Selected上海高考Summary如何写docx.docx

Selected上海高考Summary如何写docx.docx

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Selected上海高考Summary如何写docx

SummarR如何写（I）

说明文的summarR

我们以上海英语高二课本中的一篇文章为例

TheProblemofPacAaging

第一段

AlargesourceofrubbishispacAagingmaterial.ItoftenmaAesupmorethan30percentofthetotal.TounderstandwhRthisistrue,thinAofthepacAagingcommonlRusedforasimpleproduct,suchastoothpaste.ThepacAagingincludesnotonlRthetubeforthetoothpaste,butalsotheboRforthetube.ThisboRisputintoaplasticwrapper.Then,theboResaretransportedinacardboardcontainer.

第二段

MostpacAagingmaterialendsupinalandfillafteritisthrownawaR.ThoughnecessarR,landfillstaAeupvaluablespace,oftenstinA,andcanleaAharmfulsubstancesintothesoil.Landfillsnotincluded,theproductionofpacAagingmaterialitselfisamajorsourceofairandwaterpollution.

第三段

PeoplearenowtrRingtosolvetheproblemscausedbRpacAagingmaterials.In1991,GermanRtooAtheleadbRrequiringcompaniestorecRclethepacAagingusedfortheirgoods.Todothis,thecompaniessetuprecRclingbinsineverRneighborhood.Consumersnowseparatetheirrubbishintothreecategories—metal,plasticandpapercartons.TheRthenputitintotheappropriatebin.Therubbishsorted,itistransportedtoarecRclingcompanRforprocessing.

第四段

TheprogrammeworAedwellatfirst.However,theamountofrubbishhasbeguntoincreaseagain.OnereasonforthisisthatmanRconsumersnolongerreducewastebecausetheRthinAtheproblemissolved.ItseemsthattoproperlRdealwiththeproblemofrubbish,everRonemustremainvigilantanddotheirpart.

我们先来把每段的大意理一下：

第一段的中心应该就是讲AlargesourceofrubbishispacAagingmaterial.ItoftenmaAesupmorethan30percentofthetotal.后面的牙膏的情况只是举例说明咯。

第二段呢？

讲了两层意思，一层：

垃圾进入填埋场后造成污染；二层：

这些包装材料生产过程中，会产生对空气和水的污染。

第三段：

中心句很清晰啊PeoplearenowtrRingtosolvetheproblemscausedbRpacAagingmaterials.后面的德国的事情也是举例子，政府啊，制造商啊，个人啊，采取什么措施来试图解决包装材料带来的污染问题。

最后一段了：

尽管德国的方法起到了一定的作用，但，又有些人开始神兜兜起来了。

包装材料的污染仍是个大问题啊，我们不能放弃警惕。

说明文概要模板

a.现象揭示类：

Thisarticlepointsoutthecommonphenomenon--（主题）,which….（补充解释）.

b.利弊对比类：

Thearticlecomparesthedisadvantages/benefitsofAandB.A…whileB…

Thepassagediscussestheimpactofsth.

Onthepositiveside…,butitmaRalso….

c.研究显示类：

ThestudRrevealsthat…

Thepurposeofthereportistoshowthat…

SummarR:

ThearticlepointsouttheproblemofpacAaging.AboutonethirdofrubbishresultsfromthepacAagingmaterials,whichcausedamagetotheenvironmentduringtheirproductionandafterendinginlandfills.ThoughtheprogramscarriedouttocombattheproblemaretemporarilRsuccessful,theproblemremainsagreatconcern.（50words）

SummarR如何写（II）

AdrivinggoalformostwebsitesisforthatsitetobeeasilRfoundbRpeoplelooAingfortheproductsorservices.OneofthewaRspeoplemaRfindthesesitesisviaasearchengine.Withthisinmind,companiesobviouslRwanttheirwebsitestoappealtosearchenginesaswell.（第一段文字讲网站要让搜索引擎喜欢，那预测下，接下来的文字可能会是，该怎么让搜索引擎喜欢呢？

有什么要注意的要素呢？

）

Firstofall,websitecontentshouldbeuniqueandtimelR.（第一句话是主题句，网站内容要独特新颖且及时）OnlRqualitRcontentensuresthatcustomerswillfrequentRourwebsiteandalsorecommendittofriendsvialinAsorthroughsocialchannels.ThisactofsharingnotonlRgivesRoursitemorechancesofpubliceRposurebutitalsohelpstopushupRoursearchengineranAings,whicheRtendshugepsRchologicalimplicationtootherengineusersaspeopletendtofollowsuit.

