REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE GOVERNMENT.docx
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REPORTONTHEWORKOFTHEGOVERNMENT
REPORTONTHEWORKOFTHEGOVERNMENT
——2008年3月5日在第十一届全国人民代表大会第一次会议上
DeliveredattheFirstSessionoftheEleventhNational
People'sCongressonMarch5,2008
国务院总理 温家宝
各位代表:
FellowDeputies,
现在,我代表国务院,向大会报告本届政府过去五年的工作,对今年工作提出建议,请予审议,并请全国政协各位委员提出意见。
OnbehalfoftheStateCouncil,IwouldnowliketodelivertoyouareportontheworkofthegovernmentoverthepastfiveyearsandonthearrangementsforitsworkthisyearforyourdeliberationandapprovalandalsoforcommentsandsuggestionsfromthemembersoftheChinesePeople'sPoliticalConsultativeConference(CPPCC).
一、过去五年工作回顾
I.ReviewoftheWorkofthePastFiveYears
第十届全国人民代表大会第一次会议以来的五年,是不平凡的五年。
在中国共产党领导下,各级政府和全国各族人民认真贯彻党的十六大精神,齐心协力,顽强拼搏,积极应对复杂多变的国际环境,努力克服经济社会发展中的各种困难,战胜了突如其来的严重非典疫情和历史罕见的低温雨雪冰冻等特大自然灾害,改革开放和现代化建设取得了举世瞩目的重大成就。
ThepastfiveyearssincetheFirstSessionoftheTenthNationalPeople'sCongresswasamomentousperiod.UndertheleadershipoftheCommunistPartyofChina(CPC),governmentsatalllevelsandpeopleofalltheethnicgroupsinChinadiligentlyfollowedtheguidingprinciplessetoutattheSixteenthCPCNationalCongressandworkedinconcertandwithdedication.Wevigorouslyrespondedtothecomplexandvolatileinternationalenvironment,strovetoovercomevariousdifficultieshinderingeconomicandsocialdevelopment,andprevailedoverthesuddenandsevereoutbreakofSARSandcatastrophicnaturaldisasterssuchastherecentsnowandicestormsinthesouththattheregionhasrarelyseenbefore.Wemademajorachievementsinreform,openingupandmodernization,whichattractedtheattentionoftheworld.
——经济跨上新台阶。
2007年,国内生产总值达到24.66万亿元,比2002年增长65.5%,年均增长10.6%,从世界第六位上升到第四位;全国财政收入达到5.13万亿元,增长1.71倍;外汇储备超过1.52万亿美元。
–Theeconomyreachedanewhigh.China'sGDPin2007reached24.66trillionyuan,anincreaseof65.5%over2002andanaverageannualincreaseof10.6%,risingfromthesixthhighestoneintheworldtothefourth.Totalgovernmentrevenuereached5.13trillionyuan,a171%increaseover2002.OurforeignexchangereservesexceededUS$1.52trillion.
——取消农业税,终结了农民种田交税的历史。
全国粮食连续四年增产,2007年产量达到50150万吨。
–Theagriculturaltaxwasrescinded,endingthecenturies-oldpracticeoffarmerspayingtaxes.China'sgrainoutputrosefourconsecutiveyearstoreach501.5milliontonsin2007.
——国有企业、金融、财税、外经贸体制和行政管理体制等改革迈出重大步伐。
开放型经济进入新阶段。
2007年进出口总额达到2.17万亿美元,从世界第六位上升到第三位。
–Majorprogresswasmadeinthereformofstate-ownedenterprises(SOEs),thefinancialsystem,fiscalandtaxationsystems,thesystemofforeigntradeandeconomiccooperation,andtheadministrativesystem.Chinahasenteredanewstageindevelopingamoreopeneconomy.Totalvolumeofimportsandexportsreached$2.17trillionin2007,raisingChinafromthesixthlargesttradingnationintheworldtothethirdlargest.
——创新型国家建设进展良好,涌现出一批具有重大国际影响的科技创新成果。
载人航天飞行和首次月球探测工程圆满成功。
–GoodprogresswasmadeineffortstomakeChinamoreinnovative,andanumberofmajorscientificandtechnologicalinnovationswithinternationalimpactweremade.Mannedspaceflightsandourfirstmoonexplorationprojectweresuccessfullycarriedout.
