外国语20世纪30年代鲁迅与梁实秋之间的翻译论战.docx

外国语20世纪30年代鲁迅与梁实秋之间的翻译论战.docx

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外国语20世纪30年代鲁迅与梁实秋之间的翻译论战

20世纪30年代鲁迅与梁实秋之间的翻译论战

TheDisputeonTranslationCriteriaBetweenLuXunand

LiangShiqiuIn1930s

XiaoYan

UndertheSupervisionof

LiaoHong

SchoolofForeignLanguagesandCultures

PanzhihuaUniversity

May2006

Contents

摘要……………………………………………………….…………………………………………...I

关键词………………………………………………………………………………………………....I

Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………………..…Ⅱ

Keywords…………………………………………………………………………………………….II

Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………….1

I.BriefIntroductionaboutLuXunandLiangShiqiu………………………………………...2

A.BriefIntroductionaboutLuXun…………………………………………..………………...…2

B.BriefIntroductionaboutLiangShiqiu……………………………………….…………………3

II.TheDisputebetweenLuXunandLiangShiqiuin1930s…………………….…………..4

A.TheBackgroundoftheDispute……………………………………………….…….…………..4

B.TheMainContentoftheDispute………………………………………………….……………5

a.ContradictionandUnificationBetweenFaithfulnessandExpressiveness……….…………5

b.LiteralTranslationandLiberalTranslation………………………………………….………7

c.EuropeanizationandDomestication…………………………………………………….…...8

d.Repetition………………………………………………………………………………….…9

III.TheSignificanceoftheDispute…...…………………………………………………………9

Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………….…12

Acknowledgement………………………………………………………………………………...13

Bibliography…………………………………………………………………………………….…14

摘要

20世纪30年代，准确地说，从1927年至1937年是中国新文学繁盛的时代，翻译文学也呈现出了一片欣欣向荣的景象。

有关翻译标准的争论由来已久，30年代达到了空前高潮，许多著名的作家诸如鲁迅、梁实秋、瞿秋白、林语堂、陈西滢、赵景深和叶公超等都直接或间接地介入了这场论战。

本文从翻译研究的角度出发，分析了20世纪30年代以鲁迅、梁实秋为代表的关于翻译标准的论战的核心内容及其影响和意义，具体包括三个方面：

鲁迅和梁实秋的介绍、翻译论战涉及的主要内容、以及此次翻译论战的影响和意义。

关键词

翻译标准；翻译论战

Abstract

Inthe1930s,tobemoreprecise,from1927to1937,Chinesenewliteraturemadearapiddevelopmentandthetranslationliteraturewasalsoinprosperity.Thedisputeonthetranslationcriteriahasexistedforalongtimeandreachedtheunprecedentedclimaxinthe1930s.Alotoffamouswriters，suchasLuXun,LiangShiqiu,QuQiubai,LinYutang,ChenXiying,andZhaoJingshen，gotinvolvedinthe1930sdisputedirectlyorindirectly.

Fromtheperspectiveoftranslation,thethesismakesananalysisofthedisputeabouttranslationcriteriain1930swhichwasinitiatedbyLuXunandLiangShiqiu.Thisthesisincludesthreeaspectsconcretely:

thebriefintroductionaboutLuXunandLiangShiqiu;themaincontentofthedispute;thesignificanceofthedispute.

Keywords

Translationcriteria;translationdispute

Introduction

Inthe1930s,tobemoreprecise,from1927to1937thenewliteraturemadearapiddevelopmentandthetranslationliteraturewasalsoinprosperity.Thedisputeabouttranslationhasexitedalongtimeandduringthisperioditreacheditsunprecedentedclimax.ThemaincharactersofthisdisputeareLuXunandLiangShiqiu,stillmanyotherfamouswriterssuchasQuQiubai,LinYutang,ChenXiying,andZhaoJingshengotinvolvedinthedisputedirectlyorindirectly.

Thisthesisdoesn’tattempttodigouttherealcausesoftheheateddebatebetweenLuXunandLiangShiqiuin1929.However,theauthorisgoingtointroducesomeideasaboutitfromtheperspectiveoftranslation.

Onthesurface,thedisputewascenteredonthecriteriafortranslation.LiangShiqiuattackedLuXun’sliteraltranslation.Hecalleditthe"deadtranslations".AccordingtoLiangShiqiu,thiskindoftranslationwastotallyunintelligibletoreaders.LuXunjustadmittedthathewastranslatingina"hard'way.Hedefendedthathewasfaithfulnotonlytotheoriginalsbutalsotothereaders.LuXun,inreturn,accusedLiangShiqiuforsacrificingaccuracyforfluency.Comingalongwiththeseargumentswereridicule,derisiveandmaliciouspersonalattacks.

Thisthesisholdsthatsofarastranslationisconcerned,therewasnofundamentaldifferencebetweenLuandLiang.Bothwouldliketohaveanaccurateandmorereadabletranslation.Therealdifferencebetweenthemwasthepoliticalstances.LuXun,in1929,turnedleft.SupportingtheCommunistcause,hestartedtotranslateMarxistliterarytheoriesandworks.Ontheotherhand,LiangShiqiubecameaclosefollowerofIrvingBabbitt,masterofNeo-Classicism,afterhisstudyingabroad.HecouldnottoleratethepoliticalagendabehindLuXun'stranslationactivities.

Thisthesisisplannedtobypassallthepoliticalfactors.Theauthoronlymakesaretrospectandanalysisonthe1930s’disputefromtheperspectiveoftranslation.

Thisthesisincludesthreeaspectsconcretely:

thebriefintroductionaboutLuXunandLiangShiqiu,themaincontentofthedisputeandthesignificanceofthedispute.

