迈克尔布隆伯格在哈佛大学毕业典礼英语演讲稿.docx
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迈克尔布隆伯格在哈佛大学毕业典礼英语演讲稿
迈克尔·布隆伯格在哈佛大学2019年毕业典礼英语演讲稿
Thankyou,Katie–andthankyoutoPresidentFaust,theFellowsofHarvardCollege,theBoardofOverseers,andallthefaculty,alumni,andstudentswhohavewelcomedmebacktocampus.
I’mexcitedtobehere,notonlytoaddressthedistinguishedgraduatesandalumniatHarvardUniversity’s363rdcommencementbuttostandintheexactspotwhereOprahstoodlastyear.OMG.
Letmebeginwiththemostimportantorderofbusiness:
Let’shaveabigroundofapplausefortheClassof2019!
They’veearnedit!
Asexcitedasthegraduatesare,theyareprobablyevenmoreexhaustedafterthepastfewweeks.Andparents:
I’mnotreferringtotheirfinalexams.I’mtalkingabouttheSeniorOlympics,theLastChanceDance,andtheBoozeCruise–Imean,themoonlightcruise.
Theentireyearhasbeenexcitingoncampus:
HarvardbeatYalefortheseventhstraighttimeinfootball.Themen’sbasketballteamwenttothesecondroundoftheNCAAtournamentforthesecondstraightyear.AndtheMen’sSquashteamwonnationalchampionship.
Who’dathunkit:
Harvard,anathleticpowerhouse!
Prettysoonthey’llbeaskingwhetheryouhaveacademicstogoalongwithyourathleticprograms.
MypersonalconnectiontoHarvardbeganin1964,whenIgraduatedfromJohnsHopkinsUniversityinBaltimoreandmatriculatedhereattheB-School.
You’reprobablyasking:
HowdidIevergetintoHarvardBusinessSchool,givenmystellaracademicrecord,whereIalwaysmadethetophalfoftheclasspossible?
Ihavenoidea.Andtheonlypeoplemoresurprisedthanmeweremyprofessors.
Anyway,hereIamagainbackinCambridge.AndIhavenoticedthatafewthingshavechangedsinceIwasastudenthere.Elsie’s–asandwichspotIusedtoloveneartheSquare–isnowaburritoshop.TheWursthaus–whichhadgreatbeerandsausage–isnowanartisanalgastro-pub,whatevertheheckthatis.AndtheoldHolyokeCenterisnownamedtheSmithCampusCenter.
Don’tyoujusthateitwhenalumniputtheirnamesallovereverything?
IwasthinkingaboutthatthismorningasIwalkedintotheBloombergCenterontheHarvardBusinessSchoolcampusacrosstheriver.
Butthegoodnewsis,HarvardremainswhatitwaswhenIfirstarrivedoncampus50yearsago:
America’smostprestigiousuniversity.And,likeothergreatuniversities,itliesattheheartoftheAmericanexperimentindemocracy.
Theirpurposeisnotonlytoadvanceknowledge,buttoadvancetheidealsofournation.Greatuniversitiesareplaceswherepeopleofallbackgrounds,holdingallbeliefs,pursuingallquestions,cancometostudyanddebatetheirideas–freelyandopenly.
Today,I’dliketotalkwithyouabouthowimportantitisforthatfreedomtoexistforeveryone,nomatterhowstronglywemaydisagreewithanother’sviewpoint.
Toleranceforotherpeople’sideas,andthefreedomtoexpressyourown,areinseparablevaluesatgreatuniversities.Joinedtogether,theyformasacredtrustthatholdsthebasisofourdemocraticsociety.
Butthattrustisperpetuallyvulnerabletothetyrannicaltendenciesofmonarchs,mobs,andmajorities.Andlately,wehaveseenthosetendenciesmanifestthemselvestoooften,bothoncollegecampusesandinoursociety.
That’sthebadnews–andunfortunately,IthinkbothHarvard,andmyowncityofNewYork,havebeenwitnessestothistrend.
First,forNewYorkCity.Severalyearsago,asyoumayremember,somepeopletriedtostopthedevelopmentofamosqueafewblocksfromtheWorldTradeCentersite.
Itwasanemotionalissue,andpollsshowedthattwo-thirdsofAmericanswereagainstamosquebeingbuiltthere.EventheAnti-DefamationLeague–widelyregardedasthecountry’smostardentdefenderofreligiousfreedom–declareditsoppositiontotheproject.
Theopponentsheldralliesanddemonstrations.Theydenouncedthedevelopers.Andtheydemandedthatcitygovernmentstopitsconstruction.Thatwastheirright–andweprotectedtheirrighttoprotest.Buttheycouldnothavebeenmorewrong.Andwerefusedtocaveintotheirdemands.
Theideathatgovernmentwouldsingleoutaparticularreligion,andblockitsbelievers–andonlyitsbelievers–frombuildingahouseofworshipinaparticularareaisdiametricallyopposedtothemoralprinciplesthatgaverisetoourgreatnationandtheconstitutionalprotectionsthathavesustainedit.
Ourunionof50statesrestsontheunionoftwovalues:
freedomandtolerance.AnditisthatunionofvaluesthattheterroristswhoattackedusonSeptember11th,2019–andonApril15th,2019–foundmostthreatening.
