全国研究生考试英语二真题及详细答案.docx

全国研究生考试英语二真题及详细答案.docx

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全国研究生考试英语二真题及详细答案

2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语

（二）试题

　　SectionI UseofEnglish

　　Directions:

　　Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET.（10points）

　　Thinnerisn’talwaysbetter.Anumberofstudieshave__1___thatnormal-weightpeopleareinfactathigherriskofsomediseasescomparedtothosewhoareoverweight.Andtherearehealthconditionsforwhichbeingoverweightisactually___2___.Forexample,heavierwomenarelesslikelytodevelopcalciumdeficiencythanthinwomen.___3___amongtheelderly,beingsomewhatoverweightisoftenan___4___ofgoodhealth。

　　Ofevengreater___5___isthefactthatobesityturnsouttobeverydifficulttodefine.Itisoftendefined___6___bodymassindex,orBMI.BMI ___7__bodymassdividedbythesquareofheight.AnadultwithaBMIof18to25isoftenconsideredtobenormalweight.Between25and30isoverweight.Andover30isconsideredobese.Obesity,___8___,canbedividedintomoderatelyobese,severelyobese,andveryseverelyobese。

　　Whilesuchnumericalstandardsseem 9,theyarenot.Obesityisprobablylessamatterofweightthanbodyfat.SomepeoplewithahighBMIareinfactextremelyfit,10 otherswithalowBMImaybeinpoor11.Forexample,manycollegiateandprofessionalfootballplayers 12 asobese,thoughtheirpercentagebodyfatislow.Conversely,someonewithasmallframemayhavehighbodyfatbuta 13  BMI。

　　Todaywehavea（an）_14_tolabelobesityasadisgrace.Theoverweightaresometimes_15_inthemediawiththeirfacescovered.Stereotypes_16_withobesityincludelaziness,lackofwillpower,andlowerprospectsforsuccess.Teachers,employers,andhealthprofessionalshavebeenshowntoharborbiasesagainsttheobese._17_veryyoungchildrentendtolookdownontheoverweight,andteasingaboutbodybuildhaslongbeenaprobleminschools。

　　1.[A]denied       [B]conduced       [C]doubled       [D]ensured

　　2.[A]protective   [B]dangerous      [C]sufficient    [D]troublesome

　　3.[A]Instead      [B]However         [C]Likewise      [D]Therefore

　　4.[A]indicator     [B]objective       [C]origin        [D]example

　　5.[A]impact        [B]relevance      [C]assistance    [D]concern

　　6.[A]intermsof  [B]incaseof    [C]infavorof   [D]inof

　　7.[A]measures      [B]determines      [C]equals        [D]modifies

　　8.[A]inessence    [B]incontrast   [C]inturn    [D]inpart

　　9.[A]complicated   [B]conservative   [C]variable      [D]straightforward

　　10.[A]so           [B]unlike         [C]since         [D]unless

　　11.[A]shape       [B]spirit        [C]balance       [D]taste

　　12.[A]start        [B]quality         [C]retire         [D]stay

　　13.[A]strange     [B]changeable     [C]normal         [D]constant

　　14.[A]option       [B]reason           [C]opportunity       [D]tendency

　　15.[A]employed     [B]pictured          [C]imitated         [D]monitored

　　16.[A]             [B]combined          [C]settled           [D]associated

　　17.[A]Even         [B]Still            [C]Yet               [D]Only

　　18.[A]despised     [B]corrected         [C]ignored           [D]grounded

　　19.[A]discussions  [B]businesses        [C]policies         [D]studies

　　20.[A]for          [B]against          [C]with              [D]without

　　SectionII ReadingComprehension

　　PartA

　　Directions:

　　Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.（40points）

　　Text1

　　Whatwouldyoudowith590m?

ThisisnowaquestionforGloriaMackenzie,an84-year-oldwidowwhorecentlyemergedfromhersmall,tin-roofedhouseinFloridatocollectthebiggestundividedlotteryjackpotinhistory.Ifshehopeshernew-foundfortunewillyieldlastingfeelingsoffulfillment,shecoulddoworsethanreadHappyMoneybyElizabethDumnandMichaelNorton。

　　Thesetwoacademicsuseanarrayofbehavioralresearchtoshowthatthemostrewardingwaystospendmoneycanbecounterintuitive.Fantasiesofgreatwealthofteninvolvevisionsoffancycarsandextravaganthomes.Yetsatisfactionwiththesematerialpurchaseswearsofffairlyquicklywhatwasonceexcitingandnewbecomesold-hat;regretcreepsin.Itisfarbettertospendmoneyonexperiences,sayMsDumnandMrNorton,likeinterestingtrips,uniquemealsorevengoingtothecinema.Thesepurchasesoftenbecomemorevaluablewithtime-asstoriesormemories-particularlyiftheyinvolvefeelingmoreconnectedtoothers。

　　Thisslimvolumeispackedwithtipstohelpwageslavesaswellaslotterywinnersgetthemost"happinessbangforyourbuck."Itseemsmostpeoplewouldbebetteroffiftheycouldshortentheircommutestowork,spendmoretimewithfriendsandfamilyandlessofitwatchingtelevision（somethingtheaverageAmericanspendsawhoppingtwomonthsayeardoing,andishardlyjollierforit）.Buyinggiftsorgivingtocharityisoftenmorepleasurablethanpurchasingthingsforoneself,andluxuriesaremostenjoyablewhentheyareconsumedsparingly.ThisisapparentlythereasonMacDonald'srestrictstheavailabilityofitspopularMcRib-amarketingtrickthathasturnedtheporksandwichintoanobjectofobsession。

