TPO28听力解析.docx
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TPO28听力解析
TPO28听力解析
Section1
Conversation1
1.Whatistheconversationmainlyabout?
A.CriticismsofDewey’spoliticalphilosophy
B.Methodsforleadingadiscussiongroup
C.Recentchangesmadetoareferencedocument
D.Problemswiththeorganizationofapaper
答案:
D
解析:
〔0.26-0.48〕Professor:
Solet’sgetstarted.YourpaperonJohnDewey’spoliticalphilosophyhasafewissuesIliketocover.Yougetgreatbiographicalsketchesinthebeginning.OK,butthenyougettohispoliticalphilosophy.Idon’tthinkyouhavedoneenoughtosituatehisphilosophywithinthetimeperiod.Inotherwords,youhaven’tconnectedhisphilosophytothethinkingofotherintellectualsofthetime.
教授说学生的paper并没有很好的将J.D的政治哲学与同时代其他知识分子的哲学所联系起来,也就是paper的organization有问题
2.Whyisthestudentlateforhismeeting?
A.Seeingthedoctorlongerthanexpected
B.Nonearbyparkingspaceswhereavailable
C.Hissoccerpracticelastedlongerthanusual
D.Hehadproblemsprintinghispaper
答案:
A
解析:
(0.12-0.22)Student:
I’msosorryI’mlateProfessorMills.Ihavejustbeentostudents’medicalcenter.Ipushedmyankleplayingsoccerthismorning.IttakeslongerthanIexpectedtoseethedoctor.
同义转换
3.Whatrevisiondoesthestudentneedtomaketohispaper?
(clickon3answers)
A.DescribetheinfluencesonDeweyinmoredetail
B.Expandtheintroductorybiographicalsketch
C.Removeunnecessarycontentthroughoutthepaper
D.Useconsistentreferencesthroughoutthepaper
E.AddanexplanationofDewey’sviewonindividuality
答案:
A,C,D
解析:
(0.48-0.56)Student:
SoIhaven’tcatchthemostcriticalinfluences,theinfluencesthatweremostsignificanttohispoliticalthinking?
Professor:
Exactly.
(1.30-1.50)Professor:
Yes,revised.Letmeask,whenyoufinishedwriting,didyougobackandaskyourselfifallthematerialwasrelevant?
Student:
Well.no.
Professor:
Idothinkthereareareasthatcanbecut.IguesswhatIamsayingisyourparagraphsarereallypresentinginlogicalorder.Thedirectionofyourargumentisnotcrystal-clear,andthereissomeunnecessarymaterialgettingintheway.
(2.13-2.30〕Professor:
Itlookslikeyougethavemixedupwithanotherreferencesystem.
Student:
Oh,yeah.Iusedsomethingdifferentinhighschool.It’ssoconfusingwhenswitchingtoanewsystem.
Iknow.Butremember,everythingneedstobeconsistentwhencomestoreferencing.It’saveryimportantacademicconvention.
教授认为学生的paper没有描述对Dewey政治思考最重要的影响,应该添加,对应A选项。
教授认为paper的reference不够consistent,来自于不同的systems,对应D选项
paper中有不必要的材料,应该被cut,对应C选项
4.Whydoestheprofessormentionthepoliticalscienceclub?
A.Toencouragethestudenttorunforclubpresident
B.TopointoutthatJohnDeweywasamemberofasimilarclub
C.Tosuggestanactivitythatmightinterestthestudent
D.Toindicatewherethestudentcangethelpwithhispaper
答案:
C
解析:
(2.32-2.47)Professor:
Oh,also,Iwanttoaskyou,willyoubeinthepoliticalscienceclubmeetingSaturday?
Student:
Definitely,thetopicisJohnDewey.
Professor:
Yes.Areyouinterestedinmeetingpartofthediscussion?
Tomislookingsomeonetohelpout.Ithinkyouhavealottocontribute.
Student:
Thatwillbefun.I’llgivethemacall.
