英国医患纠纷诉讼前调解议定书英文版.docx

英国医患纠纷诉讼前调解议定书英文版.docx

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英国医患纠纷诉讼前调解议定书英文版

Pre-ActionProtocolfortheResolutionofClinicalDisputes

英国医患纠纷诉讼前调解议定书

 CONTENTS

1INTRODUCTION 概述

EnforcementoftheProtocolandsanctions 议定书及批准的执行

LitigantsinPerson 诉请当事人

2THEAIMSOFTHEPROTOCOL 本议定书的宗旨

3THEPROTOCOL 议定书

Rehabilitation 弥补措施

LetterofNotification 通知函

LetterofClaim 诉状

LetterofResponse 答辩状

4EXPERTS 专家意见

5ALTERNATIVEDISPUTERESOLUTION 可选性纠纷处理方式

6STOCKTAKE 备选解决方案

Annexes 附录

ILLUSTRATIVEFLOWCHART   A

FORMFORREQUESTINGMEDICALRECORDS   B

TEMPLATESFORLETTERSOFNOTIFICATION,CLAIMANDRESPONSE      C

 1INTRODUCTION 概述

1.1  ThisProtocolisintendedtoapplytoallclaimsagainsthospitals,GPs,dentistsandotherhealthcareproviders（bothNHSandprivate）whichinvolveaninjurythatisallegedtobetheresultofclinicalnegligence.Itisnotintendedtoapplytoclaimscoveredby—

（a）thePre-ActionProtocolforDiseaseandIllnessClaims;

（b）thePre-ActionProtocolforPersonalInjuryClaims;

（c）thePre-ActionProtocolforLowValuePersonalInjuryClaimsinRoadTrafficAccidents;

（d）thePre-ActionProtocolforLowValuePersonalInjury（Employers’LiabilityandPublicLiability）Claims;or

（e）PracticeDirection3D – MesotheliomaClaims

1.2  ThisProtocolisintendedtobesufficientlybroad-basedandflexibletoapplytoallsectorsofhealthcare,bothpublicandprivate.Italsorecognisesthataclaimantandadefendant,aspatientandhealthcareprovider,mayhaveanongoingrelationship.

1.3  Itisimportantthateachpartytoaclinicaldisputehassufficientinformationandunderstandingoftheother’sperspectiveandcasetobeabletoinvestigateaclaimefficientlyand,whereappropriate,toresolveit.ThisProtocolencouragesacards-on-the-tableapproachwhensomethinghasgonewrongwithaclaimant’streatmentortheclaimantisdissatisfiedwiththattreatmentand/ortheoutcome.

1.4  ThisProtocolisnowregardedbythecourtsassettingthestandardofnormalreasonablepre-actionconductfortheresolutionofclinicaldisputes.

1.5.1  ThisProtocolsetsouttheconductthatprospectivepartieswouldnormallybeexpectedtofollowpriortothecommencementofanyproceedings.Itestablishesareasonableprocessandtimetablefortheexchangeofinformationrelevanttoadispute,setsoutthestandardsforthecontentandqualityoflettersofclaimandsetsstandardsfortheconductofpre-actionnegotiations.

1.5.2  Thetimetableandthearrangementsfordisclosingdocumentsandobtainingexpertevidencemayneedtobevariedtosuitthecircumstancesofthecase.WhereoneormorepartiesconsiderthedetailoftheProtocolisnotappropriatetothecase,andproceedingsaresubsequentlyissued,thecourtwillexpectanexplanationastowhytheProtocolhasnotbeenfollowed,orhasbeenvaried.

1.6.1  TheProtocolprovidesforadefendanttobegivenfourmonthstoinvestigateandrespondtoaLetterofClaimbeforeproceedingsareserved.Ifthisisnotpossible,theclaimant’ssolicitorshouldgiveasmuchnoticeoftheintentiontoissueproceedingsasispracticable.ThisProtocoldoesnotalterthestatutorytimelimitsforstartingcourtproceedings.Ifaclaimisissuedaftertherelevantstatutorylimitationperiodhasexpired,thedefendantwillbeentitledtousethatasadefencetotheclaim.IfproceedingsarestartedtocomplywiththestatutorytimelimitbeforethepartieshavefollowedtheproceduresinthisProtocol,thepartiesshouldapplytothecourtforastayoftheproceedingswhiletheysocomply.

1.6.2  Thepartiesshouldalsoconsiderwhetherthereislikelytobeadisputeastolimitationshouldaclaimbepursued.

EnforcementoftheProtocolandsanctions 议定书及批准的执行

1.7  WhereeitherpartyfailstocomplywiththisProtocol,thecourtmayimposesanctions.Whendecidingwhethertodoso,thecourtwilllookatwhetherthepartieshavecompliedinsubstancewiththeProtocol’srelevantprinciplesandrequirements.Itwillalsoconsidertheeffectanynon-compliancehashadonanyotherparty.Itisnotlikelytobeconcernedwithminorortechnicalshortcomings（seeparagraph4.3to4.5ofthePracticeDirectiononPre-ActionConductandProtocols）.

LitigantsinPerson 诉请当事人

1.8  Ifapartytoaclaimdoesnotseekprofessionaladvicefromasolicitortheyshouldstill,insofarasisreasonablypossible,complywiththetermsofthisProtocol.InthisProtocol “solicitor” isintendedtoencompassreferencetoanysuitablylegallyqualifiedperson.

Ifapartytoaclaimbecomesawarethatanotherpartyisalitigantinperson,theyshouldsendacopyofthisProtocoltothelitigantinpersonattheearliestopportunity.