Tothem,wewereaGod-lesscountry.
Butinfact,thereisnocountrythatprotectsthecoreofeveryfaithandphilosophyknowntohumankind–freewill–morethantheUnitedStatesofAmerica.Thatprotection,however,restsuponourconstantvigilance.
Weliketothinkthattheprincipleofseparationofchurchandstateissettled.Itisnot.Anditneverwillbe.Itisuptoustoguarditfiercely–andtoensurethatequalityunderthelawmeansequalityunderthelawforeveryone.
Ifyouwantthefreedomtoworshipasyouwish,tospeakasyouwish,andtomarrywhomyouwish,youmusttoleratemyfreedomtodoso–ornotdoso–aswell.
WhatIdomayoffendyou.Youmayfindmyactionsimmoralorunjust.Butattemptingtorestrictmyfreedoms–inwaysthatyouwouldnotrestrictyourown–leadsonlytoinjustice.
Wecannotdenyotherstherightsandprivilegesthatwedemandforourselves.Andthatistrueincities–anditisnolesstrueatuniversities,wheretheforcesofrepressionappeartobestrongernowthantheyhavebeensincethe1950s.
WhenIwasgrowingup,U.S.SenatorJoeMcCarthywasasking:
‘Areyounoworhaveyoueverbeen?
’Hewasattemptingtorepressandcriminalizethosewhosympathizedwithaneconomicsystemthatwas,eventhen,failing.
McCarthy’sRedScaredestroyedthousandsoflives,butwhatwashesoafraidof?
Anidea–inthiscase,communism–thatheandothersdeemeddangerous.
Buthewasrightaboutonething:
Ideascanbedangerous.Theycanchangesociety.Theycanupendtraditions.Theycanstartrevolutions.That’swhythroughouthistory,thoseinauthorityhavetriedtorepressideasthatthreatentheirpower,theirreligion,theirideology,ortheirreelectionchances.
ThatwastrueforSocratesandGalileo,itwastrueforNelsonMandelaandVáclavHavel,andithasbeentrueforAiWeiWei,PussyRiot,andthekidswhomadethe‘Happy’videoinIran.
Repressingfreeexpressionisanaturalhumanweakness,anditisuptoustofightitateveryturn.Intoleranceofideas–whetherliberalorconservative–isantitheticaltoindividualrightsandfreesocieties,anditisnolessantitheticaltogreatuniversitiesandfirst-ratescholarship.
Thereisanideafloatingaroundcollegecampuses–includinghereatHarvard–thatscholarsshouldbefundedonlyiftheirworkconformstoaparticularviewofjustice.There’sawordforthatidea:
censorship.Anditisjustamodern-dayformofMcCarthyism.
Thinkabouttheirony:
Inthe1950s,therightwingwasattemptingtorepressleftwingideas.Today,onmanycollegecampuses,itisliberalstryingtorepressconservativeideas,evenasconservativefacultymembersareatriskofbecominganendangeredspecies.AndperhapsnowhereisthatmoretruethanhereintheIvyLeague.
Inthe2019presidentialrace,accordingtoFederalElectionCommissiondata,96percentofallcampaigncontributionsfromIvyLeaguefacultyandemployeeswenttoBarackObama.
Ninety-sixpercent.TherewasmoredisagreementamongtheoldSovietPolitburothanthereisamongIvyLeaguedonors.
Thatstatisticshouldgiveuspause–andIsaythatassomeonewhoendorsedPresidentObamaforreelection–becauseletmetellyou,neitherpartyhasamonopolyontruthorGodonitsside.
When96percentofIvyLeaguedonorspreferonecandidatetoanother,youhavetowonderwhetherstudentsarebeingexposedtothediversityofviewsthatagreatuniversityshouldoffer.
Diversityofgender,ethnicity,andorientationisimportant.Butauniversitycannotbegreatifitsfacultyispoliticallyhomogenous.Infact,thewholepurposeofgrantingtenuretoprofessorsistoensurethattheyfeelfreetoconductresearchonideasthatrunafoulofuniversitypoliticsandsocietalnorms.
Whentenurewascreated,itmostlyprotectedliberalswhoseideasranupagainstconservativenorms.
Today,iftenureisgoingtocontinuetoexist,itmustalsoprotectconservativeswhoseideasrunupagainstliberalnorms.Otherwise,universityresearch–andtheprofessorswhoconductit–willlosecredibility.
Greatuniversitiesmustnotbecomepredictablypartisan.Andaliberalartseducationmustnotbeaneducationintheartofliberalism.
Theroleofuniversitiesisnottopromoteanideology.Itistoprovidescholarsandstudentswithaneutralforumforresearchinganddebatingissues–withouttippingthescalesinonedirection,orrepressingunpopularviews.
Requiringscholars–andcommencementspeakers,forthatmatter–toconformtocertainpoliticalstandardsunderminesthewholepurposeofauniversity.
Thisspring,ithasbeendisturbingtoseeanumberofcollegecommencementspeakerswithdraw–orhavetheirinvitationsrescinded–afterprotestsfromstudentsand–tome,shockingly