unit1单词doc学生版.docx
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unit1单词doc学生版
Thisessaymainlydiscussesthepurposeofeducation.Thecollegeeducationatitsbestshouldmovethestudentfromcompetencetocommitment.
I.ThemainideaofPart1（PP1-2）:
Whereshouldtoday'suniversitystudentsputtheirfaithinthisuncertainage?
1.competencen.=beingabletodosthwell,ability能力/havecompetencefor/as/insth||havecompetenceindoingsth||competencetodosth
ability,capacity,capability,genius,talent,competence,faculty,gift,aptitude 这些名词均可表示人的“能力，才能”之意。
ability→普通用词，指人先天的或学来的各种能力。
capacity→侧重指人的潜在能力，通常不指体力，多指才智，尤指接受与领悟能力。
capability→多用于人，指胜任某项具体工作的能力，也指本身具有、尚未发挥的潜在能力。
常与of或for连用。
genius→语气最强，指天赋的高度才能与智力。
talent→着重指人某方面具有可发展和倍养的突出天赋才能，但语意比genius弱。
competence→正式用词，侧重指令人满意的业务能力与水平，达到胜任某项工作等的要求。
faculty→指特殊的才能或智力。
gift→着重个人的天赋的才能或在某方面的显著本领，常暗含不能用一般规律作解释的意味。
aptitude→多指先天或后天习得的运用自如的能力，常暗示接受能力强，能迅速掌握一种学术训练或艺术技巧。
e.g.:
Andtheirlanguageandlinguisticcompetenceshouldbeimproved.
Noonedoubtshercompetenceasateacher.
Noonedoubtshercompetenceinsolvingtheproblem.
competentadj.competentas/at/insth||competenttodosthe.g.Sheisnotcompetenttolookafteryoungchildren/Heisahighlycompetentdriver.
2.Commit
委托;委任（com共同＋mit→共同送→委任）[Miss,mit=send,cast,表示"送,放出"]
v.把...交托给,提交;犯（错误）,干（坏事）
Thecommitteeadmitsitcommittedanomissionincommissioningthemission.
Commitment（tosthortodosth）n.thehardworkandloyaltythatsb.givestoanorganizationactivity.承诺，保证；信奉，献身；承担的义务
commitmenttosth||commitmenttodosth
1willingnesstogivetime/energytosth
~hislifelongcommitmenttothesocialistcause
2aresponsibility
♦♦com|mit|ment（commitments）
1[N-UNCOUNT]oftNton
Commitmentisastrongbeliefinanideaorsystem.
mitmenttotheidealsofBolshevism.（Bolshevik布尔什维克）
2[N-COUNT]
Acommitmentissomethingwhichregularlytakesupsomeofyourtimebecauseofanagreementyouhavemadeorbecauseofresponsibilitiesthatyouhave.
3[N-COUNT]usuNto-inf,Nton
Ifyoumakeacommitmenttodosomething,youpromisethatyouwilldoit.（FORMAL）
Wemadeacommitmenttokeepworkingtogether...
Theymadeacommitmenttopeace.
e.g.:
IfeltIdidnothavetomakesuchacommitmenttothem.
MyaunthasasincerecommitmenttoBuddhism.
TheChinesegovernmentdoesstandforthepeacefulsettlementoftheTaiwanQuestion,butmakesnocommitmentfornotusingforcebecausesuchacommitmentwouldn'thelpthepeacefulsettlement."
Hehastakenontoomanycommitments.
Wemadeacommitmenttopayourbillsontime.
3.ErnestBoyer:
aformerCommissionerofEducationinUSA.Inthearticle,ErnestBoyerdiscussesalotofproblemsabouthighereducationintheUSandhealsotellsushowtosolvetheseproblemsErnestBoyerissurethatundergraduateeducationcanmakeadifferenceintheintellectualandpersonallivesofitsstudents.
