考研英语二 新题型 B 测试.docx

考研英语二 新题型 B 测试.docx

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考研英语二新题型B测试

英语二新题型练习

（一）

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Directions:

Readthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbyreadinginformationfromtheleftcolumnthatcorrespondstoeachofthemarkeddetailsgivenintherightcolumn.Therearetwoextrachoicesintherightcolumn.MakeyouransweronANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

“Universityhistory,thehistoryofwhatmanhasaccomplishedintheworld,isatbottomtheHistoryoftheGreatMenwhohaveworkedhere,”wrotetheVictorianThomasCarlyleWell,notanymoreitisnot.

Suddenly,Britainlookstohavefallenoutwithitsfavoritehistoricalform.Thiscouldbenomorethanapassingliterarycraze,butitalsopointstoabroadertruthabouthowwenowapproachthepast:

lessconcernedwithlearningfromourforefathersandmoreinterestedinfeelingtheirpain.Today,wewantempathy,notinspiration.

FromtheearliestdaysoftheRenaissance,thewritingofhistorymeantrecountingtheexemplarylivesofgreatmen.In1337,PetrarchbeganworkonhisramblingwritingDebinsIllustribus-onFamousMen,highlightingthevirtus（orvirtue）ofclassicalheroes.Petrarchcelebratedtheirgreatnessinconqueringfortuneandrisingtothetop.ThiswasthebiographicaltraditionwhichNiccoloMachiavelliturnedonitshead.InThePrince,hechampionedcunning,ruthlessness,andboldness,ratherthanvirtue,mercyandjustice,astheskillsofsuccessfulleaders.

Overtime,theattributesofgreatnessshifted.TheRomanticscommemoratedtheleadingpaintersandauthoroftheirday,stressingtheuniquenessoftheartist’spersonexperienceratherthanpublicglory.Bycontrast,theVictorianauthorSamuelSmilewroteself-Helpasacatalogueoftheworthylivesofengineers,industrialistsandexplorers.“Thevaluableexampleswhichtheyfurnishofthepowerofself-help,ofpatientpurposeresoluteworkingandsteadfastintegrity,issuingintheformationoftrulynobleandmanlycharacter,exhibit.”wroteSmile,“whatitisinthepowerofeachtoaccomplishforhimself.”HisbiographiesofJamesWatt,RichardArkwrightandJosianWedgwoodwereheldupasbeaconstoguidetheworkingmanthroughhisdifficultlife.

ThiswasallabitbourgeoisforThomasCarlyle,whofocusedhisbiographiesonthetrulyheroiclivesofMartinLuther,OliverCromwellandNapoleonBonaparte.Theseepochalfiguresrepresentedliveshardtoimitate,buttobeacknowledgedaspossessinghigherauthoritythanmeremortals.

Noteveryonewasconvincedbysuchbombast.“Thehistoryofallhithertoexistingsocietyisthehistoryofclassstruggles,”wroteMarxandEngelinTheCommunistManifesto.Forthem,historydidnothing,itpossessednoimmensewealthnorwagedbattles:

“Itisman,livingmanwhodoesallthat.”Andhistoryshouldbethestoryofthemassesandtheirrecordofstruggle,Assuch,itneededtoappreciatetheeconomicrealities,thesocialcontextsandpowerrelationsinwhicheachepochstood.For:

“Menmaketheirownhistory,buttheydonotmakeitjustastheyplease;theydonotmakeitundercircumstanceschosenbythemselves,butundercircumstancesdirectlyfound,givenandtransmittedfromthepast.”

Thiswasthetraditionwhichrevolutionizedourappreciationofthepast.InplaceofThomasCarlyle,BritainnurturedChristopherHill,EPThompsonandEricHobsbawm.Historyfrombelowstoodalongsidebiographiesofgreatmen.Wholenewrealmsofunderstanding-fromgendertoracetoculturalstudies-wereopenedupasscholarsunpickedthemultiplicityoflostsocieties.Andittransformedpublichistorytoo:

downstairsbecamejustasfascinatingasupstairs.

[A]emphasizedthevirtueofclassicalheroes

41.Petrarch

highlightedthepublicgloryoftheleadingartists.

