专四作文辅导.docx

专四作文辅导.docx

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专四作文辅导

新考纲要求及题型调整说明

《关于英语专业四级考试（TEM4）题型调整说明》（2015年版）的测试要求为：

能在45分钟内根据所给的作文题目、图表或阅读材料等，写一篇200个单词左右的短文。

能做到内容相关、充实、语言通顺、用词恰当、表达得体。

本部分为命题作文，文章体裁主要属于说明文、言论文或记叙文的范围，以测试学生的基本书面表达能力。

材料以两种形式出现，一类给出关于某一话题的两篇文字材料、观点相反，要求在阅读材料的基础上发表自己对该话题的观点，材料总长度为300词左右。

第二类给出一至两份图表材料和一份相关介绍的文字材料，要求对图表进行描述并进行合理分析，文字材料为150左右。

评分标准

分项评分：

内容阐述能力、篇章组织能力、语言运用能力。

内容阐述能力：

对所给材料进行准确的缩写和充分讨论。

篇章组织能力：

考查学生对缩写和讨论部分的组织安排，要求顺序合理、过渡自然、段落划分合理等。

语言运用能力：

考查词汇、语法和丰富和准确性，还包括书写规范如拼写准确性、标点运用、卷面整洁等。

题型分析

1.两篇文字材料的写作

所提供两篇文字材料都是关于同一话题，但观点对立。

因此，首先要对所给材料正反两方的观点进行综述（summary），考查学生对观点中的重要信息的辨别、概括和转述的能力，其次要求学生要提出自己的观点，考查论辩能力——提供同意或反对的合理论据和逻辑推理能力——说服类的语言表达能力。

注意事项：

第一，概括错误。

新的四级写作要求学生对所提供的材料进行概括，通常在概括能力方面，学生容易将材料原文的主要信息未加以转述、原词照搬到自己的作文中，或者在概括过程中未能对观点的主要信息进行归纳总结，将不重要的信息包括过来。

第二，内容不充实。

评分标准的要求是“内容相关、叙述清楚、前后一致”，在论述过程中由于思路不清或时间安排不合理等原因，造成内容空洞或论据不充分。

例如：

ShouldPrivateCarOwnersBeTaxedforPollution?

......Truly,theprivatecarshavecausedmanyproblems.Accordingtoarecentresearch,manyemissionsamongallthegreenhousegasesarefromtheprivatecars.Thepainfulexperiencesinthepasthavetaughtustoliveinharmonywithnatureandmanagetoavoidanyincidentsthatmayhaveanadverseeffectontheenvironment.Besides,thecontaminantssentbythecarsareveryharmfultoourhealth.Thepollutantswillhaveapersistentimpactonhumanbodyandarelikelytocauseanumberofdiseases.Aboveall,inrecentyearsthenumberofprivatecarsisgrowingatanunprecedentedrate.......

修正后：

......Tostartwith,theemissionfromcarscontributestotheenvironmentpollution.Accordingtothestudy,thetotalgasemissionoftheprivatecarsamountsto30~60%amongallthegreenhousegases,whichleadstothedeteriorationofthewholeecosystem,suchasclimatechange,acidrainandgreenhouseeffect.Soitistheseprivatecarownerswhoshouldpayforthepollution,andit’llbefairtousethetaxrevenueleviedontheircarstotreatairpollution.

Inaddition,taxforpollutionwillbeagoodwaytosolvetrafficjamswhicharebecomingmoreandmoresevereduetothesoaringnumberofprivatecars.Withoilpricebecominghigherandhigher,additionaltaxforpollutionissurelyaburden.Thenthosewhowanttobuycarswillconsidermorewhendecidingtobuyaprivatecar.Consequently,theincreasingrateofthenumberoftheprivatecarsandthenthetrafficjamcanbecontrolled.......

第三，语态、时态等错误较多、衔接不自然、句子质量不高。

这些问题都是由于语言基本功不扎实引起的。

例如：

“Whyareyoualwayslackofmoney?

”“AsfarIknow...weusemoneybuyfood...”“Peacefuldeathisworthadvocatedandwillbewellreceivedinthefuture.”

