托福听力模拟试题及答案卷八.docx

托福听力模拟试题及答案卷八.docx

《托福听力模拟试题及答案卷八.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《托福听力模拟试题及答案卷八.docx（19页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

托福听力模拟试题及答案卷八

2021年托福听力模拟试题及答案（卷八）

　　Butterfliesareamongthemostextensivelystudiedinsects—itisestimatedthat90percentoftheworld'sspecieshavescientificnames.Asaconsequence,theyareperhapsthebestgroupofinsectsforexaminingpatternsofterrestrialbioticdiversityanddistribution.Butterfliesalsohaveafavorableimagewiththegeneralpublic.Hence,theyareanexcellentgroupforcommunicatinginformationonscienceandconservationissuessuchasdiversity.

　　Perhapstheaspectofbutterflydiversitythathasreceivedthemostattentionoverthepastcenturyisthestrikingdifferenceinspeciesrichnessbetweentropicalandtemperateregions.Forexample,in1875onebiologistpointedoutthediversityofbutterfliesintheAmazonwhenhementionedthatabout700specieswerefoundwithinanhour'swalk,whereasthetotalnumberfoundontheBritishislandsdidnotexceed66,andthewholeofEuropesupportedonly321.Thisearlycomparisonoftropicalandtemperatebutterflyrichnesshasbeenwellconfirmed.

　　Ageneraltheoryofdiversitywouldhavetopredictnotonlythisdifferencebetweentemperateandtropicalzones,butalsopatternswithineachregion,andhowthesepatternsvaryamongdifferentanimalandplantgroups.However,forbutterflies,variationofspeciesrichnesswithintemperateortropicalregions,rathermanbetweenthem,ispoorlyunderstood.Indeed,comparisonsofnumbersofspeciesamongtheAmazonbasin,tropicalAsia,andAfricaarestillmostly"personalcommunication"citations,evenforvertebrates.Inotherwords,unlikecomparisonbetweentemperateandtropicalareas,thesepatternsarestillinthedocumentationphase.

　　Indocumentinggeographicalvariationinbutterflydiversity,somearbitrary,practicaldecisionsaremade.Diversity,numberofspecies,andspeciesrichnessareusedsynonymously;littleisknownabouttheevennessofbutterflydistribution.TheNewWorldbutterfliesmakeupthepreponderanceofexamplesbecausetheyarethemostfamiliarspecies.Itishopedthatbyfocusingonthem,theerrorsgeneratedbyimperfectandincompletetaxonomywillbeminimized.

　　1.Whichaspectofbutterfliesdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

　　（A）Theirphysicalcharacteristics

　　（B）Theirnames

　　（C）Theiradaptationtodifferenthabitats

　　（D）Theirvariety

　　2.Theword"consequence"inline2isclosestinmeaningto

　　（A）result

　　（B）explanation

　　（C）analysis

　　（D）requirement

　　3.Butterfliesareagoodexampleforcommunicatinginformationaboutconservationissuesbecausethey

　　（A）aresimpleinstructure

　　（B）areviewedpositivelybypeople

　　（C）havebeengivenscientificnames

　　（D）arefoundmainlyintemperateclimates

　　4.Theword"striking引人注目的"inline8isclosestinmeaningto

　　（A）physical

　　（B）confusing

　　（C）noticeable

　　（D）successful

　　5.Theword"exceed超过"inline11isclosestinmeaningto

　　（A）locate

　　（B）allow

　　（C）gobeyond

　　（D）comecloseto

　　6.AllofthefollowingarementionedasbeingimportantpartsofageneraltheoryofdiversityEXCEPT

　　（A）differencesbetweentemperateandtropicalzones

　　（B）patternsofdistributionofspeciesineachregion

　　（C）migrationamongtemperateandtropicalzones

　　（D）variationofpatternsofdistributionofspeciesamongdifferentanimalsandplants

　　7.TheauthormentionstropicalAsiainlines19asanexampleofalocationwhere

　　（A）butterflybehaviorvarieswithclimate

　　（B）ageneraltheoryofbutterflydiversityhasnotyetbeenfirmlyestablished

　　（C）butterfliesareaffectedbyhumanpopulations

　　（D）documentingplantspeciesismoredifficultthandocumentingbutterflyspecies

　　8.WhichofthefollowingisNOTwellunderstoodbybiologists?

　　（A）Europeanbutterflyhabitats

　　（B）Differencesinspeciesrichnessbetweentemperateandtropicalregions

　　（C）Differencesinspeciesrichnesswithinatemperateoratropicalregion

　　（D）Comparisonsofbehaviorpatternsofbutterfliesandcertainanimalgroups

　　9.Theword"generated引起，导致"inline26isclosestinmeaningto

　　（A）requested

　　（B）caused

　　（C）assisted

　　（D）estimated

　　DABCCCBCB

　　语法小试牛刀

　　43.IntheUnitedStates,（the）attorneygeneralisacabinet内阁（member）incharge（with）the（administration）oftheDepartmentofJustice.

　　答案:

Cwithàof

　　44.（Toward）theendofhislife,JohnSingerSargent（returned）tothepaintingoflandscapesand（theuse）ofwatercolors,（of）whichheexcelled.擅长

　　答案:

Dofàat

　　（4）of+抽象名词eg:

anobjectofvalue=avaluableobject,itisofgreatvalue=itisveryvaluable其它如：

ofinterest/value/importance/necessity/help/nouse,etc.

