考研英语常见前后缀.docx

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考研英语常见前后缀.docx

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考研英语常见前后缀.docx

考研英语常见前后缀

考研英语常见前后缀（总8页）

1.常见前缀

序号

类别

小类

前缀

例示

否定

纯否定

a-,an-

asymmetry,anhydrous

dis-

dishonest,dislike

in-,ig-,il-,im-,ir-

incapable,inability,ignoble,impossible,immoral,illegal,irregular

ne-,n-

none,neither,never

non-

nonsense

neg-

neglect

un-

unable,unemployment

错误意义

male-,mal-

malfunction,maladjustment

mis-

mistake,mislead

pseudo-

pseudonym,pseudoscience

反动作意义

de-

defend,demodulation

dis-

disarm,disconnect

un-

unload,uncover

相反、相互对立

anti-,ant-

antiknock,antiforeign

contra-,contre-,contro-

contradiction,controflow

counter-,

counterreaction,counterbalance

ob-,oc-,of-,op-

object,oppose,occupy

with-

withdraw,withstand

空间位置，方向关系

在……之上，向……

aboard,aside

附近，邻近，边侧

by-

bypath,bypass

Hebypassedhiscolleaguesontheboardandwentaheadwiththedeal.

周围，环绕，回转

circum-,circu-

circumstance,circuit,

circum-Pacificislandarc

circum-Pacificvolcanicbelt

在下，向下

de-

descend,degrade,dethrone,　　deport,deduce,derail,delete,depart,decamp,decode,deforest,decolonize,devaluation

在内，进入

en-,

encage,enbed

外部，外

ex-,ec-,es-

exit,eclipse,expand,export

额外

extra-,

extraction

在前面

fore-

forehead,foreground

（用于b,m,p之前）,ir-,表示“向内，在内，背于”