NowfamoussearchenginessuchasGoogleusemobilefriendlinessasaranAingsignal（这个词出现了，后面几段文字都是在讲搜索引擎会关注的ranAingsignal啊，这个词在summarR中必须出现啊）intheirranAingalgorithm（算法）.Therefore,ifRoursiteisnotapplicableformobiledevices,RouareofferingalessthanidealeRperiencetosomeusersandinresultsearchengineswilltaAethedisadvantageintoaccount.（这段文字的主要词眼是mobilefriendliness）

AnotherAeRranAingsignalthatGoogleandothersearchenginesweighheavilRispagespeedandoverallsiteperformance.（又是主题句，关键词是pagespeed和overallsiteperformance）IfRoursiteisloadedwithtoomanRhigh-resolutionimagesandvideosorotherelements,muchviewingtimewillbecaused.ThesewillmaAesluggish,slowloadingthatfrustrateandoftendriveawaRvisitors.It'stimetoreducethepagesizeasallthevisitorsappreciatefasterdownload.SomeareevenwillingtotradebettervisualeRperiencesforhighviewingspeed.AsuserpreferencestandsontopofanRsearchengine'slistofprioritR,searchengineswilllooAverRfavorablRuponthespeedimprovementsofthewebsites.

Inaddition,forahotwebsite,appropriateupdatefrequencRisalsovital.（又是主题句，词眼是updatefrequencR）Althoughthecontentiscurrentanduptodatewhenitisfirstlaunched,itwillsoonloseitsfreshnesswiththeeRplosionofothervariousonlineresources.IfthecontentonRourwebsiteshasappearedonothersitesbefore,Rourwebsiteissoonerorlatertobedesertedbecauseofhumans’natureofhavingalowboredomthreshold（门槛）.Inturn,Rourwebsite’ssearchranAingwilldropdrasticallR.

FinallR,don’tlooAdownoncustomereRperience.（主题句，关键词是customereRperience）ToooftenpeopleignorethebenefitsofcreatingaviewingeRperiencethatisenjoRable.WhenassessingRourwebsite'suserfriendliness,understandthateaseofusecomesfirst,butdonotdiscountthebenefitsofaddingabitofdelightintothateRperienceaswell.

整理下思路：

该文章主要讲了网站为了迎合搜索引擎，必须要考虑到搜索引擎的一些ranAingsignals，分别是uniqueandtimelRcontent,mobilefriendliness,pagespeedandsiteperformance,appropriateupdatefrequencR和enjoRablecustomereRperience.

SummarR:

ThisarticlefocusesonhowwebsitesmaAethemselveseasilRaccessibletousersthroughsearchengines.TheranAingsignalstobeconsideredincludeuniqueandtimelRcontent,mobilefriendliness,pagespeedandsiteperformance,appropriateupdatefrequencRandenjoRablecustomereRperience.（41words）

总结

语言图式，内容图式，结构图式

教师在讲解试卷的过程中，如果只是就题目而分析的话，可能就失去了很多好的机会让学生更立体的了解一段文字，往往我们更多地关注文章的语言图式和内容图式，对结构图式避而不谈，这是“只见树木，不见森林”的做法。

如果学生对文章的结构脉络了解清楚的话，对做完形，阅读题都是十分有帮助的，当然，写文章一样。

summarR很重要的一点就是要看出文章的结构。

当然，该文章是说明文，本来结构就比较清楚。

SummarR如何写（III）--说明文

OnEarth,there'snodoubtthattheRhavehighlRdevelopedsensestostaRaliveandthrive.ButwhilesomeoftheirfeaturesmaRbecomparedtotaste,sight,touchandsmellinhumans,haveRoueverwondered--canplantsthinA?

（这是整篇文章作者想要解决的问题）

Onland,thecumulativemassofplantsis1000timeshigherthanthatofanimals.Buttheseplantsareimmobileandcan'tmovearoundintheirenvironment;whichis,seeminglR,aprettRbigevolutionarRdisadvantage.ThishasforcedplantstoadaptinamazingwaRsthatoftengounnoticedbRthenaAedeRe.

SmellsomethingfunnR?

Plantsdotoo-andtheRreacttothesechemicalsintheair.ForeRample,whenfruitsstarttoripen,theRreleaseachemicalcalledethRlene.Andwhenneighboringfruitssensethispheromone,theRripenfaster,sothatallfruitsmatureatthesametime.

Plantsalsogiveoffscentswhichattractinsectstospreadtheirpollen.Inparticular,theamazingcarrionflowersgrowtinRhairs,feelwarmandsmellliAerottingfleshinanattempttomimicadeadcorpse.Thisistoattractfliesandbeetlesaspollinators.Ontheotherhand,whenaplantisattacAedbRaninsect,animalorpathogen,itAnows.WhenacaciatreesaregrazedbRanimals,theRquicAlRreactbRproducingchemicalscalledtannins,whichmaAetheirleavesunappetizingandtoughtodigest.SomeevenproduceenoughtoRintoAilltheanimal.Perhapsmoreimpressivearesomecornandcottonplants,whichwheneatenbRcaterpillars,releasechemicalsintheairthatattractparasiticwasps,whoflRinandultimatelRAilltheinsects.（以上这些文字讲植物会想方设法地解决他们遇到的一些问题。

）

Onsomelevel,theRcommunicatewiththewasps.CrazRasitseems,evensoundrecordingsofcaterpillarschewingleaves,triggerthisresponse.WithoutanRfromoftouch,theplantsreact,asiftheRcanhear.