——全面实现农村免费义务教育,这是我国教育发展史上的重要里程碑。
覆盖城乡的公共卫生体系和基本医疗服务体系初步建立。
–Freecompulsoryeducationwasmadeavailabletoallruralstudents,markinganimportantmilestoneinthehistoryofthedevelopmentofeducationinChina.Thebasicframeworksforapublichealthsystemandasystemofbasicmedicalservicescoveringbothurbanandruralareashavebeenputinplace.
——城乡公共文化服务体系逐步完善。
文化体制改革取得重要进展,文化事业和文化产业快速发展。
上海特奥会成功举办。
北京奥运会、残奥会和上海世博会筹备工作进展顺利。
–Steadyimprovementwasmadeintheurbanandruralsystemofpublicculturalservices.Significantprogresswasmadeinreformoftheculturalmanagementsystem,andthedevelopmentofculturalprogramsandculturalindustrieswasaccelerated.TheShanghaiSpecialOlympicswassuccessfullyheld.Preparationsforthe2008OlympicsandParalympicsinBeijingandthe2010WorldExpoinShanghaiproceededsmoothly.
——民主法制建设取得新进步,依法行政扎实推进,保障人民权益和维护社会公平正义得到加强。
–Progresswasmadeindevelopingdemocracyandthelegalsystemandinenhancinglaw-basedgovernment.Greatereffortsweremadetosafeguardpeople'srightsandinterestsandensuresocialfairnessandjustice.
——人民生活显著改善。
五年全国新增城镇就业5100万人。
城镇居民人均可支配收入由2002年7703元增加到2007年13786元,农村居民人均纯收入由2476元增加到4140元。
社会保障体系框架初步形成。
贫困人口逐年减少。
–People'slivingstandardsimprovedsignificantly.Fifty-onemillionurbanjobswerecreatedoverthepastfiveyears.Urbanpercapitaannualdisposableincomerosefrom7,703yuanin2002to13,786yuanin2007,andruralpercapitaannualnetincomerosefrom2,476yuanto4,140yuanduringthesameperiod.Thebasicframeworkforasocialsafetynetforbothurbanandruralareaswasputinplace.Thenumberofpeoplelivinginpovertywasreducedeveryyear.
事实充分说明,过去五年是改革开放和全面建设小康社会取得重大进展的五年,是社会生产力和综合国力显著增强的五年,是社会事业全面发展和人民得到更多实惠的五年,是我国国际地位和影响不断提高的五年。
Alltheseimprovementsfullydemonstratethatduringthepastfive-yearperiodgreatstridesweremadeincarryingoutreformandopeningupandbuildingamoderatelyprosperoussocietyinallrespects.Duringthistimetheproductiveforcesandoverallnationalstrengthweresignificantlyimproved,socialprogramswerecomprehensivelydeveloped,peoplereceivedevengreaterbenefitsandChina'sinternationalstandingandinfluenceconstantlygrew.
五年来,我们树立和落实科学发展观,着力发展经济、深化改革开放、保障和改善民生,促进社会和谐,付出了巨大努力,做了大量工作。
DuringthepastfiveyearsweestablishedandputintopracticetheScientificOutlookonDevelopment,workedhardoneconomicdevelopment,deepenedreformandopeningup,ensuredthewellbeingofthepeople,improvedtheirlives,andpromotedsocialharmony.Wemadegreateffortsandaccomplishedagreatdeal.
(一)加强和改善宏观调控,促进经济平稳快速发展
1.Improvingmacroeconomicregulationtopromotesteadyandrapideconomicdevelopment.