教授问对讨论会感兴趣吗,对应C选项
5.Whydoestheprofessorsaythis?
A.Tofindouthowmanydraftsthestudentwrote
B.Toencouragethestudenttoreviewhisownwork
C.Toemphasizetheneedforthestudenttofollowtheguidelines
D.Toproposeadifferentsolutiontotheproblem
答案:
B
解析:
重听部分:
Letmeask,whenyoufinishedwriting,didyougobackandaskyourselfifallthematerialwasrelevant?
教授问学生在完成写作后有没有回去重新看看材料是否都有关联,即reviewhisownwork
Lecture1
6.Whatisthelecturemainlyabout?
A.TheimportanceofLocke’sviewstomodernphilosophicalthought
B.HowDescartes’viewofknowledgeinfluencedtrendsinWesternphilosophy
C.Howtwophilosophersviewedfoundationalknowledgeclaims
D.Thedifferencebetweenfoundationalismandmethodologicaldoubt
答案:
C
解析:
lecture一直在讲foundationalism,Locke和Descartes,对应的也就是twophilosophers和foundationknowledgeclaims
7.Whydoestheprofessormentionahouse?
A.Toexplainanideaabouttheorganizationofhumanknowledge
B.ToIllustratetheunreliabilityofourperceptionofphysicalobjects
C.Toclarifythedifferencebetweentwopointsofviewaboutthebasisofhumanknowledge
D.ToremindstudentsofapointhemadeaboutDescartesinapreviouslecture
答案:
A
解析:
〔0.44-1.08〕Takeknowledgeasahouse,youneedasolidfoundationonwhichyoubuildyourhouse.Andifyouhaveastrongfoundation,yourhouseismorelikelytobesolid.Well,foundationaliststhinkthesamethingistrueofknowledge.Ifyouhaveasolidbaseforyourknowledgeclaims,thenyourknowledgestructureismorelikelytobestrong.Well,true.
professor说foundationalists认为如果有solidbaseforknowledge,那么structure〔对应选项中的organizationofhumanknowledge〕也会更strong,与修建房子同理,对应A选项
8.WhatdidLockebelievetobethemostbasictypeofhumanknowledge?
A.Knowledgeofone’sownexistence
B.Knowledgeacquiredthroughthesenses
C.Knowledgehumansarebornwith
D.Knowledgepasseddownfrompreviousgenerations
答案:
B
解析:
(1.34-2.01)Professor:
Locke’viewpointessentiallyiswhenhumanswereborn,theirmindswerelikeblankslakes.Thatis,wedon’thaveanykindofknowledgewhenwewereborn.Wegetourknowledgefromoursenses,youknow,taste,touch,smile,sighthearing.Sowhenwelookattheworld,firstisthebaby’s,thenaswegrow,that’swhereourknowledgecomesfrom.Oursenses,ourexperiencesserveasthefoundationforourknowledge.
foundation对应题干中的basictypeofknowledge,Locke认为这些基础知识来自于人对外界的感知,也就是senses
9.Accordingtotheprofessor,whatwasDescartes’purposeforusingmethodologicaldoubt?
A.Todiscoverwhatcanbeconsideredfoundationalknowledgeclaims.
B.Tochallengethephilosophicalconceptoffoundationalism
C.Toshowthatone’sexistencecannotbeproven
D.TodemonstratethatLocke’sviewswereessentiallycorrect
答案:
A
解析:
(2.14-2.28)Professor:
Descartesthoughtyoumustgotomuchdeepertofindfoundations.Hebelievedoursensesarenottobetrusted.Sohewantedtofindamoresolidfoundationforknowledge.Hebeganwithwhatcomestobecalledmethodologicaldoubt.
Descartes认为需要gomuchdeeper〔对应discover〕tofindfoundations〔对应foundationalknowledgeclaims〕,对应了选项A
10.ForDescartes,whatwasthesignificanceofdreaming?
A.Hebelievedthathisbestideascametohimindreams
B.Heregardeddreamingasthestrongestproofthathumanexists.
