届高考英语第二轮阅读理解调研复习题24.docx

届高考英语第二轮阅读理解调研复习题24.docx

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届高考英语第二轮阅读理解调研复习题24

梨树县（吉林）2016高考英语阅读理解（二轮）选编

（2）及参考答案

请阅读下列短文，从每篇短文后所给各题的A，B，C，D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Coffeeisapowerfulbeverage．Onapersonallevel，ithelpskeepUSawakeandactive．Onamuchbroaderlevel，ithashelpedshapeourhistoryandcontinuestoshapeourculture．

Coffeedidn’ttakeoffuntilthel400swhenpeoplefiguredouttheycouldroastitsseeds．Bythel500s，thedrinkhadspreadtocoffeehousesacrosstheArabworld．Withinanotherl50years，ittookEuropebystorm．

“Itactuallyhadamajorimpactontheriseofbusiness，”historianMarkPendergrastsays．Coffeehousesbecameaspotnotjusttoenjoyacupbuttoexchangeideas．TheinsurerLloyd’sofLondonwasfoundedhundredsofyearsagoinoneofLondon’s2,000coffeehouses．Literature，newspapersandeventheworksofgreatcomposerslikeBachandBeethovenwerealsospawned（涌现）incoffeehouses．

ItisoftensaidthataftertheBostonTeaPartyofl773，whenAmericancolonistsattackedBritishteashipsandthrewboxesofteaintotheharbor，Americansuniversallyswitchedovertodrinkingcoffee．InaletterJohnAdamswrotetohiswife，Abigail，theFoundingFatherclaimshisloveofteabutsayshewillhavetolearntoembracecoffeeinstead，becausedrinkingteahadbecomeasymbolofnotlovingthecountry．

Foralltheupsidescoffeehasbroughtthemodernworld，italsoledtoitsfairshareofdownsides，too．Europeanscarriedcoffeewiththemastheycolonizedvariouspartsoftheworld，andthisfrequentlymeanttheyenslavedpeopleinordertogrowit．InBrazil—whereslaverywaslegaluntill888—coffeeplantationswoulduseslash-and-burnagriculture，tearingdownrainforestsandplantingcoffeetrees．Oncethesoilhadbeenexhausted，growerswouldmoveontoanotherplace．

Andyet，coffee，asPendergrastsays，”hadaverygoodimpactinmanywaysonourcivilization，eventhoughitwas，foralongtime，grownbyslaves．”

48．Whydidpeopleenjoygoingtocoffeehouses?

A．Becauseitwasafashiontodrinkcoffee．

B．Becausecoffeehousesprovidedabetterflavor．

C．Becausetheycouldstayawakeandactivethere．

D．Becausetheycouldexchangeideasthere．

49．Whatcanwelearnfromthefourthparagraph?

A．Americancolonistsmadegreatprofitsbytradingincoffee．

B．Teawasregardedasasymboloflovingone’scountry．

C．CoffeebecameverypopularaftertheincidentinBoston．

D．JohnAdamswastheFoundingFatheroftheTeaParty．

50．Inthefifthparagraph．thewriterpointsoutthat__________.

A．Coffeeplantationwascloselyconnectedwithslavery

B．coffeeplantationledtooutdatedagricultureinBrazil

C．slaveryinBrazilhadbeenagainstthelawuntill888

D．slaverywasresponsibleforthedamagetorainforests

51．Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthispassage?

A．Someinterestingstoriesaboutcoffeeculture．

B．ImportantRolesthatcoffeeplayedinhistory．

C．Howcoffeebecamethemostpopularbeverage．

D．HowcoffeeaffectedAmerica’sindependence．

【参考答案】48—51、DCAB

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

（TheAffectofElectricityonCancer）

 Canelectricitycausecancer?

Inasocietythatliterallyrunsonelectricpower,theveryideaseemspreposterous.Butformorethanadecade,agrowingbandofscientistsandjournalistshaspointedtostudiesthatseemtolinkexposuretoelectromagneticfieldswithincreasedriskofleukemiaandothermalignancies.Theimplicationsareunsettling,tosaytheleast,sinceeveryonecomesintocontactwithsuchfields,whicharegeneratedbyeverythingelectrical,frompowerlinesandantennastopersonalcomputersandmicro-waveovens.Becauseevidenceonthesubjectisinconclusiveandoftencontradictory,ithasbeenhardtodecidewhetherconcernaboutthehealtheffectsofelectricityislegitimate—ortheworstkindofparanoia.

  NowthealarmistshavegainedsomequalifiedsupportfromtheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency.Intheexecutivesummaryofanewscientificreview,releasedindraftformlatelastweek,theEPAhasputforwardwhatamountstothemostseriousgovernmentwarningtodate.Theagencytentativelyconcludesthatscientificevidence“suggestsacasuallink”betweenextremelylow-frequencyelectromagneticfields—thosehavingverylongwave-lengths—andleukemia,lymphomaandbraincancer,WhilethereportfallsshortofclassifyingELFfieldsasprobablecarcinogens,itdoesidentifythecommon60-hertzmagneticfieldas“apossible,butnotproven,causeofcancerinhumans.”

  Thereportisnoreasontopanic—oreventolostsleep.Ifthereisacancerrisk,itisasmallone.TheevidenceisstillsocontroversialthatthedraftstirredagreatdealofdebatewithintheBushAdministration,andtheEPAreleaseditoverstrongobjectionsfromthePentagonandtheWhitHouse.Butnownoonecandenythattheissuemustbetakenseriouslyandthatmuchmoreresearchisneeded.

