初中英语总复习一.docx

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初中英语总复习一.docx

初中英语总复习一

名词的数

  1、可数名词与不可数名词

  A、不可数名词,初中阶段常见的不可数名词有:

water;meat;rice;bread;milk;tea;orange(桔汁);fruit;air;snow;chalk;work;paper(纸);time(时间);music;weather;grass;news;food;fish(鱼肉);coke;porridge;cake(可数或不可数).不可数名词应注意以下几点:

  1)前无数、冠,后无复数;作主语为三单.

  2)表量用约数some/any;much;alotof或用of短语

  eg.Thereis____breadonthetable.[C]

  A.aB.oneC.apieceofD.many

  Thereissome_______ontheplate.[B]

  A.appleB.fishC.milksD.deer

  2、可数名词的复数

  A、不规则变化:

  man-men;woman-women;child-children

  policeman-policemen

  Englishman-Englishmen

  Frenchman-Frenchmen

  foot-feet;tooth-teethmouse(鼠)-mice

  B、规则变化

  1)s;sh;ch;x结尾加es读[iz]

  2)ce;se;ze;(d)ge结尾加s

  eg.boxes[bksiz]blouses[blauziz]

  3)f(fe)结尾则变f(fe)为v加es---读[vz]

  eg.knives[naivz]

  4)"辅+y"结尾变y为i加es清就清[s]

  5)一般加s浊就浊[z]

  eg.books[buks]pens[penz]babies[beibiz]

  但注意以下几点:

  ①potato-potatoes;tomato-tomatoes

  ②单复同形:

fish;sheep;deer;Chinese;Japanese

  ③由man,woman在词首构成的复合名词应将两部分都变成复数

  mandoctor-mendoctors

  ④reef-reefs

  ⑤"某国人"的复数:

中日不变英法变,其余s加后面.eg.German-Germans

  ⑥people,police常用单数形式表示复数概念Thepolicearelookingforthemissingboy.

  3、名词所有格:

名词's(意思是"……的")

  A.有生命的名词所有格,一般在后加"'s"但注意:

  1)表两者共有则在后者加"'s"

  LucyandLily'sfather露西和莉莉的父亲

  Lucy'sandLily'sfathers露西的父亲和莉莉的父亲.

  2)以s结尾的词只加"'"

  eg.1)theboys'books2)James'father

  3)无生命的名词所有格用of来引导

  eg.thelegofthedesk

  4)双重所有格:

afriendofmyfather's

  afriendofmine(√)afriendofmy(×)

  练习

  一、写出下列词的复数

  1.book______2.bus______3.orange_______

  4.baby______5.boy______6.my________

  7.his_______8.knife______9.watch________

  10.sheep______11.tooth_____12.leaf____

  13.German__________14.Chinese_________

  二、选择正确的答案

  ()1.-Arethose______?

  ---No,theyaren't.They're_____.

  A.sheep;cowsB.sheep;cow  C.sheeps;cowD.sheeps;cows

  ()2.Mum,I'mquitethirsty.Pleasegiveme____.

  A.twoorangeB.twobottlesoforange

  C.twobottlesorangeD.twobottlesoforanges

  ()3.Ihavegot___newsfrommyfriend.Doyouwanttoknow?

  A.averygoodB.any  C.apieceofD.twopieces

  ()4.___roomisonthe5thfloor.

  A.LucyandLilyB.LucyandLily's  C.Lucy'sandLilyD.Lucy'sandLily's

  ()5.EverymorningMr.Smithtakesa____tohisoffice.

  A.20minutes'walkB.20minute'swalk

  C.20-minuteswalkD.20-minutewalk

  ()6.ThisisJamesAllanGreen.Wecancallhim____.

  A.Mr.GreenB.Mr.Allan  C.Mr.JamesD.JamesGreen

  ()7.JackandTomare____.

  A.goodfriendsB.goodfriend  C.agoodfriendD.goodafriend

  ()8.It'sonlyaboutten____walktothenearestpostoffice.

  A.minutesB.minute'sC.minutes'D.minute

  ()9.Heoftenhas____forbreakfast.

  A.twobreadsB.twopieceofbreads

  C.twopiecesofbreadD.twopiecesofbreads

  ()10.Mrs.Greenhastwo____.They'reverybright.

  A.childsB.childC.children'sD.children

  ()11.WhatdidtheheadmastersayaboutJim's______.