C.Dreamingsupportshiscontentionthatrealityhasmanyaspects
D.Dreamingillustrateswhyhumanexperienceofrealitycannotalwaysbetrusted
答案:
D
解析:
(3.02-3.11)Professor:
SounlikeJohnLocke,Descartesdoubtthatknowledgecomesfromsenses.Hepointsoutthatatsometimeoranothereveryoneisdeceivedbyitssenses.
(4.25-4.44)Wecouldbedreaming.Andthere’sreallynogoodwaytoprovewearenot.Sothecommonsensepictureofrealitythattheworldreallyiswhatitlookstous.Descartesshowsitcannotjustbeasassumedastobetruebeyondalldoubt.Hedoesitbytalkingaboutillusions.Andalso,byarguingthatwecouldbedreaming.
lecture中教授提高笛卡尔认为人可能被experience或者sensedeceived..也就是experiencecannotbetrusted,笛卡尔认为我们所感受到的reality也可能是我们在dreaming,不一定是真正的reality
11.AccordingtoDescartes,whattypeofbeliefshouldserveasafoundationforallotherknowledgeclaims?
A.Abeliefthatisconsistentwithwhatoneseesandhears
B.Abeliefthatmostotherpeopleshare
C.Abeliefthatonehasheldsincechildhood
D.Abeliefthatcannotbefalse
答案:
D
解析:
(4.54-5.12)Professor:
ToeventhinkIdoubtthatIexist,youhavetoexist.AndsowhatDescarteshasdoneistofindatleastonethingthathecanbecertainofhesaysIexist.Andthat’sthestart.Andotherknowledge,hetellsus,canbebasedonthatfoundation.
笛卡尔认为作为知识基础的一定是他可以确信存在的,也就是abeliefthatcannotbefalse
Lecture2
12.Whatisthemainpurposeofthelecture?
A.Toshowthatsomebirdshavecognitiveskillssimilartothoseofprimates
B.Toexplainhowthebrainsofcertainprimatesandbirdsevolved
C.Tocomparedifferentteststhatmeasurethecognitiveabilitiesofanimals
D.Todescribeastudyoftherelationshipbetweenbrainsizeandcognitiveabilities
答案:
A
解析:
(0.17-0.22)Professor:
Todaywe’regoingtotalkaboutparticularcognitiveabilitysomeanimalseemtohave.
(1.50-)Nowithasbeenassumedthatprimatesandsomeothermammalsstoodaloneatthetopofhighercognitiveevolution.Butrecently,birds,havebeenfoundpossesssomeofthesamecognitiveabilities.
在开头教授就讲要讨论某种动物有的认识能力,在开头偏后又明确提出要讨论鸟的能力,并且是何primates相类似的能力
13.Whengivingmagpiesthemirrormarktest,whydidresearchersplacethemarkonthemagpies’throats?
A.Throatmarkingstriggeraggressivebehaviorinothermagpies
B.Throatmarkingsareextremelyrareinmagpies.
C.Magpiescannotseetheirownthroatswithoutlookinginamirror.
D.Magpiescannoteasilyremoveamarkformtheirthroats.
答案:
C
解析:
(2.55Professor:
AsIsaid,,magpiesarecorvids,andbecausecorvidshavetheseothercognitiveskills,researcherswanttoseeiftheywerealsocapableofmirror-selfrecognition,sotheygivethemamirrormarktest,placingayellowstickeronthebird’sblackthroats.Atfirst,themagpiesonlyengageinthesamesocialbehaviorsthatotheranimalsdo,lookingbehindthemirror,buteventuallysomeofthebirds,whilelookinginthemirror,catch
14.Accordingtotheprofessor,somecorvidsareknowntohidetheirfood.Whatpossiblereasondoessheprovideforthisbehavior?
〔clickon2answers〕
A.Theyareensuringthattheywillhavefoodtoeatatalaterpointintime
B.Theywanttokeeptheirfoodinasinglelocationthattheycaneasilydefend
C.Theyhavebeenconditionedtoexhibitthistype