第三，语言不得体。

应该根据题目的要求，熟悉议论文、说明文的主体特征，选择合适的人称、正式或非正式用语。

如2007年作文，话题对于现在可以经常接触到网络的同学们来说，应该结合自己的经历进行论述，用第一人称展开论述。

2.图表和文字材料的写作

可提供的图表形式较多，有柱形图、曲线图、表格、饼图等等。

有可能是一副图，也有可能是复合图（即含有一副以上的图形组合）；文字材料有可能是关于图表话题的背景资料，也有可能是和图表提供的总趋势相悖的文字说明，也可能是和图表提供的数据的补充信息。

这类写作就要求学生既要熟悉图表描述，也要能将图表数据和文字材料能自然结合提出自己的观点。

注意事项：

第一，图表内容描述不正确。

对图表不熟悉，描述错误，重点不突出。

第二，语言错误。

用词贫乏或重复，表述冗余，时态混乱，语态错误等。

历年考试作文话题

年份

作文题目

题材

2000

TheImportanceofExtracurricularActivities

校园生活

2001

TravelBroadenstheMind

旅行

2002

TheBestWaytoStayhealthy

健康

2003

Theimportanceofkeepingagoodmood

情绪

2004

Willphoneskillletterwriting?

手机

2005

Myideaofauniversityartsfestival

校园生活

2006

Savingmoneyorspendingtomorrow’smoney

观念

2007

Isitwisetomakefriendsonline?

网络交友

2008

Thebenefitsofvolunteering

志愿者

2009

Willtourismbringharmtotheenvironment?

社会话题

2010

ShouldCollegeStudentsHireCleaners?

校园生活

2011

ShouldPrivateCarOwnersBeTaxedforPollution?

社会话题（环保）

2012

TheDragonBoatFestival

传统文化

2013

Theadvantagesofbeingcarefulwithmoneyindailylife

校园生活

2014

ShouldEnglishMajorsStudyMaths?

校园生活

2015

HowIDealwithStress?

校园生活

从这16年考题来看，标黑色的写作立场已经事先确定，考生无需在作立场判断，这类不妨称之为“说明文”；标红色的则需要考生在写作的第一段表明立场，方便下文就这一立场进行论证，这类可以称为“议论文”。

样题解析（两篇文字材料的写作）：

PartIVWRITING

Thereisrecentlyadebateabouttheinfluenceoftechnologyonourlife.Doesitmakeourlifeeasierormoredifficult?

Thefollowingarethesupporters’andopponents’opinions.Readcarefullytheopinionsfrombothsidesandwriteyourresponseinabout200words,inwhichyoushouldfirstsummarizebrieflytheopinionsfrombothsidesandgiveyourviewontheissue.

Markwillbeawardedforcontentrelevance,contentsufficiency,organizationandlanguagequality.Failuretofollowtheaboveinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks.

YES

NO

Technologyanddigitalmediacanbeagreathelptoreachingouttootherpeopleandspreadingyourmessagetoaverylargeplatform.“Socialmediaremovesalldistances:

geographic,social,hierarchical.Youcanreachanyone,atanytime,andcommunicateinrealtime.Thus,apermanentlinkofcommunicationhasbeencreated,”saidJulienMaldonate,aseniormanageratDeloitte.

AminaBelghiti,PartnershipsManageratFacebook,describeshowtechnologyhastakentheuniversalcommunicationmethodofstorytellingandtransformedit,inawaythatnowmorestoriescanreachmorepeoplethroughsocialmediaplatformsthaneverbefore.Sherecommendsthatpeoplefindtheirdigitalmediavoice,tellsharablestories,anddriveengagement.

Technologypromisestomakeourliveseasier,freeinguptimeforleisurepursuits.Buttherapidpaceoftechnologicalinnovationandthesplitsecondprocessingcapabilitiesofcomputersthatcanworkvirtuallynonstophavemadeallofusfeelrushed.Wehaveadoptedtherelentlesspaceoftheverymachinesthatweresupposedtosimplifyourlives,withtheresultthat,whetheratworkorplay,peopledonotfeelliketheirliveshavechangedforthebetter.

TheIndispensabilityofTechnology

Itissupposedthattechnologyhelpsuscommunicateeasierandquicker.JustasJulienMaldonatepointsout,digitalmediamakespeoplefromdifferentplaces,differentsocialbackgroundsandclassescommunicateinthesamemediaplatform.Andmessagesorstoriescanreachmorereadersoraudiencesbymassmedia.