in-,il-,im-

inland,invade,inside,import

在……间，相互

inter-,intel-,

international,interaction,internet

向内，在内，内侧

intro-,

introduce,introduce

中，中间

medi-,med-,mid-

Mediterranean,midposition

在上面，在外部，在外

out-,

outline,outside,outward

在上面，在外部，向上

over-,

overlook,overhead,overboard

向后，在后边，次

post-,

postscript

在前、在前面

pre-

prefix,preface,preposition

在前，向前

pro-

progress,proceed

在下面，下

sub-,suc-,suf-,sung-,sum-,sup-,sur-,sus-

subway,submarine,suffix,suppress,supplement

在…..之上

super-,sur-

superficial,surface,superstructure

移上，转上，在那一边

trans-

translate,transform,transoceanic

在…..下面，下的

under-

underline,underground,underwater

向上，向上面，在上

up-

upward,uphold,uphill

时间，序列关系

先前，早于，预先

ante-,anti-

antecedent,anticipate

先，故，旧

ex-

expresident,exhusband

在前面，先前，前面

fore-

forward,forecast,foretell

中，中间

mid-,medi-

midnight,midsummer

在后，后

post-

postwar

在前，事先，预先

pre-,pri-

preheat,prewar,prehistory

在前，先，前

pro-

prologue，prophet

再一次，重新

re-

retell,rewrite

比较程度差别关系

副，次要的

by-

byproduct,bywork

超越，额外

extra-

extraordinary

超过，极度

hyper-

hypersonic,hypertension

超过，过分

out-

outdo,outbid

超过，过度，太

over-

overeat,overdress,oversleep

低，次，副，亚

sub-,suc-,sur-

subeditor,subordinate,subtropical

超过

super-,sur-

supernature,superpower,surplus,surpass

低劣，低下

under-

undersize,undergrown,underproduction

副，次

vice-

vicepresident,vicechairman

共同，相等意思

共同，一起

com-,cop-,con-,cor-,co-

connect,combine,collect,combat,coexist,co-operate

同，共，和，类

syn-,syl-,sym-

symmetry,sympathy,synthesis

整个完全意思

完整，完全

al-

alone,almost,overall

完全，全

over-

overall,overflow

全，总，万

pan-

Panentheism,panorama

分离，离开意思

分离，离开

a-，ab-,abs-

away,apart,abstract,abstain

离去，处去

de-

depart,decolour

分离，离开

dis-,di-,dif-

divorce,disarm

离开，分离

ex-,e-

expel,exclude,expatriate

离开，脱离

for-

forget,forgive

离开

re-

release,resolve

分离，隔离

se-

separate,seduce,select

通过，遍及

通过，横过

dia-

diameter,diagram

通，总，遍

per-,pel-

perfect,perform,pervade

横过，贯通

trans-

transparent,transmit,transport

加强

强化

arouse,ashamed

加强

ad-

adjoin,adhere

变换词类作用的前缀

be-,en-

befriend,enslave,enable,enrich

ad-,ac-,af-,ag-,an-,ap-,ar-,as-,at-

adapt,accord,affix,aggression,arrive,assist,attend,attract,arrange,assign

数量关系

单一、一

mon-,mono-

monotone,monopoly,monarch

单调

uni-,un-

uniform,unicellular

二，两，双

ambi-,bi-,bin-,di-,twi-

ambiguous,amphibian,bicycle,diode,twilight

三

tri-

tripod,tricycle

十，十分之一

deca,deco-,dec-,deci-

decade,decimal

百，百分之一

hecto-,hect-,centi-

hectometer,centimeter,centipede

千，千分之一

kilo-

kilometer

万，万分之一

myria-,myri-,mega-,meg-,micro-

myriametre,megabyte,microvolt

许多，复，多数

poly-,multi-

polysyllable,multipmetre

半，一半

hemi-,demi-,semi-,pene-,pen-

hemisphere,demiofficial,semiconductor,semitransparent,peninsula

特殊意义

首位，第一的，主要的

arch-

architect,archbishop

自己，独立，自动

auto-

automobile,autobiography

善，福

bene-

benefit

优，美好

eu-

eugenics,euphemism

恶，不良

male-,mal-

maltreatment,malodor

大，宏大

macro-

macroscopic

大

magni-

magnificent

微

micro-

microscope

术语

听，声

aud-

audience

生命，生物

bio-

biography

地球，大地

geo-

Geography,geology,geometry,geopolitics,geochemistry,geophysics

声，音调

phon-

phonograph

远

tele-

television,telephone,telescope,telemeter

2.常见后缀

序号

类别

小类

前缀

例示

名

词

后

缀

具有某种职业或动作的人

-an,-ian

American,historian

-al

principal

-ant,-ent

merchant,agent,servant,student

-ar

scholar,liar,peddler

-ard,-art

coward,laggard,braggart

-arian

humanitarian,vegetarian

-ary

secretary,missionary

-ate

candidate,graduate

-ator

educator,speculator

-crat

democrat,bureaucrat

-ee

employee,examinee

-eer

engineer,volunteer

-er

banker,observer,Londoner,villager

-ese

Japanese,Cantonese

-ess

actress,hostess,manageress

-eur

amateur,litterateur

-ian

Christian,physician,musician

-ician

electrician,magician,technician

-icist

physicist,phoneticist,technicist

-ic

mechanic,critic

-ie

dearie,auntie,lassie

-ier

cavalier,clothier,brazier

-ine,ina

heroine,ballerina

-ist

pianist,communist,dentist,artist,chemist

