考研英语真题一真题及解析.docx

考研英语真题一真题及解析.docx

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考研英语真题一真题及解析

2021考研英语真题〔一〕

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions：

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword〔s〕foreachnumberedblankandmark[A]，[B]，[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.〔10points〕

AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughteras―abodilyexerciseprecioustohealth.‖But

1someclaimstothecontrary，laughingprobablyhaslittleinfluenceonphysicalfitnessLaughterdoes2short-termchangesinthefunctionoftheheartanditsbloodvessels，3_heartrateandoxygenconsumptionButbecausehardlaughterisdifficultto4，agoodlaughisunlikelytohave

5benefitstheway，say，walkingorjoggingdoes.

Althoughsadnessalso14tears，evidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflow15muscularresponses.Inanexperimentpublishedin1988，socialpsychologistFritzStrackoftheUniversityofwürzburginGermanyaskedvolunteersto16apeneitherwiththeirteeth-therebycreatinganartificialsmile–orwiththeirlips，whichwouldproducea〔n〕17expression.Thoseforcedtoexercisetheirenthusiasticallytofunnycatoonsthandidthosewhosemonthswerecontractedinafrown，

19thatexpressionsmayinfluenceemotionsratherthanjusttheotherwayaround20，thephysicalactoflaughtercouldimprovemood.

1.[A]among[B]except[C]despite[D]like2.[A]reflect[B]demand[C]indicate[D]produce

3.[A]stabilizing[B]boosting[C]impairing[D]determining4.[A]transmit[B]sustain[C]evaluate[D]observe5.[A]measurable[B]manageable[C]affordable[D]renewable

6.[A]Inturn[B]Infact[C]Inaddition[D]Inbrief

7.[A]opposite[B]impossible[C]average[D]expected8.[A]hardens[B]weakens[C]tightens[D]relaxes9.[A]aggravate[B]generate[C]moderate[D]enhance10.[A]physical[B]mental[C]subconscious[D]internal11.[A]Exceptfor[B]Accordingto[C]Dueto[D]Asfor12.[A]with[B]on[C]in[D]at

13.[A]unless[B]until[C]if[D]because14.[A]exhausts[B]follows[C]precedes[D]suppresses15.[A]into[B]from[C]towards[D]beyond16.[A]fetch[B]bite[C]pick[D]hold

17.[A]disappointed[B]excited[C]joyful[D]indifferent18.[A]adapted[B]catered[C]turned[D]reacted19.[A]suggesting[B]requiring[C]mentioning[D]supposing20.[A]Eventually[B]Consequently[C]Similarly[D]Conversely

PartADirections：

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A]，[B]，[C]

or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.〔40points〕Text1

ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthetalkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2021.Forthemostpart，theresponsehasbeenfavorable，tosaytheleast.―Hooray！

Atlast！

‖wroteAnthonyTommasini，asober-sidedclassical-musiccritic.

Onepossibleresponseisforclassicalperformerstoprogramattractivenewmusicthatisnotyetavailableonrecord.Gilbert‗sowninterestinnewmusichasbeenwidelynoted：

AlexRoss，aclassical-musiccritic，hasdescribedhimasamanwhoiscapableofturningthePhilharmonicinto―amarkedlydifferent，morevibrantorganization.‖Butwhatwillbethenatureofthatdifference？

Merelyexpandingtheorchestra‘srepertoirewillnotbeenough.IfGilbertandthePhilharmonicaretosucceed，theymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetweenAmerica‗soldestorchestraandthenewaudienceithopstoattract.

21.WelearnfromPara.1thatGilbert‗sappointmenthas[A]incurredcriticism.

[B]raisedsuspicion.[C]receivedacclaim.[D]arousedcuriosity.

22.TommasiniregardsGilbertasanartistwhois[A]influential.

[B]modest.

[C]respectable.[D]talented.

23.

Theauthorbelievesthatthedevotedconcertgoers[A]ignoretheexpensesofliveperformances.[B]rejectmostkindsofrecordedperformances.

alone.InrecentweekstheNo.2executivesatAvonandAmericanExpressquitwiththeexplanationthattheywerelookingforaCEOpost.Asboardsscrutinizesuccessionplansinresponsetoshareholderpressure，executiveswhodon‘tgetthenodalsomaywishtomoveon.Aturbulentbusinessenvironmentalsohasseniormanagerscautiousoflettingvaguepronouncementscloudtheirreputations.

Asthefirstsignsofrecoverybegintotakehold，deputychiefsmaybemorewillingtomakethejumpwithoutanet.Inthethirdquarter，CEOturnoverwasdown23%fromayearagoasnervousboardsstuckwiththeleaderstheyhad，accordingtoLiberumResearch.Astheeconomypicksup，opportunitieswillaboundforaspiringleaders.

Thedecisiontoquitaseniorpositiontolookforabetteroneisunconventional.ForyearsexecutivesandheadhuntershaveadheredtotherulethatthemostattractiveCEOcandidatesaretheoneswhomustbepoached.SaysKorn/FerryseniorpartnerDennisCarey：

―Ican‗tthinkofasinglesearchI‘vedonewhereaboardhasnotinstructedmetolookatsittingCEOsfirst.‖

Manyrecruiterssaytheolddisgraceisfadingfortopperformers.Thefinancialcrisishasmadeitmoreacceptabletobebetweenjobsortoleaveabadone.―Thetraditionalrulewasit‗ssafertostaywhereyouare，butthat‘sbeenfundamentallyinverted，‖saysoneheadhunter.―Thepeoplewho‗vebeenhurttheworstarethosewho‘vestayedtoolong.‖

26.WhenMcGeeannouncedhisdeparture，hismannercanbestbedescribedasbeing[A]arrogant.

