Parentsandsisters母公司和姐妹公司 

Aholdingorholdingcompanyisonethatholdsstakesinoneormoresubsidiaries.Ifitownsallthesharesinasubsidiary,thesubsidiaryisawholly-ownedone.

Aholdingcompany'srelationshiptoitssubsidiariesisthatofparentcompany,andthesubsidiariesrelationshiptoeachotheristhatofsistercompanies.Aholdinganditssubsidiariesformagroup.

Aconglomerateisagroupcontainingalotofdifferentcompaniesindifferentbusinesses.Journalistsalsorefertolargegroupsasgiants.

注释：

Holdingcompany控股公司Subsidiary子公司

Wholly-ownedsubsidiary全资子公司Parentcompany母公司

Sistercompany姐妹公司Group集团公司 

Conglomerate联合大企业Giant大企业；企业巨人（新闻用语）

二、Predators,raiders,andwhiteknights掠夺者、抢劫者和善意合作者 

Thetakeoverprocessisoftendescribedintermsofoneanimalhuntinganother:

acompanyorindividualseekingtotakeoveranothercompanymaybereferredtoasapredator,andthetargetcompanyastheprey.Predatorsarealsoreferredtoasraidersorcorporateraiders.

Acompanywishingtoresist,wardoff,orfendoffbeingtakenoverhasanumberofoptions.Itmaydeviseplansthatgiveexistingshareholdersspecialrights,oritmaymakeitselflessattractivetobiddersbysellingoffavaluablepartofthecompany,orholdingontoanunattractiveone.Actionslikethesearepoisonpills.

Oritmaypersuadeafriendlypartner,awhiteknight,totakeastakeinthecompany,thuspreventingacompletetakeoverbyahostilebidder.Biddersmayagreetowithdrawtheirbidifpaidenoughmoneyforthesharestheyholdinthetargetcompany.Thisisgreenmail.

注释：

Predator掠夺者（恶意吞并其它企业）Prey猎物（被恶意并购的企业）

 Raider掠夺者（恶意并购其它企业）Corporateraider合伙掠夺者 

Fendoffabid阻止收购Wardoffabid阻止收购 

Poisonbill毒药（公司通过给予股东某些特权、或卖掉部分有价值资产，而持有或购进价值不大的资产，从而减少自己对并购公司的吸引力）

WhiteKnight

指购买公司部分股份以免遭兼并企业完全兼并的善意和或者。

Greenmail绿函交易

指兼并企业以增加股票价值为条件撤回自己向标的企业投标的交易。

三、Leveragedbuy-outsandjunkbonds杠杆收购和垃圾债券 

Inaleveragedbuyout,orLBO,acompanyisacquiredbyagroupofinvestors,oftenfinancedbyheavyborrowing.Thedebtisthenpaidoutofthetargetcompany'soperatingrevenuesorbysellingitsassets.

TheborrowinginvolvedinLBOsisoftenhigh-riskdebtcalledjunkbonds.

LBOsfinancedbyjunkwerefrequentinthe1980sandafteranabsencefollowingtheexcessesofthatperiod,theyarenowoccurringagain.

注释：

Leveragedbuy-out杠杠收购LBO=Leveragedbuy-out 

Junkbonds高风险债券 

四、Jointventuresandalliances合资与联盟 

Twoormorecompaniesmaydecidetoworktogetherbysettingupajointventureorallianceinwhicheachholdsastake.

注释：

Jointventure合资企业Alliance企业联盟 

五、Mergers兼并 

Whentwocompaniescombine,usuallyvoluntarily,theymergeinamerger.

注释：

Mergers兼并Merger兼并

商务英语重点词汇（3） 

一、Restructuring企业重组

（1） 

Agroupcontainingmanytypesofbusinessisdiversified.Agroup'sbasicbusinessactivity,perhapstheoneitoriginallystartedwith,isitscorebusiness.Separatebusinessactivitiesmaybeviewedasprofitcenters,eachresponsibleforgeneratingprofit.