42.NiccolòMachiavelli

[C]focusedonepochalfigureswhoseliveswerehardtoimitate.

43.SamuelSmiles

[D]openedupnewrealmsofunderstandingthemassesandtheirrecordofstruggle.

44.ThomasCarlyle

[E]heldthathistoryshould

45.MarxandEngels

[F]dismissedvirtueasunnecessaryforsuccessfulleaders.

[G]depictedtheworthylivesofengineerindustrialistsandexplorers.

练习

（二）

Directions:

ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraphs（41-45）.Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（10points）

A.Besilly

B.Havefun

C.Askforhelp

D.Expressyouremotions.

E.Don’toverthinkit

F.Beeasilypleased

G.Noticethings

ActYourShoeSize,NotYourAge.

（1）Asadults,itseemsthatwe’reconstantlypursuinghappiness,oftenwithmixedresults.Yetchildrenappeartohaveitdowntoanart-andforthemostparttheydon’tneedself-helpbooksortherapy.Instead,theylookaftertheirwellbeinginstinctivelyandusuallymoreeffectivelythanwedoasgrownups.Perhapsit’stimetolearnafewlessonsfromthem.

41___________.

（2）Whatdoesachilddowhenhe’ssad?

Hecries.Whenhe’sangry?

Heshouts.Scared?

Probablyabitofboth.Aswegrowup,welearntocontrolouremotionssotheyaremanageableanddon’tdictateourbehaviours,whichisinmanywaysagoodthing.Buttoooftenwetakethisprocesstoofarandendupsuppressingemotions,especiallynegativeones.That’saboutaseffectiveasbrushingdirtunderacarpetandcanevenmakeusill.Whatwefeelappropriatelyandthen-again,likechildren-moveon.

42__________.

AcoupleofChristmasesago,myyoungeststepdaughter,whowas9yearsoldatthetime,gotaSupermanT-shirtforChristmas.Itcostlessthanafiverbutshewasoverjoyed,andcouldn’tbiggerhouseorbettercarwillbethemagicsilverbulletthatwillallowustofinallybecontent,buttherealityisthesethingshavelittlelastingimpactonourhappinesslevels.Instead,beinggratefulforsmallthingseverydayisamuchbetterwaytoimprovewellbeing.

43__________.

Haveyouevernoticedhowmuchchildrenlaugh?

Ifweadultscouldindulgeinabitofsillinessandgiggling,wewouldreducethestresshormonesinourbodies,increasegoodhormoneslikeendorphins,improvebloodflowtoourheartsandeverhaveagreaterchanceoffightingoffinfection.Allofwhichwould,ofcourse,haveapositiveeffectonourhappinesslevels.

44__________.

Theproblemwithbeingagrownupisthatthere’sanawfullotofseriousstufftodealwith-work,mortgagepayments,figuringoutwhattocookfordinner.Butasadultswealsohavetheluxuryofbeingabletocontrolourowndiariesandit’simportantthatwescheduleintimetoenjoythethingwelove.Thosethingsmightbesocial,sporting,creativeorcompletelyrandom（dancingaroundthelivingroom,anyone?

）-itdoesn’tmatter,solongasthey’reenjoyable,andnotlikelytohavenegativesideeffects,suchasdrinkingtoomuchalcoholorgoingonawildspendingspreeifyou’reonatightbudget.

45__________.

Havingsaidalloftheabove,it’simportanttoaddthatweshouldn’ttrytoohardtobehappy.Scientiststellusthiscanbackfireandactuallyhaveanegativeimpactonourwellbeing.AstheChinesephilosopherChuangTzuisreportedtohavesaid:

“Happinessistheabsenceofstrivingforhappiness.”Andinthat,oncemore,weneedtolooktotheexampleofourchildren,towhomhappinessisnotagoalbutanaturalbyproductofthewaytheylive.

