考研英一阅读真题.docx

考研英一阅读真题.docx

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考研英一阅读真题

考研英一阅读真题2021

考研英一阅读真题1

Anyfair-mindedassessmentofthedangersofthedealbetweenBritain'sNationalHealthService（NHS）andDeepMindmuststartbyacknowledgingthatbothsidesmeanwell.DeepMindisoneoftheleadingartificialintelligence（AI）companiesintheworld.Thepotentialofthisworkappliedtohealthcareisverygreat,butitcouldalsoleadtofurtherconcentrationofpowerinthetechgiants.ItIsagainstthatbackgroundthattheinformationcommissioner,ElizabethDenham,hasissuedherdamningverdictagainsttheRoyalFreehospitaltrustundertheNHS,whichhandedovertoDeepMindtherecordsof1.6millionpatientsIn2022年onthebasisofavagueagreementwhichtookfartoolittleaccountofthepatients'rightsandtheirexpectationsofprivacy.

DeepMindhasalmostapologized.TheNHStrusthasmendeditsways.Furtherarrangements-andtheremaybemany-betweentheNHSandDeepMindwillbecarefullyscrutinisedtoensurethatallnecessarypermissionshavebeenaskedofpatientsandallunnecessarydatahasbeencleaned.Therearelessonsaboutinformedpatientconsenttolearn.Butprivacyisnottheonlyangleinthiscaseandnoteventhemostimportant.MsDenhamchosetoconcentratetheblameontheNHStrust,sinceunderexistinglawit“controlled”thedataandDeepMindmerely“processed"it.Butthisdistinctionmissesthepointthatitisprocessingandaggregation,notthemerepossessionofbits,thatgivesthedatavalue.

Thegreatquestioniswhoshouldbenefitfromtheanalysisofallthedatathatourlivesnowgenerate.Privacylawbuildsontheconceptofdamagetoanindividualfromidentifiableknowledgeaboutthem.Thatmissesthewaythesurveillanceeconomyworks.Thedataofanindividualtheregainsitsvalueonlywhenitiscomparedwiththedataofcountlessmillionsmore.

Theuseofprivacylawtocurbthetechgiantsinthisinstancefeelsslightlymaladapted.Thispracticedoesnotaddresstherealworry.ItisnotenoughtosaythatthealgorithmsDeepMinddevelopswillbenefitpatientsandsavelives.Whatmattersisthattheywillbelongtoaprivatemonopolywhichdevelopedthemusingpublicresources.Ifsoftwarepromisestosavelivesonthescalethatdugsnowcan,bigdatamaybeexpectedtobehaveasabigpharmhasdone.Wearestillatthebeginningofthisrevolutionandsmallchoicesnowmayturnouttohavegiganticconsequenceslater.Alongstrugglewillbeneededtoavoidafutureofdigitalfeudalism.MsDenham'sreportisawelcomestart.

31.WhaistrueoftheagreementbetweentheNHSandDeepMind?

[A]Itcausedconflictsamongtechgiants.

[B]Itfailedtopaydueattentiontopatient’srights.

[C]Itfellshortofthelatter'sexpectations

[D]Itputbothsidesintoadangeroussituation.

32.TheNHStrustrespondedtoDenham'sverdictwith

[A]emptypromises.

[B]toughresistance.

[C]necessaryadjustments.

[D]sincereapologies.

33.TheauthorarguesinParagraph2that

[A]privacyprotectionmustbesecuredatallcosts.

[B]leakingpatients'dataisworsethansellingit.

[C]makingprofitsfrompatients'dataisillegal.

[D]thevalueofdatacomesfromtheprocessingofit

34.Accordingtothelastparagraph,therealworryarisingfromthisdealis

[A]theviciousrivalryamongbigpharmas.

[B]theineffectiveenforcementofprivacylaw.

[C]theuncontrolleduseofnewsoftware.

[D]themonopolyofbigdatabytechgiants.

35.Theauthor'sattitudetowardtheapplicationofAItohealthcareis

[A]ambiguous.

[B]cautious.

[C]appreciative.

[D]contemptuous.

考研英一阅读真题2

ThejournalScienceisaddinganextrasourceatPeer-reviewprocess,editor-in-chiefMarciaMcNottannouncedtoday.TheFollowssimilareffortsfromotherjournals,afterwidespreadconcernthatMistakesindataanalysisarecontributingtothePublishedresearchfindings.

"Readersmusthaveconfidenceintheconclusionspublishedinourjournal,"writesMcNuttinaneditorial.WorkingwiththeAmericanStatisticalAssociation,theJournalhasappointedsevenexpertstoastatisticsboardofreviewingManuscriptwillbeflaggedupforadditionalscrutinybytheJournal'seditors,orbyitsexistingBoardofReviewingEditorsorbyoutsidepeerTheSBoREpanelwillthenfindexternalstatisticianstoreviewthese

Askedwhetheranyparticularpapershadimpelledthechange,McNuttsaid,"Thecreationofthe'statisticsboard'wasmotivatedbyconcernsbroadlywiththeapplicationofstatisticsanddataanalysisinscientificresearchandispartofScience'soveralldrivetoincreasereproducibilityintheresearchwepublish."

GiovanniParmigiani，abiostatisticianattheHarvardSchoolofPublicHealth,amemberoftheSBoREgroup,saysheexpectstheboardto"playprimarilyonadvisoryrole."Heagreedtojoinbecausehe"foundtheforesightbehindtheestablishmentoftheSBoREt