我们围绕解决经济运行中的突出矛盾,注重宏观调控的预见性、及时性和有效性。
几年来,针对固定资产投资增长过快、货币信贷投放过多、外贸顺差过大,以及农业基础薄弱等经济发展中不稳定、不协调、不可持续的问题,严把土地、信贷两个闸门,提高市场准入门槛,适时调整财政政策、货币政策,完善产业政策和土地政策,调整经济结构,加强薄弱环节,搞好经济运行调节。
根据经济形势的变化,多次及时调整金融机构存款准备金率、存贷款基准利率,取消或降低高耗能、高排放和资源性产品的出口退税。
这些宏观调控措施取得明显成效,经济连续五年保持平稳快速发展,没有出现大的起落。
Weendeavoredtomakemacroeconomicregulationmoreproactive,responsiveandeffective,withthefocusonresolvingmajorproblemsaffectingeconomicoperation.Overthepastfewyears,wetightenedcontrolsonthesuppliesoflandandcredit,raisedmarketaccessrequirements,adjustedfinancialandmonetarypoliciesasneeded,improvedindustrialpoliciesandthelandpolicy,adjustedtheeconomicstructure,shoredupweaklinksandeffectivelyregulatedeconomicoperationtoaddressproblemssuchasoverheatedgrowthinfixedassetinvestment,excessivesuppliesofmoneyandcredit,excessivelylargetradesurplus,andweaknessinagriculture,thefoundationoftheeconomy,whichcouldcauseeconomicdevelopmenttobecomeunstable,unbalancedandunsustainable.Inresponsetochangesintheeconomy,wehaverepeatedlymadetimelyadjustmentsintherequiredreserveratioandthebenchmarkinterestratesforsavingsandloansinfinancialinstitutionsandrescindedorreducedexporttaxrebatesforresourceproductsandproductswhoseproductionisenergyintensiveorhighlypolluting.Thesemacroeconomicregulatorymeasuresproducedsignificantresults,andChina'seconomymaintainedsteadyandrapiddevelopmentthroughoutthefive-yearperiod,withoutexperiencingmajorfluctuations.
我们从加强农业基础入手,把促进粮食增产和农民增收作为首要任务,在制度、政策和投入方面采取一系列重大举措。
全部取消了农业税、牧业税和特产税,每年减轻农民负担1335亿元。
同时,建立农业补贴制度,对农民实行粮食直补、良种补贴、农机具购置补贴和农业生产资料综合补贴,对产粮大县和财政困难县乡实行奖励补助。
大幅度增加对农业农村投入,中央财政用于“三农”的支出五年累计1.6万亿元,其中用于农村基础设施建设近3000亿元,地方也较多增加了投入。
五年新增节水灌溉面积666.7万公顷、新增沼气用户1650万户、新建改建农村公路130万公里,解决了9748万农村人口饮水困难和饮水安全问题,建立了重大动物疫病防控体系,防止了高致病性禽流感等疫情蔓延。
这些措施,极大地调动了农民积极性,有力地推动了社会主义新农村建设,农村发生了历史性变化,亿万农民由衷地感到高兴。
农业的发展,为整个经济社会的稳定和发展发挥了重要作用。
Weadoptedaseriesofmajormeasuresrelatedtoinstitutions,policiesandinvestmenttoincreasegrainproductionandruralincomesasamatterofpriorityandstrengthenagricultureasthefoundationoftheeconomy.Wecompletelyrescindedtheagriculturaltax,livestocktaxandtaxonspecialagriculturalproductsthroughoutChina,reducingtheburdenonfarmersbyanaverageof133.5billionyuanperyear.Inaddition,wesetupasubsidyschemeforagriculture,institutingdirectsubsidiesforgrainproducers,subsidiesforsuperiorcropvarieties,subsidiesforthepurchaseofagriculturalmachineryandtools,andgeneralsubsidiesforagriculturalproductionsuppliesandprovidingincentivestomajorgrain-producingcountiesandsubsidiestocountiesandtownshipswithseriousfinancialdifficulties.Investmentinagricultureandruralareaswasgreatlyincreased.Centralgovernmentallocationsforagriculture,ruralareasandfarmersreached1.6trillionyuanoverthepastfiveyears,includingnearly300billionyuanthatwasusedfordevelopingruralinfrastructure.Localgovernmentsalsosubstantiallyincreasedtheirinput.Duringthefive-yearperiod,anadditional6.667millionhectaresoffarmlandwasequippedwithwater-savingirrigationfacilities,methanegaswasmadeavailableto16.5millionmorehouseholds,1.3millionkilometersofruralroadswerebuiltorupgraded,andsafedrinkingwaterwasprovidedtoanadditional97.48millionruralresidents.Asystemforthepreventionandcontrolofmajoranimaldiseaseswassetup,andthespreadofhighlypathogenicavianinfluenzawasprevented.Thesemeasuresgreatlyencouragedfarmerstogrowmore,gaveastrongimpetustothedevelopmentofanewsocialistcountrysideandbroughthistoricchangestoruralChinatothegreatsatisfactionofhundredsofmillionsofruralpeople.AgriculturaldevelopmentplayedanimportantroleinensuringtheoverallstabilityanddevelopmentofChina'seconomyandsociety.
我们制定了国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要,对2006-2020年的科技发展作出全