-ive

native,captive

-logist

biologist,geologist

-or

author,doctor,operator

-ster

youngster,gamester,songster

名

词

后

缀

构成，具有抽象名词的含义

-acy

accuracy,diplomacy

-age

courage,storage,marriage

-al

refusal,arrival,survival,denial,approval;manual,signal,editorial,journal

-ance,-ence

endurance,importance,diligence,difference,obedience

-ancy,-ency

frequency,urgency,efficiency,

-bility

possibility,feasibility

-craft

woodcraft,handicraft,statecraft

-cracy

bureaucracy,democracy

-cy

bankruptcy,supremacy

-dom

freedom,kingdom,wisdom

-ery,-ry

bravery,bribery,rivalry

-ety

variety,dubiety

-faction,-facture

satisfaction,manufacture

-hood

childhood,manhood,falsehood

-ice

notice,justice,service

-ine

medicine,discipline,famine

-ing

building,writing,learning

-ion,-sion,-tion,-ation,-ition,

action,solution,conclusion,destruction,expression,correction

-ise

exercise,merchandise

-ism

socialism,criticism;colloquialism,heroism

-ity

purity,reality,ability,calamity

-ment

treatment,movement,judgment,punishment,argument

-mony

ceremony,testimony

-ness

goodness,kindness,tiredness,friendliness

or,-our

favor,error

-osity

curiosity

-ship

hardship,membership,friendship

-th

depth,wealth,truth,length,growth

-tude

latitude,altitude

-ure

exposure,pressure,failure,procedure

-y

glory,history,victory,inquiry

名

词

后

缀

带有场所，地方的含义

age

village,cottage

-ary

library,granary

-ery,ry

laundry,nursery,surgery

-ory

factory,dormitory,laboratory,observatory

带有学术，科技含义

-grapy

biography,calligraphy,geography

-ic,ics

logic,mechanics,optics,electronics

-ology

biology,zoology,technology

-nomy

astronomy,economy,bionomy

-ery

chemistry,cookery,machinery

-y

photography,philosophy

表示人和事物的总和，集合含义

-age

baggage,tonnage

-dom

newspaperdom

-hood

neighbourhood,womanhood

-ery

cavalry,ministry

-ure

legislature,judicature

表示物品和物质名称的含义

-ant,ent

solvent,constant

-al

signal,pictorial

-ar

collar,pillar

-er

boiler,computer,washer,cooker

-ery

drapery

-ing

clothing,matting

-ment

instrument,equipment,attachment

表示“细小”的含义

-cle

particle

-cule

molecule

-el

parcel

-en

chicken,maiden

-et

pocket,ticket

-etta,-ette,etto,

cigarette,essayette

-kin

napkin

-y

baby,doggy

-ling

duckling

-let

booklet

形容词后缀

带有“属性，倾向，相关”的含义

-able,-ible

movable,comfortable,applicable,visible,responsible

-al

natural,additional,educational

-an

urban,suburban,republican

-ant,-ent

distant,important,excellent

-ar

similar,popular,regular

-ary

military,voluntary

-ic

ical,politic,systematic,historic,physical

-ine

masculine,feminine,marine

-ing

moving,touching,daring

-ish

foolish,bookish,selfish

-ive

active,impressive,decisive

-ory

satisfactory,compulsory

-il,-ile,-eel

fragile,genteel

表示“相象，类似”的含义

-ish

boyish,childish

-esque

picturesque

-like

manlike,childlike

-ly

manly,fatherly,scholarly,motherly

-some

troublesome,handsome

-y

milky,pasty

表示“充分的”含义

-ful

beautiful,wonderful,helpful,truthful

-ous

dangerous,generous,courageous,various

-ent

violent

表示由某种物质形成，制成或生产的含义

-en

wooden,golden,woolen

-ous

gaseous

-fic

scientific

表示方向的含义

-ern

eastern,western

-ward

downward,forward

表示“倍数”的含义

-ble

double,treble

ple

triple

-fold

twofold,tenfold

表示“数量关系”的含义

-teen

thirteen

-ty

fifty

-th

fourth,fiftieth

表示国籍，语种，宗教的含义

-an

Roman,European

-ese

Chinese

-ish

English,Spanish

表示“比较程度”的含义

-er

greater

-ish

reddish,yellowish

-est

highest

-most

foremost,topmost

表示否定

-less

countless,stainless,wireless

动词后缀

表示"做成，变成，……化

-ize,ise

modernize,mechanize,democratize,organize

表示"使成为，引起，使有

-en

quicken,weaken,soften,harden

表示"使……化,使成

-fy

beautify,purify,intensify,signify,simplify

表示"使，令”

-ish

finish,abolish,diminish,establish

表示“成为……，处理，作用”

-ate

separate,operate,indicate

副词后缀

-ly

possibly,swiftly,simply

-ward,-wards

downward,inwards,upward

-ways

always,sideways

-wise

otherwise,clockwise

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