  A.twomonthsholidayB.twomonths'holiday

  C.two-monthholidayD.twomonth'sholidays

  ()12.Iwon'tgotherewithyou,forIhavealotof____todo.

  A.worksB.jobC.workD.working

  ()13.LiLeiisafriendof___.

  A.IsisterB.mysister's  C.mesisterD.mysisterof

  ()14.Haveyouread____?

  A.today'sB.todaypaper  C.thetoday'spaperD.today'spaper

  ()15.Howmany___arethereintheroom?

  A.boxesB.boxC.boxsD.boxxes

  ()16.Many____havebeenbuiltinourcitysince1987.

  A.factorysB.factories  C.factoryesD.factorys

  ()17.Therearelotsof___inthebasketonthetable.

  A.tomatosB.tomatoC.tomatoesD.tomatoss

  ()18.Thecatcaughttwo___lastnight.

  A.mousesB.miceC.mouseD.mices

  ()19.Jackwenttohavetwo___pulledoutyesterdayafternoon.

  A.toothsB.toothC.teethD.toothes

  ()20.Inourschooltherearefifty-five___.

  A.womenteachersB.womanteachers  C.womenteacherD.woman'steacher

  ()21.Thethree___willbeputintoprison.

  A.thiefsB.thiefC.thievesD.thiefs'

 练习答案:

  一、  1.books2.buses3.oranges  4.babies5.boys6.our

  7.their8.knives9.watches  10.sheep11.teeth12.leaves

  13.Germans14.Chinese

  二、  1--5ABCBD6-10AACCD  11-15CCBDA16-21BCBCAC

1、不定冠词a,an

  a用在辅音音素开头的词前eg.abook

  ausefulbooka"u"

  [ju:

sful][ju:

]

  an用于元音开头的词前.eg.anapple

  anhouran"F"

  [au][ef]

  2、定冠词the

  1)特指某人/某物

  Thebookonthedeskismine.

  2)世上独一无二的事物前

  thesun,themoon,theearth,thesky

  3)形、副最高级及序数词前

  Thethirdboyisthetallestofall.

  (但当这些词前已有其他限定词,如物主代词、所有格、指示代词时,则不能再用the)

  HeismyfirstEnglishteacher.

  4)the+姓的复数表示"某家人"或"某夫妇"。

theGreens格林一家/格林夫妇

  3、不用冠词的几种情况:

  1)在星期、月份、季节前不用冠词

  2)学科名词前

  3)球类运动及早、中、晚三餐名词前(但:

①当三餐名词前有修饰词时,则要加适当的冠词.②表乐曲演奏的名词前应加the)

  1)Hewenttoschoolafterhehadaquickbreakfast.

  2)playtheviolin/piano

  练习

  ()1.Thereis____"s"in____word"bus".

  A.a;aB.an;theC.a;theD.an;a

  ()2.Mathsis___usefulsubject.Youcan'tdropit,Ithink.

  A.anB.aC.theD./

  ()3.____badweatheritis!

  A.HowB.WhataC.HowaD.What

  ()4.-Whatcoloris___orange?

  --It's_____orange.

  A.an;anB.an;theC.an;/D./;an

  ()5.Mr.Liis____oldworker.

  A.anB.aC.someD./

  ()6.Lookat____picture!

There's____houseinit.

  A.a;aB.the;theC.a;theD.the;a

  ()7.Onemorninghefound____handbag.Therewas___"s"onthecornerof___handbag.

  A.a;an;theB.a;a;the

  C.a;a;aD.the;an;a

  ()8.What___interestingstoryitis!

  A.aB.anC.theD./

  ()9.Meimeiis___beststudentinherclass.

  A.aB.anC./D.the

  ()10.Tomis___kindboy.All___studentslovehim.

  A.a;/B.a;theC.an;/D.an;the

  ()11.Is___bookonthedeskmine?

Yes.

  A.theB.aC.anD./

  ()12.Evenwhilehewasin___hospital,hewentonwritingsongs.

  A.aB.anC.theD./

  ()13.Don'tread_____.

  A.inbedB.inthebedC.onbedD.onthebed

  ()14.Smithis____honestman.

  A.aB.theC.anD./

  ()15.Chinahas___populationof1,200,000,000.

  A./B.anC.theD.a

  ()16.What's____for"椅.子"?

  A.EnglishB.anEnglish

  C.theEnglishD.anyEnglish

  ()17.Maryis___clevererofthetwogirls.