　　Readersof“HappyMoney”areclearlyaprivilegedlot,anxiousaboutfulfillment,nothunger.Moneymaynotquitebuyhappiness,butpeopleinwealthiercountriesaregenerallyhappierthanthoseinpoorones.Yetthelinkbetweenfeelinggoodandspendingmoneyonotherscanbeseenamongrichandpoorpeoplearoundtheworld,andscarcityenhancesthepleasureofmostthingsformostpeople.Noteveryonewillagreewiththeauthors’policyideas,whichrangefrommandatingmoreholidaytimetoreducingtaxincentivesforAmericanhomebuyers.Butmostpeoplewillcomeawayfromthisbookbelievingitwasmoneywellspent。

　　21.AccordingtoDumnandNorton,whichofthefollowingisthemostrewardingpurchase?

　　[A]Abighouse  

　　[B]Aspecialtour  

　　[C]Astylishcar 

　　[D]Arichmeal

　　22.Theauthor’sattitudetowardAmericans’watchingTVis 

　　[A]critical 

　　[B]supportive 

　　[C]sympathetic 

　　[D]ambiguous 

　　23.Macribismentionedinparagraph3toshowthat  

　　[A]consumersaresometimesirrational 

　　[B]popularityusuallycomesafterquality 

　　[C]marketingtricksareaftereffective 

　　[D]raritygenerallyincreasespleasure 

　　24.Accordingtothelastparagraph,HappyMoney 

　　[A]hasleftmuchroomforreaders’criticism 

　　[B]mayprovetobeaworthwhilepurchase 

　　[C]haspredictedawiderincomegapintheus 

　　[D]maygiveitsreadersasenseofachievement 

　　25.Thistextmainlydiscusseshowto  

　　[A]balancefeelinggoodandspendingmoney 

　　[B]spendlargesumsofmoneywoninlotteries 

　　[C]obtainlastingsatisfactionfrommoneyspent 

　　[D]becomemorereasonableinspendingonluxuries

Text2

　　AnarticleinScientificAmericahaspointedoutthatempiricalresearchsaysthat,actually,youthinkyou’remorebeautifulthanyouare.Wehaveadeep-seatedneedtofeelgoodaboutourselvesandwenaturallyemployanumberofself-enhancingstrategiestoresearchintowhatthecallthe“aboveaverageeffect”，or“illusorysuperiority”，andshownthat,forexample,70%ofusrateourselvesasaboveaverageinleadership,93%indrivingand85%atgettingonwellwithothers—allobviouslystatisticalimpossibilities。

　　Werosetintourmemoriesandputourselvesintoself-affirmingsituations.Webecomedefensivewhencriticized,andapplynegativestereotypestootherstoboostourownesteem,westalkaroundthinkingwe’rehotstuff。

　　PsychologistandbehavioralscientistNicholasEpleyoversawakeystudyingintoself-enhancementandattractiveness.Ratherthathavepeoplesimplyratetheirbeautycompresswithothers,heaskedthemtoidentifyanoriginalphotograghofthemselves’fromalineupincludingversionsthathadbeenalteredtoappearmoreandlessattractive.Visualrecognition,readsthestudy,is“anautomaticpsychologicalprocessoccurringrapidlyandintuitivelywithlittleornoapparentconsciousdeliberation”.Ifthesubjectsquicklychoseafalselyflatteringimage-whichmustdid-theygenuinelybelieveditwasreallyhowtheylooked.Epleyfoundnosignificantgenderdifferenceinresponses.Norwasthereanyevidencethat,thosewhoself-enhancethemust（thatis,theparticipantswhothoughtthemostpositivelydoctoredpicturewerereal）weredoingsotomakeupforprofoundinsecurities.Infactthosewhothoughtthattheimageshigheruptheattractivenessscalewererealdirectlycorrespondedwiththosewhoshowedothermakersforhavinghigherself-esteem.“Idon’tthinkthefindingsthatwehavinghaveareanyevidenceofpersonaldelusion”，saysEpley.“It’sareflectionsimplyofpeoplegenerallythinkingwellofthemselves’.Ifyouaredepressed,youwon’tbeself-enhancing.KnowingtheresultsofEpley‘sstudy,itmakessensethatwhypeopleheatphotographsofthemselvesViscerally-ononelevel,theydon’tevenrecognisethepersoninthepictureasthemselves,Facebook therefore,isaself-enhancer’sparadise,wherepeoplecanshareonlythemostflatteringphotos,thecreamoftheirwit,style,beauty,intellectandlifestyleit’snotthatpeople’sprofilesaredishonest,sayscatalinatomaofWiscon—Madisonuniversity,”buttheyportrayanidealizedversionofthemselves。

　　26.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,socialpsychologisthavefoundthat______.  

　　[A]ourself-ratingsareunrealisticallyhigh

　　[B]illusorysuperiorityisbaselesseffect

　　[C]ourneedforleadershipisunnatural

　　[D]self-enhancingstra