[B]frank.

[C]self-centered.[D]impulsive.

27.AccordingtoParagraph2，seniorexecutives‗quittingmaybespurredby[A]theirexpectationofbetterfinancialstatus.

[B]theirneedtoreflectontheirprivatelife.

[C]theirstrainedrelationswiththeboards.[D]theirpursuitofnewcareergoals.

28.Theword―poached‖〔Line3，Paragraph4〕mostprobablymeans[A]approvedof.

[B]attendedto.[C]huntedfor.[D]guardedagainst.

29.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat[A]topperformersusedtoclingtotheirposts.[B]loyaltyoftopperformersisgettingout-dated.[C]topperformerscaremoreaboutreputations.[D]it‗ssafertosticktothetraditionalrules.

30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext？

[A]CEOs：

WheretoGo？

[B]CEOs：

AlltheWayUp？

[C]TopManagersJumpwithoutaNet

[D]TheOnlyWayOutforTopPerformers

Text3

social-mediaresponsecampaign，whichincludedeffortstoengagewithconsumersdirectlyonsitessuchasTwitterandthesocial-newssiteDigg.

31.Consumersmaycreate―earned‖mediawhentheyare

[A]obscssedwithonlineshoppingatcertainWebsites.

[B]inspiredbyproduct-promotinge-mailssenttothem.

[C]eagertohelptheirfriendspromotequalityproducts.

[D]

32.AccordingtoParagraph2，soldmediafeature

[A]asafebusinessenvironment.

[B]

[C]strongusertraffic.

[D]flexibilityinorganization.

33.TheauthorindicatesinParagraph3thatearnedmedia

[A]inviteconstantconflictswithpassionateconsumers.

[B]canbeusedtoproducenegativeeffectsinmarketing.

[C]

[D]

34.ToyotaMotor‗sexperienceiscitedasanexampleof

[A]

respondingeffectivelytohijackedmedia.

[B]persuadingcustomersintoboycottingproducts.

[C]cooperatingwithsupportiveconsumers.

[D]takingadvantageofhijackedmedia.

35.Whichofthefollowingisthetextmainlyabout？

[A]Alternativestoconventionalpaidmedia.

[B]Conflictbetweenhijackedandearnedmedia.

[C]Dominanceofhijackedmedia.

[D]Popularityofownedmedia.

Text4

ThemagazinecovershowinganattractivemotherholdingacutebabyishardlytheonlyMadonna-and-childimageonnewsstandsthisweek.Therearealsostoriesaboutnewlyadoptive–and

newlysingle–momSandraBullock，aswellastheusual―JenniferAnistonispregnant‖news.Practicallyeveryweekfeaturesatleastonecelebritymom，ormom-to-be，smilingonthenewsstands.

Inasocietythatsopersistentlycelebratesprocreation，isitanywonderthatadmittingyouregrethavingchildrenisequivalenttoadmittingyousupportkitten-killing？

Itdoesn‗tseemquitefair，then，

Ofcourse，theimageofparenthoodthatcelebritymagazineslikeUsWeeklyandPeoplepresentishugelyunrealistic，especiallywhentheparentsaresinglemotherslikeBullock.Accordingtoseveralstudiesconcludingthatparentsarelesshappythanchildlesscouples，singleparentsaretheleasthappyofall.Noshockthere，consideringhowmuchworkitistoraiseakidwithoutapartnertoleanon；yettohearSandraandBritneytellit，raisingakidontheir―own‖〔read：

withround-the-clockhelp〕isapieceofcake.

It‗shardtoimaginethatmanypeoplearedumbenoughtowantchildrenjustbecauseReeseandAngelinamakeitlooksoglamorous：

mostadultsunderstandthatababyisnotahaircut.Butit‘sinterestingtowonderiftheimagesweseeeveryweekofstress-free，happiness-enhancingparenthoodaren‗tinsomesmall，subconsciouswaycontributingtoourowndissatisfactionswiththeactual

experience，inthesamewaythatasmallpartofushopedgetting―theRachel‖mightmakeuslookjustalittlebitlikeJenniferAniston.

36.JenniferSeniorsuggestsinherarticlethatraisingachildcanbring[A]temporarydelight

[B]enjoymentinprogress[C]happinessinretrospect[D]lastingreward

37.WelearnfromParagraph2that

[A]celebritymomsareapermanentsourceforgossip.[B]singlemotherswithbabiesdeservegreaterattention.[C]newsaboutpregnantcelebritiesisentertaining.[D]havingchildrenishighlyvaluedbythepublic.

38.ItissuggestedinParagraph3thatchildlessfolks[A]areconstantlyexposedtocriticism.

[B]arelargelyignoredbythemedia.

[C]failtofulfilltheirsocialresponsibilities.[D]arelesslikelytobesatisfiedwiththeirlife.

39.AccordingtoParagraph4，themessageconveyedbycelebritymagazinesis[A]soothing.

40.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph？

[A]Havingchildrencontributeslittletotheglamourofcelebritymoms.

[B]Celebritymomshaveinfluencedourattitudeto