Attheheartofthedebateisasimpleandwell-understoodphysicalphenomenon:

Whenanelectriccurrentpassesthroughawire,titgeneratesanelectromagneticfieldthatexertsforcesonsurroundingobjects,Formanyyears,scientistsdismissedanysuggestionthatsuchforcesmightbeharmful,primarilybecausetheyaresoextraordinarilyweak.TheELFmagneticfieldgeneratedbyavideoterminalmeasuresonlyafewmilligauss,oraboutone-hundredththestrengthoftheearth’sownmagneticfield,Theelectricfieldssurroundingapowerlinecanbeashighas10kilovoltspermeter,butthecorrespondingfieldinducedinhumancellswillbeonlyabout1millivoltpermeter.Thisisfarlessthantheelectricfieldsthatthecellsthemselvesgenerate.

Howcouldsuchminusculeforcesposeahealthdanger?

Theconsensususedtobethattheycouldnot,andfordecadesscientistsconcentratedonmorepowerfulkindsofradiation,likeX-rays,thatpacksufficientwalloptoknockelectronsoutofthemoleculesthatmakeupthehumanbody.Such“ionizing”radiationshavebeenclearlylinkedtoincreasedcancerrisksandthereareregulationstocontrolemissions.

Butepidemiologicalstudies,whichfindstatisticalassociationsbetweensetsofdata,donotprovecauseandeffect.ThoughthereisabodyoflaboratoryworkshowingthatexposuretoELFfieldscanhavebiologicaleffectsonanimaltissues,amechanismbywhichthoseeffectscouldleadtocancerousgrowthshasneverbeenfound.

ThePentagonisforfrompersuaded.Inablistering33-pagecritiqueoftheEPAreport,AirForcescientistschargeitsauthorswithhaving“biasedtheentiredocument”towardprovingalink.“Ourreviewersareconvincedthatthereisnosuggestionthat（electromagneticfields）presentintheenvironmentinduceorpromotecancer,”theAirForceconcludes.“ItisastonishingthattheEPAwouldlenditsimprimaturonthisreport.”ThenPentagon’sconcernisunderstandable.Thereishardlyaunitofthemodernmilitarythatdoesnotdependontheheavyuseofsomekindofelectronicequipment,fromhugeground-basedradartowerstothedefensesystemsbuiltintoeverywarshipandplane.

1.Themainideaofthispassageis

[A].studiesonthecauseofcancer   

.controversialview-pointsinthecauseofcancer

[C].therelationshipbetweenelectricityandcancer.

[D].differentideasabouttheeffectofelectricityoncaner.

2.Theview-pointoftheEPAis

[A].thereiscasuallinkbetweenelectricityandcancer.

.electricityreallyaffectscancer.

[C].controversial.

[D].lowfrequencyelectromagneticfieldisapossiblecauseofcancer

3.WhydidthePentagonandWhitHouseobjecttothereleaseofthereport?

Because

[A].itmaystiragreatdealofdebateamongtheBushAdministration.

.everyunitofthemodernmilitaryhasdependedontheheavyuseofsomekindofelectronicequipment.

[C].thePentagon’sconcernwasunderstandable.

[D].theyhaddifferentarguments.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromphysicalphenomenon

[A].theforceoftheelectromagneticfieldistooweaktobeharmful.

.theforceoftheelectromagneticfieldisweakerthantheelectricfieldthatthecellsgenerate.

[C].electromagneticfieldmayaffecthealth.

[D].onlymorepowerfulradiationcanknockelectronoutofhumanbody.

5.Whatdoyouthinkordinarycitizensmaydoafterreadingthedifferentarguments?

[A].Theyareindifferent.      .Theyareworriedverymuch.

[C].Themayexerciseprudentavoidance.    [C].Theyareshocked.

Vocabulary

1. preposterous     反常的，十分荒谬的，乖戾的

2. leukemia       白血病

3. malignancy      恶性肿瘤

4. legitimate      合法的，合理的

5. paranoia       偏执狂，妄想狂。

这里指：

无根据的担心。

6. lymphoma      淋巴瘤

7. carcinogen      致癌物

8. minuscule       很小的，很不重要

9. consensus       舆论

10. wallop        乱窜，猛冲，冲击力

11. epidemiological    流行病学的

12. blistering       罗嗦的，胡扯的

13. critique        评论，批评

14. imprimatur      出版许可（官方审查后的），批准

难句译注

1.   Becauseevidenceonthesubjectisinconclusiveandoftencontradictory,ithasbeenhardtodecidewhetherconcernaboutthehealtheffectsofelectricityislegitimate—ortheworstkindofparanoia.

[参考译文] 由于这问题的证据还不是结论性的，而且常常是矛盾的，所以就难以断定有关电力对身体的影响的顾虑是合乎情理，还是毫无根据的怀疑。

2. EPA——U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency 美国环境保护署

3．   Whilethereportfallsshort（缺乏，不够）ofclassifyingELFfieldsasprobablecarcinogens,itdoesidentifythecommon60-hertzmagneticfieldas“apossible,butnotproven,causeofcancerinhumans.”

[参考译文] 虽然报告没有把极低频磁场归类为可能致癌物，但它确实指出通常60赫兹的磁场是“一种虽尚未证实，但可能导致人患癌症的因素。

” 

4．   Theevidenceisstillsocontroversialthatthedraftstirreda                  greatdealofdebatewithintheBushAdministration,andtheEPAreleaseditoverstrongobjectionsfromthePentagonandtheWhitHouse

[参考译文] 证据争议性仍然很大，所以报告草案在布什政府内引起巨大的争辩，而环保署无视无角大楼和白宫的强烈反对，公布了这份报告。

5.   Thisisfarlessthanthe