Businessesareoftenencouragedtoconcentrateorfocusontheircoreactivitiesandtoselloff,spinoff,ordisposeofnon-essentialassets.Theseassetsareoftenreferredtoasnon-coreassets.

Asaleofassetsinthiswayisreferredtoasasell-off,spin-off,ordisposal.Aspin-offcanalsorefertoabusinessthathasbeenspunoff.

注释：

Diversified多样化；多角化Corebusiness核心经营

Profitcenter利润中心Focus集中经营 

Assets资产；基金Non-coreassets空心资本

Selloff抛售Spinoff剥离；拆分

Disposeof处理；变卖Disposal处理；变卖 

二、Managementbuy-outs管理层收购 

Whenagroupisrestructured,themanagersofabusinessthatistobesoldoffmaywanttobuyitthemselvesinamanagementbuy-outorMBO,usuallyincombinationwithanorganizationprovidingfinanceintheformofventurecapital.

注释：

Managementbuyout=MBO管理层收购Venturecapital风险投资

三、Entrepreneursandtycoons企业家和金融巨头

Anentrepreneur（企业家）isusuallysomeonewhobuildsupacompanyfromnothing:

astart-up（新创）company.

Entrepreneursmayonedaybecometycoons（实业界/金融界巨头）,magnates（产业大王）ormoguls（工商巨擘）:

richandsuccessfulpeoplewithpowerandinfluencewhoheadbigorganizations,usuallyonestheyhavebuiltupthemselvesandinwhichtheyhavealargepersonalstake.

四、Managersandexecutives经理和董事

Amanagerissomeoneinapositionofresponsibilityinanorganization.Anexecutive（总经理；董事）isusuallyamanageratquiteahighlevel.Executivesarealsoexecs,aninformalexpression.Peopleattheheadofanorganizationareseniorexecutives（高级董事/主管）orseniormanagers（高层管理者/总经理）,topexecutives（高层领导者）ortopmanagers（总经理）. 

五、Ladiesandgentlemenoftheboard董事会成员

Thepeoplelegallyresponsibleforacompanyareitsboardorboardofdirectors（理事会/董事会）.

IntheUS,theheadofacompanymayhavethetitlepresident（总裁/董事长）.Again,theresponsibilitiesofthispostvaryfromcompanytocompany,andthepostmaybecombinedwithanother.

IntheUS,aseniormanagerinchargeofafunctionmayhavethetitlevice-president（副总裁/副董事长）andmaybeontheboard.Onevicepresidentmayhaveresponsibilityforrunningthecompany,ormaybenot,asthelastexamplebelowindicatesonlytoowell.

Executivedirectors（执行董事）onaboardarehighlevelmanagersofthecompany.Otherdirectorsarenon-executivedirectors（非常务董事）,perhapsbringingtheirknowledgeandexperiencetoseveralcompanyboards. 

商务英语重点词汇（4） 

一、Headhunting猎头

Headhunters（猎头者）arespecialistconsultantswhosearchforhighlevel,oftenboard-level,executivesandtrytopersuadethemtoleavetheircurrentjobinordertogotoworkinanothercompany.Managersfoundinthiswayareheadhuntedinaprocessofheadhunting.

Executivesmaybepersuadedtomovecompanybythepromiseofagoldenhello（见面礼）:

alargesumofmoneyorsomeotherfinancialenticementofferedbythecompanytheymoveto. 

二、Executivepay主管人员的收入

Whentalkingaboutexecutivepay,compensation（薪水）canrefer,confusingly,totwodifferentthings:

*whattopexecutivesgetforrunningacompany.

*whattheygetonleavingacompany.

Apartfromsalary,anexecutive'scompensationpackage（工资袋）caninclude:

*bonuses:

extrapayments,sometimes,butnotalways,relatedtothefirm'sperfo