4.ambiguousadj.=意义含糊的,有歧义的，e.g.:
Hekeptmakingambiguousremarksinsteadofstraightforwardyes-or-noreplies.||ambiguousnessn./ambiguityn.
vague,dim,indefinite,obscure,ambiguous,faint
这些形容词均含“不明确的，模糊的”之意。
vague→多指因语言不确切，太笼统或因构思含糊、不完善而造成模糊难解。
dim→侧重指或因光线暗淡，或因年代久远、身体欠佳等因素而产生视觉或察觉方面的困难。
indefinite→指无明确定义或限定，重点或总体轮廓不明确。
obscure→语气最强，指晦涩难懂。
ambiguous→指文章或讲话中，意思可能有多种理解，令人捉摸不定。
faint→指对某事物印象不深，或指声音微弱或希望的渺茫等。
5.devoteoneself/sthto:
=为某人、某事（付出时间、精力等）
e.g.:
devoteourselvestoourstudy.Here"to"isapreposition.
Payattentiontothefollowingprepositional"to":
acceptableto/accordingto/accustomedto/adequateto/adjustto/admitto/approachto/attachto/payattentionto/attributeto/belongto/closeto/contrarytocontributeto/devoteto/dueto/equalto/exceptionto/inferiorto/lookforwardto/marriedto/necessaryto/nextto/opposedto/preferableto/priorto/referto/relatedto/relevantto/solutionto/stickto/subjectto
||Payattentiontothephrase"bedevotedtosth/sb",inwhich"devoted"isanadjectivemeaninglovingorloyal.
e.g.:
ThenoblestidealtowhichonecandevoteoneselfisCommunism.
Hestartedtostudyecologyanddecidedtodevotehiswholelifetothescience.
Pleasedevotemoretimetoyourwork.
6.establishthemselves（insth/assth）=placesb/oneselfinaposition,office,etc,usu.onapermanentbasis.
使某人任职，使某人成为，安顿
E.g.:
Wearenowcomfortablyestablishedinournewhouse.
*Heestablishedhimselfasgovernoroftheprovince.*She'snowfirmlyestablished（inbusiness）asanartdealer.
Themanagerestablished（安排）hisrelativesinthebestjobs.
Ifyouestablishyourself,yourreputation,oragoodqualitythatyouhave,yousucceedindoingsomething,andachieverespectorasecurepositionasaresultofthis.
7.admittedto（"to"isapreposition）:
confess;recognizeoracknowledgesthastrue,oftenreluctantly:
承认、坦白
e.g.:
Headmittedtothemurder./Headmittedtohavingtakenthemoney.
TheVicePresidentadmittedtotakingbribes.
Aquarterofworkersadmittedtotakingtimeoffwhentheywerenotill.
//C.f.admitof:
allowthepossibilityofsth;leaveroomforsth容许某事物;对某事物留有余地:
e.g.:
Thismatteradmitsofnodelay.
Hisconductadmitsofnoexcuse.
*Theplandoesnotadmitofimprovement,iecannotbeimproved.
8.identityn.身份；个性，特性；同一性，一致性
Hisdriver'slicenserevealedhisidentity.
Theexpertsestablishedtheidentityofthebronzebellwithonedescribedinanolddocument.
Theidentityofthefingerprintsonthegunprovedthathewasthekiller.
Identityofinterestsisthebondthatunitesthem.
Topreservethedistinctidentitiesofanoldtown
Thereisnocluetotheidentityofthethief.*
9.Theyaretornbyidealismofserviceontheonehand,andontheother,thetemptationofretreatintoaworldthatneverrisesaboveself-interest=Ideally,theywouldlikejobswhichserveotherpeople,butontheotherhandtheyarealsoattractedbycareerswhichwillservetheirowninterest.
betornby：
betorturedandpuzzlebysth.折磨
e.g.:
Therearestillquiteafewnationstornbycivilwarorriots.（骚乱）
Itmayalsomeans:
feelveryworried,guilty,anxious,etc.becauseoneisaffectedbyastrongemotionorfeeling.（感情上）感到担心、内疚、焦虑
e.g.:
Herheartwastornbygrief.
riseabove超出...之上，克服（缺点、困难）：
succeedinwhatyouaredoingwithoutbeingaffectedbyit
e.g.:
Ithoughtyouhadrisenabovelyingtoyourmother.
Materaisedaboveallthetroubleathomeanddidwellinherclasses.