However,somepeopleclaimthatwhentechnologyisrunningmoreandmorerapidly,itquickensourlifepaceandhasnotbetteredourlives.Forexample,secretarieshavetoreplytoinstantmessagesimmediatelywhentheirblackberrybeepsatmid-night;phoneusersalwaysfixtheireyesontheircellphonesandarereadytoansweranyringcalls.Infact,lifedoesnotbecomeeasyandrelaxing,insteaditbecomesmuchbusierandquicker.

Althoughtechnologyhasmadeourlivesmorecomplex,itisanintegralpartinourlives.Machinesinfactoriesandfarmshavefreedusfrommanualworks.Householdappliances,suchaswashingmachines,vacuumcleanersandmicrowaveovens,havemadeourhouseworkmucheasierthaneverbefore.Ibelievemostpeoplearenotwillingtogiveupusingcellphones,theInternetorotherinformationtechnologies,becausetheydobringaboutmuchconvenienceonourdailylife.Inaddition,,technologyplaysanincreasinglyimportantroleinoursociety.Owingtotheapplicationoftechnology,ithasbroughtadvancementsinagriculture,industry,engineering,architecture,andsoon.Advancementsintechnologyhaveledtotheevolutionofnewerandfastermodesoftransportationandcommunication.Thedevelopmentoftechnologyhasboostedresearchinfieldsrangingfromgeneticstoextraterrestrialspace.So,technologyhastouchedeveryaspectoflife,makingiteasier,betteranddifferent.

Obviouslytechnologydoesmakeourlivesmorecomplex.However,withouttechnologywemaybelivinginaprimitivesocietywheremostpeoplehavetoliveamonotonouslife.（301words）

练习一：

Shouldstandardizedtestscarrysignificantweightinthecollegeadmissionsprocess,oraretheyjustanothernumber?

Thefollowingarethesupporters’andopponents’opinions.Readcarefullytheopinionsfrombothsidesandwriteyourresponseinabout200words,inwhichyoushouldfirstsummarizebrieflytheopinionsfrombothsidesandgiveyourviewontheissue.

YES

NO

TheSATisthemostwidelyusedandmostheavilyresearchedcollegeadmissionstestinthecountry.Incombinationwithotherdata,suchasastudent’sgrade-pointaverage,collegeapplicationessays,andlettersofrecommendation,theSAThasproventobeavalid,fair,andreliabledatatoolforcollegeadmissions.Alloftheavailableresearchsupportsthispoint.

Thegreatmajorityofournation’scollegesanduniversitiesaccepttheSATasanintegralpartoftheadmissionsprocess,andmostthatrequirethesubmissionoftheSATdosobecausetheyknowtheycanmakebetteradmissionsdecisionsiftheyhaveasmanydataaspossibleabouteverystudentapplicant.

TheSATwasoriginallyconceivedasanobjectivemeasuretoeventhedifferencesincurriculumandgradingacrossthecountry.Butobjectivityhaseroded,whiletheperceivedimportanceofthetesthasgrown.

AtWakeForestUniversity,wesawmorecoststhanbenefitstostandardizedtests.Wewantedtosignaltoprospectivestudentswhatwereallycareabout:

fouryearsofhighschoolsuccessinthemostrigorousavailablecurriculum,appliedcreativityandimagination,andhungerfortheopportunityofaWakeForesteducation.Aftercarefulthought,wemadetestscoresoptional----andhopedtoenrollstudentswithabroaderrangeoftalents,backgrounds,andabilities.

StandardizedTestsWork!

ItisbelievedthatstandardizedtestssuchasSATinAmericahavelosttheirobjectivitywhiletheirimportancehasincreasedincollegeadmission.ThishasbeenproveninWakeForestUniversity.Ontheotherhand,manycollegesanduniversitiesacceptthegradesofstandardizedtests.Itisarguedthatstandardizedtestscanbeproperlyusedasanobjectivemeansofrecruitingnewstudentsandgreatlyhelpcollegesanduniversitiesmakedecisionsaboutcollegereadiness.

Inmyopinion,thebestwayofcollegeadmissionsistor