2THEAIMSOFTHEPROTOCOL 本议定书的宗旨

2.1  ThegeneralaimsoftheProtocolare –

（a）tomaintainand/orrestorethepatient/healthcareproviderrelationshipinanopenandtransparentway;

（b）toreducedelayandensurethatcostsareproportionate;and

（c）toresolveasmanydisputesaspossiblewithoutlitigation.

2.2  Thespecificobjectivesare–

（a）toencourageopenness,transparencyandearlycommunicationoftheperceivedproblembetweenpatientsandhealthcareproviders;

（b）toprovideanopportunityforhealthcareproviderstoidentifywhethernotificationofanotifiablesafetyincidenthasbeen,orshouldbe,senttotheclaimantinaccordancewiththedutyofcandourimposedbysection20oftheHealthandSocialCareAct2008（RegulatedActivities）Regulations2014;

（c）toensurethatsufficientmedicalandotherinformationisdisclosedpromptlybybothpartiestoenableeachtounderstandtheother’sperspectiveandcase,andtoencourageearlyresolutionoranarrowingoftheissuesindispute;

（d）toprovideanearlyopportunityforhealthcareproviderstoidentifycaseswhereaninvestigationisrequiredandtocarryoutthatinvestigationpromptly;

（e）toencouragehealthcareproviderstoinvolvetheNationalHealthServiceLitigationAuthority（NHSLA）ortheirdefenceorganisationsorinsurersatanearlystage;

（f）toenablethepartiestoavoidlitigationbyagreeingaresolutionofthedispute;

（g）toenablethepartiestoexploretheuseofmediationortonarrowtheissuesindisputebeforeproceedingsarecommenced;

（h）toenablepartiestoidentifyanyissuesthatmayrequireaseparateorpreliminaryhearing,suchasadisputeastolimitation;

（i）tosupporttheefficientmanagementofproceedingswherelitigationcannotbeavoided;

（j）todiscouragetheprolongedpursuitofunmeritoriousclaimsandtheprolongeddefenceofmeritoriousclaims;

（k）topromotetheprovisionofmedicalorrehabilitationtreatmenttoaddresstheneedsoftheclaimantattheearliestopportunity;and

（l）toencouragethedefendanttomakeanearlyapologytotheclaimantifappropriate.

2.3  ThisProtocoldoesnot—

（a）provideanydetailedguidancetohealthcareprovidersonclinicalriskmanagementortheadoptionofriskmanagementsystemsandprocedures;

（b）provideanydetailedguidanceonwhichadverseoutcomesshouldtriggeraninvestigation;or

（c）recommendchangestothecodesofconductofprofessionalsinhealthcare.

3THEPROTOCOL 议定书

3.1AnillustrativeflowchartisattachedatAnnexAwhichshowseachofthestagesthatthepartiesareexpectedtotakebeforethecommencementofproceedings.

Obtaininghealthrecords

3.2Anyrequestforrecordsbytheclaimantshould–

（a）providesufficientinformationtoalertthedefendantwhereanadverseoutcomehasbeenseriousorhashadseriousconsequencesormayconstituteanotifiablesafetyincident;

（b）beasspecificaspossibleabouttherecordswhicharerequiredforaninitialinvestigationoftheclaim（including,forexample,acontinuouscopyoftheCTGtraceinbirthinjurycases）;and

（c）includearequestforanyrelevantguidelines,analyses,protocolsorpoliciesandanydocumentscreatedinrelationtoanadverseincident,notifiablesafetyincidentorcomplaint.

3.3  Requestsforcopiesoftheclaimant’sclinicalrecordsshouldbemadeusingtheLawSocietyandDepartmentofHealthapprovedstandardforms（enclosedatAnnexB）,adaptedasnecessary.

3.4

3.4.1  Thecopyrecordsshouldbeprovidedwithin40daysoftherequestandforacostnotexceedingthechargespermissibleundertheAccesstoHealthRecordsAct1990and/ortheDataProtectionAct1998.Paymentmayberequiredinadvancebythehealthcareprovider.

3.4.2  TheclaimantmayalsomakearequestundertheFreedomofInformationAct2000.

3.5  Attheearliestopportunity,legiblecopiesoftheclaimant’smedicalandotherrecordsshouldbeplacedinanindexedandpaginatedbundlebytheclaimant.Thisbundleshouldbekeptuptodate.

3.6  Intherarecircumstancesthatthedefendantisindifficultyincomplyingwiththerequestwithin40days,theproblemshouldbeexplainedquicklyanddetailsgivenofwhatisbeingdonetoresolveit.

3.7  Ifthedefendantfailstoprovidethehealthrecordsoranexplanationforanydelaywithin40days,theclaimantortheiradvisercanthenapplytothecourtunderrule31.16oftheCivilProcedureRules1998（‘CPR’）foranorderforpre-actiondisclosure.Thecourthasthepowertoimposecostssanctionsforunreasonabledelayinprovidingrecords.

3.8  Ifeithertheclaimantorthedefendantconsidersadditionalhealthrecordsarerequiredfromathirdparty,inthefirstinstancetheseshouldberequestedbyorthroughtheclaimant.Thirdpartyhealthcareprovidersareexpectedtoco-operate.Rule31.17oftheCPRsetsouttheprocedureforapplyingtothecourtforpre-actiondisclosurebythirdparties.

Rehabilitation 弥补措施

3.9  Theclaimantandthedefendantshallbothconsiderasearlyaspossiblewhethertheclaimanthasreasonableneedsthatcouldbemetbyrehabilitationtreatmentorothermeasu