/Awomanwhocanriseabovesuchdisadvantagesisclearlyexceptional
9.undergraduateexperience=undergraduateeducation
atlast,atlength,eventually,finally,intheend,lastly
这些词或词组均含有“最后，终于”之意。
atlast→多指经主观努力，克服各种困难后才终于达到目的。
atlength→强调经历一段长时间后终于完成，侧重在时间部分。
eventually→侧重于动作或行为的结果。
finally→常与atlast换用，都可用于对往事的描述，但finally不带感情色彩，指一系列事情的最后结局。
intheend与atlast同义，但intheend不仅可指“过去”还可表示对“未来”的预计。
lastly→指连续顺序的最后，通常用在列举事情的场合。
10.ReinholdNiebuhr:
AnAmericantheologian（神学家）（1892-1971）
11.Mancannotbeholdexcepthebecommitted.=Peoplecannotrealizetheirownpotentialunlesstheydevotethemselvestosociety.
//behold（olduse）=see,realizevt.看到,领悟,注视
Theybeheldthenightsceneofthecity.
Hebeheldtheboatsink.
except=unless
e.g.:
Exceptamanbebornagain,hecannotseetheKingdomofGod.
带有介词without，butfor（要不是），otherwise（否则），butthat，except（for），only，but，or等的虚拟语气的使用。
这种句子从表面看，没有虚拟语气特征，但从深层意义看，属虚拟语气。
12.theidealismoftheundergraduateexperience=theperfectoridealcollegiateeducation（Asundergraduates,studentsoftenhaveviewswhichareidealisticandperhapsnotverypractical.）
13.hard-edgedadj.=toughadj.有力的;挑剔的，（文章等）锋芒毕露的
Ifyoudescribesomethingsuchasastyle,play,orarticleashard-edged,youmeanyouadmireitbecauseitispowerful,critical,orunsentimental.
14.integrityn.=uprightness,honesty,beingunprejudiced诚实、正直
15.civilityn.[C],[U]=politeness礼貌//c.f.:
civiladj.公民的、文职的
e.g.:
civillaw,civilright/theCivilServant行政机关、公务员
the,Civil`Service（政府中的）文职部门,行政机关;（政府文职部门中的）全体公务员:
SheworksintheCivilService,egintheHomeOffice.
TheCivilServiceis/arethreateningtostrike.
e.g.:
civicresponsibility/civiliann.[C]老百姓e.g.:
Twocivilianswerekilledintheexplosion./
civilizevt.使（某人、某物文明、开化/civilizationn.文明,开化
16.compassionn.[U]:
=pity同情心/compassion（forsb.）
e.g.:
Theirsufferingsaroseourcompassion.
//compassionateadj.有同情心的，怜悯的
e.g.:
Heiscompassionatetothehelpless.
17.humaneness（olduse）n.=humanity人，人道
//c.f.:
humaneadj.富于同情心的/humanitarianadj.人道主认的，博爱的/humanismn.人道主义，人本主义/humanities人文学科，文、历、哲学科/humanizevt.人格化/humanizationn.人格化
II.ThemainideaofPart2（PP3toPP14）:
Thecollagegraduatehascivicobligationstofulfillandtofulfillthisurgentobligation,theperspectiveneededisnotonlynational,butalsoglobal.
18.atmosphericadj.atmosphericpressure气压/atmospheren.
19.semi-metaphysicaladj.partiallybasedonabstractreasoning
metaphysicaladj.形而上学的,抽象的
semi-==half
semifinal半决赛
semiliterate半文盲的
semiconductor半导体
semiofficial半官方的
semimonthly半月刊
semi-colony半殖民地
20.bafflementn.[U]=puzzlementn.阻碍,迷惑
||bafflevt.E.g.:
Oneoftheexamquestionsbaffledme.
21.deterrencen.[U]=threatn.制止,妨碍物,威慑
e.g.:
nucleardeterrence核威慑/
deterrent/dɪt'erənt/adj.deterrentweapons威慑性武器/
deter [di'tə:
]sb.fromdoingsth.vt.阻止,抑制,威吓
E.g.:
Failuredidnotdeterhim（frommakinganotherattempt.）
22.desegregation [di:
.segri'geiʃən]n.废除种族隔离,废止岐视
[U]=abolitionofracialseparation/c.f.:
segregation
de-==not
denationalize非国有化
demilitarize使非军事化
demobilize复员
de-==除去、取消、毁
desalt除去盐份
deforest砍伐森林
decontrol取消管制
23.drainagen. ['
升级会员 