练习（三）

Directions:

Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatext.ChoosethemostsuitableheadingfromthelistA-Fforeachnumberedparagraph（41-45）.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

[A]Livelikeapeasant

[B]Balanceyourdiet

[C]Shopkeepersareyourfriends

[D]Remembertotreatyourself

[E]Sticktowhatyouneed

[F]Planningisevervthing

[G]Wastenot,wantnot

ThehugelypopularblogtheSkintFoodiechronicleshowTonybalanceshisloveofgoodfoodwithlivingonbenefits.Afterbills,Tonyhas￡60aweektospend,￡40ofwhichgoesonfood,but10yearsagohewasearning￡130,000aIyearworkingincorporatecommunicationsandeatingatLondon'sbetftrestaurants'"atleasttwiceaweek.Thenhismarriagefailed,hiscareerburnedoutandhisdrinkingbecameserious."Thecommunitymentalhealthteamsavedmylife.AndIfeltlikethatagain,toacertaindegree,whenpeoplerespondedtotheblogsowell.ItgavemethevalidationandconfidencethatI'dlost.Butit'sstilladay-by-daything."Nowhe'slivinginacouncilflatandfieldingoffersfromliteraryagents.He'sfeelingpositive,buthe'llcarryonblogging-notabouteatingascheaplyasyoucan-"therearesomanypeopleinamuchworsestate,withbarelyanymoneytospendonfood"-buteatingwellonabudget.Here'shisadviceforeconomicalfoodies.

41._____________________

Impulsivespendingisn'tanoption,soplanyourweek'smenuinadvance,makingshoppinglistsforyouringredientsintheirexactquantities.IhaveanExceltemplateforaweekofbreakfast,lunchanddinner.Stoplaughing:

it'snotjustcosteffectivebuthelpsyoubalanceyourdiet.It'salsoagoodideatoshopdailyinsteadofweekly,because,being-human,you'llsometimeschangeyourmindaboutwhatyoufancy.

42____________________________________________________________

Thisiswheresupermarketsandthci;anonymitycomeinhandy.Withthem,there'snotthesameembarrassmentaswhenbuyingonecarrotinalittlegreengrocer.Andifyouplanproperly,you'llknowthatyouonlyneed,say,350gofshinofbeefandsixrashersofbacon,notwhateverweightispre-packedinthesupermarketchiller.

43_________

Youmayproudlyclaimtoonlyhavefrozenpeasinthefreezer-that'snotgoodenough.Mineisfilledwithleftovers,bread,stock,meatandfish.Planningaheadshouldeliminatewastage,butifyouhavesurplusvegetablesyou'lldoavegetablesoup,andallfruitsthreateningto"gooff'willbecookedorjuiced.

44___________________________________

Everyonesaysthis,butitreallyisatoptipforfrugaleaters.Shopatbutchers,delisandfish-sellersregularly,evenforsmallthings,andbesuperfriendly.Soonyou'llfeelcomfortableaskingifthey'veanyknucklesofhamforsoupsandstews,orbeefbones,chickencarcassesandfishheadsforstockwhich,moreoftenthannot,Theyilletyouhaveforfree.?

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45__________________

Youwon'tbeeatingoutalot,butsaveyourpenniesandonceeveryfewmonthstreatyourselftoasetlunchatagoodrestaurant-￡1.75aweekforthreemonthsgivesyou￡21-morethan"enoughforathree-courselunchatMichelin-starredArbutus.It's￡16.95there-or￡12.99foralargepizzafromDomino's:

IknowwhichI'drathereat.

练习（四）

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextanddecidewhethereachofthestatementsistrueorfalse.ChooseTifthestatementistrueorFitthestatementisnottrue.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

CopyingBirdsMaySaveAircraftFuel

BOTHBoeingandAirbushavetrumpetedtheefficiencyoftheirnewestaircraft,the787andA350respectively.Theircleverdesignsandlightweightcompositescertainlymakeadifference.ButagroupofresearchersatStanfordUniversity,ledbyIlanKroo,hassuggestedthatairlinescouldtakeamorenaturalisticapproachtocuttingjet-fueluse,anditwouldnotrequirethemtobuynewaircraft.

Theanswer,saysDrKroo,lieswithbirds.Since1914,andaseminalpaperbyaGermanresearchercalledCarlWieselsberger,scientistshaveknownthatbirdsflyinginformation—aV-shape,echelonorotherwise—expendlessenergy.Theairflowingoverabirdswingscurlsupwardsbehindthewingtips,aphenomenonknownasupwash.Otherbirdsflyingintheupwashexperiencereduceddrag,andspendles