  A.theB.aC.anD.much

  ()18.____youngmustlookafter___old.

  A.The;aB.The;theC.A;aD.A;the

  ()19.___earthisoneof____planets.

  A.The;sun'sB.The;thesun

  C.The;thesun'sD.The;thesuns'

  ()20.Tokyois___.

  A.thecapitalofJapanB.capitalofJapan

  C.JapancapitalD.acapitalofJapan

  ()21.Katesometimesplays___violin(小提琴)andsometimesplays___tabletennisbeforesupper.

  A./;theB.the;/C.the;theD./;/

  ()22.-Haveyouseen___pencil?

Ileftitherethismorning.

  --Isit___redone?

Isawit.

  A.a;theB.the;theC.the;aD.a;a

  ()23.Thereis_______orangetreebehind_____house.

  A.an;theB.a;aC.the;theD.an;/

  ()24.-Howlongdidyoustaythere?

  --Abouthalf___hour.

  A./B.oneC.aD.an

  

  练习题答案:

  1--5DBDCA6-10DABDB

  11-15ADACD16-20AABCA

  21-24BDAD

代词

(一)指示代词:

this,that,these,those.this,that一般与可数名词的单数连用,而不与不可数名词连用(但that可单独指代不可数名词)。

  thatapple(√)thatmeat(×)

  TheweatherinSichuanisnotsohotas______inGuangzhou.[that]

  

(二)人称代词、物主代词和反身代词

  1)人称代词:

主格、宾格(作主语为主格,作宾语为宾格;介+宾格)

  eg.1)Ithankyou

  2)Youthankme.

  2)物主代词:

形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。

  一变(my-mine);二留(his-hisits-its)

  三加s(your-yours;our-ours;her-hers;their-theirs)

  用法:

有名不名,无名是名

  eg.Thisis_____(我的)book.Thisbookis______(我的).[my;mine]

  3)反身代词:

某某自己;亲自

  单数  复数

  yourself  yourselves

  myself  ourselves

  himself  herselfitselfthemselves

反身代词的常见搭配:

    1.enjoyoneself玩得高兴;过得愉快

    2.hurtoneself伤着自己

    3.teachoneself=learn…byoneself自学

    4.(all)byoneself(完全)独立地

    5.helponeselfto请自便;随便吃…

    6.lookafteroneself自理;照顾自己

    7.leaveonebyoneself把…单独留下

    8.loseoneselfin陶醉于…;沉浸于…

(三)不定代词

    1)some与any

    一般情况下,some用于肯定句,any用于否定句、疑问句(但表邀请、建议的问句中可用some-此类句型常以could,would开头)

    2)many+可数=alotof:

许多

    much+不可数

    (但alotof不能用于否定句)

    3)few,afew;little,alittle

    表否定表肯定

    可数

    few(几乎没有)afew(几个;一些)

    不可数

    little(几乎没有)alittle(一点儿少许)

  ①.Thestoryiseasytoread.Thereare____newwordsinit.[few]

    ②.Hurryup!

Thereis_____timeleft.[little]

    4)everyone/anyone不加of

    noone不加of

    noneof

    ()____ofuswantstoreadthebook.[B]

    A.EveryoneB.Everyone

    C.NobodyD.Noone

    5)other,another,others

    单数复数

    泛指another三者以上的另一个

    定语主语、宾语

    othersome…others

    特指one…theother

    一个…另一个theothers=theother+复名(另外的人或物)

    ①.Westudy_____subjectsbesidesChinese.

    ②.MayIhave___________apple?

    ③.Thesecupsareclean.________aredirty.

    ④.Ihavetwopens.Oneisred,________isblue.[other;another;others;theothers]

    另外注意:

oneanother(三者以上的)相互

    eachother(两者的)相互

    Weshouldlearnfromeachother(说明we指两个人)

    Theyhelponeanother(说明they指三个人以上)

    6)二者与三者

    复数单数单数

    二者both(都)neither(都不)either(任何一个)

    三者all(都)none(都不)any(任何一个)

    注意:

    ①.both否定neitherall否定none

    ②.both,all不但作主语为复数,且被修饰的词也为复数;neither,none作主语为单数,但noneof+复名,neitherof+复名

    ()1.____ofmyparentsisateacher.[B]

    A.NoneB.NeitherC.BothD.All

    ()2.Therearemanytreeson____sideoftheriver.[C]

    A.bothB.anyC.eitherD.all

    everyone/anyoneof

    7)each:

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