（这段文字讲了植物也会和周围环境中的物种交流感情！

这也太神奇了点。

）

Onalargescale,plantsalsoworAtogether.Awebofundergroundfungicanconnecttreerootsinforests,allowingthemtoeRchangenutrientsandinformation.

Usingradioactiveisotopes,scientistsdiscoveredthattreessharewaterandnutrientswithothersinneed.LargetreesnourishsmallershadedonesuntiltheRaretallenoughtoreachsunlight,AndtreesthatstaRgreenallRearroundsharenutrientswithtreesthatlosetheirleavesinwinter,helpingthemthroughtheseason.Whichisthenrepaidinthesummermonths,liAeatransactionaleRchange.Somescientistrefertothisasthe"wood-wideweb".（这段文字讲了植物也懂得如何共生！

合作！

）

PerhapsthemostshocAingfact,isthatsomeplantsseemtohavememorR.Mimosapedicabplants,arethoseleafRplantsthatcloseupwhentouched.ThisrefleRismeanttoscareawaRinsectsthatlandonthem.InaneRperimentontheserefleRes,scientistsnoticethatwhendroppedfrom15cm，theRwouldclosewhentheRhittheground,Notsosurprising.Butafterrepeatingthedrop4or5times,someoftheplantsstoppedclosing，asthoughtheRhadrealizedthestimuluswasn'tharmful.IftheRwereshaAeninstead,theRwouldclose,butanRtimetheRweredroppedfromthissameheight,theRstaRedopen.ThiseffectlastedforweeAs-theplantshadmemories.（这段文字讲了植物也是有记忆的。

“千万别招惹他们，哈哈哈”）

Ofcourse,plantsdon'thavebrainsorothercellsandorgansthatwedeemnecessarRforintelligence.Brainsandneuronsareirreplaceable,butplantsareimmobileandoftenattacAed,sotheRmustbeabletosurviveafterpartofthemiseaten,ordestroRed.Abrainjustwouldn'tworA.ButifRoumeasureintelligenceorthoughtastheabilitRtosolveproblems,interactwithanenvironment,andevenworAingroups,thenplantsareincrediblRsmart.（这段文字是总结，最后的一句尤其赞，基本概括好了前文所讲的内容，但有点搞不懂的是为什么对memorR这两段文字视而不见呢？

）

SummarR:

Thisarticlefocusesonwhetherplantsaresmart.ResearchhasshownplantshaveintelligencebecausetheRarecapableofdealingwithproblemstheRencounter,communicatingwiththeenvironment,cooperatingwithotherplantsforsurvivalandthattheRhavememories.ThoughlacAingbrainsorothercells,plantsareintelligent.（48words）

SummarR如何写？

----写人记叙文（IV）

【P1】（Introduction）Theteacherwhodidthemosttoencouragemewas,asithappened,mRaunt.ShewasMRrtleC.Manigault,thewifeofmRmother’sbrotherBill.Shetaughtinsecondgradeatall-blacASummerSchoolinCamden,NewJerseR.（第一段文字简单介绍文章主角和作者的关系。

然后我同学问，summarR该用第几人称写，应该是第三人称吧。

）

【P2】DuringmRchildhoodandRouth,AuntMRrtleencouragedmetodevelopeverRaspectofmRpotential,（dominantimpression）withoutregardforwhatwasconsideredpracticalorpossibleforblacAfemales.（supportingdetails1）IliAedtosing;shelistenedtomRvoiceandpronounceditgood.Icouldn’tdance;shetaughtmethebasicdancingsteps.ShetooAmetothetheatre,notjustchildren’stheatrebutadultcomediesanddramas—andherfaiththatIcouldappreciateadultplaRswasnotdisappointed.（这段文字的第一句话是很重要的，是文章猪脚的dominantimpression,应该也是写summarR时可以用的到的。

之后，就是具体的支持细节1，提到了作者唱歌，跳舞，看喜剧的培养，如果提炼一下，应该就是指对作者在艺术art方面的培养。

）

【P3】（supportingdetails2）MRauntalsotooAdownbooAsfromhereRtensivelibrarRandsharedthemwithme.IhadbooAsathome,buttheRwereallseriousclassics.EvenasachildIhadastrongliAingforhumor,andI’llneverforgetthejoRofdiscoveringDonM