　　7.固定词组及搭配adv+prep=prep

　　asidefrom,becauseof,onaccountof,accordingto,regardlessof,inspiteof,inhonorof,contraryto,onthecontrary,bymeansof,dueto,owingto,thanksto,onthebasisof,indangerof,inviewof,insteadof,inadditionto,forthesakeof,forthemostpart,inresponseto

　　Duringthesecondhalfofthenineteenthcentury,theproductionoffoodandfeedcropsintheUnitedStatesroseatanextraordinarilyrapidrate.Cornproductionincreasedbyfourandahalftimes,haybyfivetimes,oatsandwheatbyseventimes.Themostcrucialfactorbehindthisphenomenalupsurgeinproductivitywasthewidespreadadoptionoflabor-savingmachinerybynorthernfarmers.By1850horse-drawnreapingmachinesthatcutgrainwerebeingintroducedintothemajorgrain-growingregionsofthecountry.Horse-poweredthreshingmachinestoseparatetheseedsfromtheplantswerealreadyingeneraluse.However,itwastheonsetoftheCivilWarin1861thatprovidedthegreatstimulusforthemechanizationofnorthernagriculture.Withmuchofthelaborforceinductedintothearmyandwithgrainpricesontherise,northernfarmersrushedtoavailthemselvesofthenewlabor-savingequipment.In1860therewereapproximately80,000reapersinthecountry;fiveyearslatertherewere350,000.

　　Afterthecloseofthewarin1865,machinerybecameevermoreimportantinnorthernagriculture,andimprovedequipmentwascontinuallyintroduced.By1880aself-bindingreaperhadbeenperfectedthatnotonlycutthegrain,butalsogatheredthestalksandboundthemwithtwine.Threshingmachineswerealsobeingimprovedandenlarged,andafter1870theywereincreasinglypoweredbysteamenginesratherthanbyhorses.Sincesteam-poweredthreshingmachineswerecostlyitems—runningfrom$1,000to$4,000—theywereusuallyownedbycustomthresherownerswhothenworkedtheirwayfromfarmtofarmduringtheharvestseason."Combines"werealsocomingintouseonthegreatwheatranchesinCaliforniaandthePacificNorthwest.Theseponderousmachines—sometimespulledbyasmanyas40horses—reapedthegrain,threshedit,andbaggedit,allinonesimultaneousoperation.

　　Theadoptionoflabor-savingmachineryhadaprofoundeffectuponthesaleofagriculturaloperationsinthenorthernstates—allowingfarmerstoincreasevastlytheircropacreage.Bytheendofcentury,afarmeremployingthenewmachinerycouldplantandharvesttwoandhalftimesasmuchcornasafarmerhadusinghandmethods50yearsbefore.

　　1.WhataspectoffarmingintheUnitedStatesinthenineteenthcenturydoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

　　（A）Howlabor-savingmachineryincreasedcropProduction

　　（B）WhysouthernfarmswerenotassuccessfulasSuccessfulasnorthernfarms

　　（C）FarmingpracticesbeforetheCivilWar

　　（D）Theincreaseinthenumberofpeoplefarming

　　2.Theword"crucial至关重要的"inline4isclosestinmeaningto

　　（A）obvious

　　（B）unbelievable

　　（C）important

　　（D）desirable

　　3.Thephrase"avail利用themselves"inline11isclosestinmeaningto

　　（A）takecare

　　（B）makeuse

　　（C）getrid

　　（D）domore

　　4.Accordingtothepassage,whywastheCivilWarastimulusformechanization?

　　（A）Thearmyneededmoregraininordertofeedthesoldiers.

　　（B）Technologydevelopedforthewarcouldalsotheusedbyfarmers.

　　（C）Itwashopedthatharvestingmoregrainwouldlowerthepriceofgrain.

　　（D）Machineswereneededtoreplaceadisappearinglaborforce.

　　5.ThepassagesupportswhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutmachineryaftertheCivilWar?

　　（A）Manyfarmerspreferrednottousethenewmachinery.

　　（B）Returninglaborersreplacedtheuseofmachinery.

　　（C）Theuseoffarmmachinerycontinuedtoincrease.

　　（D）Poor-qualitymachineryslowedthepaceofcropproduction.

　　6.Combinesandself-bindingreapersweresimilarbecauseeach

　　（A）couldperformmorethanonefunction

　　（B）requiredrelativelylittlepowertooperate

　　（C）wasutilizedmainlyinCalifornia

　　（D）requiredtwopeopletooperate

　　7.Theword"they"inline19refersto

　　（A）grainstalks

　　（B）threshingmachines

　　（C）steamengines

　　（D）horses

　　8.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatmostfarmersdidnotownthreshingmachinesbecause

　　（A）farmersdidnotknowhowtousethenewmachines

　　（B）farmershadnospacetokeepthemachines

　　（C）thresherownerhadchancetobuythemachinesbeforefarmersdid

　　（D）themachinesweretooexpensiveforeveryfarmertoown

　　9.Theword"ponderous沉重的，笨重的"inline21isclosestinmeaningto

　　（A）advanced

　　（B）heavy

　　（C）complex

　　（D）rapid

　　ACBDCABDB

　　语法小试牛刀

（1）遗漏n1.+n2àn1+of+n2两个名词不见面

　　例题：

　　46.（Anumberof）thePacificIslandsarevolcanoesthathave（pushedupfrom）theoceanfloor;othersarethe（topssunken）mountain（ranges）.

　　答案:

Ctopssunkenàtopsofsunken

　　53.ChristopherPlummerisaCanadian（actor）（who）hasstarred（instage）,television,andfilmproductionsonboth（sidesthe）AtlanticOcean.

　　答案:

Dsidestheàsidesofthe

（2）多余

　　eg:

Whenshewas（fortyyearsofold）,MaryMorrisVaux（