I.BriefIntroductionaboutLuXunandLiangShiqiu

A.BriefIntroductionaboutLuXun

LuXun,thefatherofmodernChineseliterature,wasbornonSeptember25th,1881,anddiedonOctober19th,1936.HewasafamousChinesewriter,athinkerandrevolutionist.HisoriginalnamewasZhouShurenandhewasborninarichandconservativefamilyinShaoxin,Zhejiang.Hisliterature'sbackgroundswerefocusedontheendofthefeudalismperiod.Whenhewasyoung,hewasinfluencedbythetheoryofrevolution,Nietzsche’ssuperhumanphilosophyandTolstoy’suniversallovethoughts.In1902,hestudiedabroadinJapan.HestudiedmedicineinXiantaiMedicalSchool.However,hedidn'tbecomeadoctorafterhewentbacktoChina.Hewasinfluencedbydifferentideasandsocialbackgrounds,whichmadehimgiveupbeingadoctoranddeterminetobeengagedintheliteraturework.Between1905and1907,heparticipatedintherevolutionaryparty.Duringhislifetime,hepublishedmanyliteratureworksthataffectedtheChinesepeopleandthepeopleintheworld.Thuspeoplegavehimanhonorablenicknameasthe"FatherofModernChineseLiterature".

LuXunwasoneofthegreatestwritersinChinaduring1880to1940.Inthisperiod,Chinawasintheperiodofrevolution.ThisspecialhistoricalbackgroundmadeLuXunacquiremanypositiveideaswhichhadbeensharedbytheChinese.Atthattime,thegovernmentwascorrupted.Hence,hewrotemanyarticlesandfictionstoreflectthesocietyofthatage.Therefore,thethemesofhisbooksareallarounddepravation.HismostfamousbooksareOutcry,Wandering,DiaryofaMadmanandDawnBlossomsPluckedatDust,etc.Duringhislifetime,hewrotealotofliteratureworkswhichweremorethan29kinds.HediedinShanghaiattheageoffifth-four.

Afamouswriteratthesameperiod------LaoShesaid:

“LuXunwasgoodatnotonlythemodernliteraturebutalsotheclassicliterature.Hispoetrywasverygood,buthewasnotbelongingtoanykindsofoldtimes.Hehadhisownwayandstyle.Hewasinterestedineverything,nomatterthenewortheoldthings.Hecouldmakethejudgmentanytimewhenhestudies.”（Meizi,2006）

Moreover,thefirstChairmanofChina,MaoZedongspokehighlyofhim,too.Hesaid:

“LuXunistheoneofthegreatestpeopleofourtimeandheisalsoagreatpersonofnewChinajustthesameasthatConfuciusisagreatpersonofancientChina.”（HanShishan,2006）

B.BriefIntroductionaboutLiangShiqiu

LiangShiqiu,whoseoriginalnamewasLiangZhihua,wasbornonDecember8,1902,Beijing,anddiedonNovember3,1987,Taibei,Taiwan,Heisaprominentessayistandtranslator,thefirstpersonwhotranslatedTheWorksofShakespearefromEnglishintoChinese.HeattendedtheUniversityofColoradoasaseniorandthenmaderesearchatHarvardandColumbia.AtHarvard,wherehewasinfluencedbythecriticIrvingBabbitt,hewroteapaperinwhichheoutlinedtheromanticessencesofmodernChineseliteratureandsuggestedthatChineseliteratureshouldborrowfromtheformsofWesternliterature.LaterheexpandedtheseideasintoabookentitledTheRomanticandTheClassic.

BythetimehereturnedtoChinain1926,LiangShiqiufeltstronglyabouttheaestheticandindependentpurposesofliterarycreation;andthushewasdenouncedbyleft-wingwriterswhofavoredamorepoliticalapproachtoliterature.Heandotherlike-mindedwriters,includingHuShiandXuZhimo,foundedtheCrescentMoonSocietyin1927andpublishedtheirideasinthejournalXinyue（“Crescent”）.LiangShiqiutaughtEnglishliteratureatPekingUniversity（1934–1937）andworkedonhistranslationofTheWorksofShakespeareintovernacularChinesewhichwascompleteditin1967.Hebeganhisprosewritingin1940,whichwasduringtheSino-JapaneseWar.Acollectionofhisessays,YasheWorks（translatedasSketchesofaCottager）,waspublishedin1949andhasbeenreprintedmorethan50times.WhenthecommuniststookcontrolofChinain1949,hemovedtoTaiwan.

InadditiontohismanycriticalworksandhisrenditionofShakespeare,LiangShiqiuproducedanumberofotherexcellenttranslations,suchas,Héloïse’sLoveLetters,PeterPan,andWutheringHeights.HealsowroteTheHistoryofBritishLiteratureinChineseandcompiledseveraldictionariesbothfromChineseintoEnglishandviceversa.

LiangShiqiuwasaliterarycriticknownforhisdevastatingcritiqueofmodernromanticChineseliteratureandforhisinsistenceontheaesthetic.Literaryhistoriansrememberedhimchieflyforhisconservativeleaningandthefamous“warofwords”withLuXun,theacknowledgedleaderofleftistwriters.LiangShiqiuhascontributedalottothehistoryofChinesetranslation,too.

LiangShiqiuwasyoungerthanLuXun.Atthattimehewasonly24yearsoldandhejustcamefromAmericaasanunknownperson.Therewerefewpeoplewhoknewhim.However,herefutedLuXun'stranslationtheorystronglyanddefinitely.Therefore,betweenLuXunandLiangShiqou,therebrokeoutadisputeontranslationcriteria.

II.TheDisputeBetweenLuXunandLiangShiqiuIn1930s

A.TheBackgroundoftheDispute

YanFu'stranslationcriteria------“Fa