编辑年职称英语真题理工aword完整版.docx
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编辑年职称英语真题理工aword完整版
(加拿大胸外科医师)学派网2013年职称英语真题理工(A)
第1部分:
词汇选项(第1-15题,每题1分,共15分)
下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线,请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1.Therulesaretoorigidtoallowforhumaneerror.
A.inflexibleB.generalC.complexD.direct
2.Thisspecieshasnearlydiedoutbecauseitshabitatisbeingdestroyed.
A.turneddeadB.passedbyC.carriedawayD.becomeextinct
3.Thecontractbetweenthetwocompanieswillexpiresoon.
A.shortenB.endC.startD.resume
4.Threeworld-classtennisplayerscametocontendforthistitle.
A.argueB.claimC.wishD.compete
5.Themethodsofcommunicationusedduringthewarwereprimitive.
A.simpleB.reliableC.effectiveD.alternative
6.Respectforlifeisacardinalprincipleofthelaw.
A.moralB.regularC.fundamentalD.hard
7.Thedrinkingwaterhasbecomecontaminatedwithlead.
A.pollutedB.treatedC.testedD.corrupted
8.Comeout,orI’llbustthedoordown.
A.shutB.setC.breakD.beat
9.Sheshedafewtearsatherdaughter’swedding.
A.wipedB.injectedC.producedD.removed
10.Theydidn’tseemtoappreciatethemagnitudeoftheproblem.
A.existenceB.importanceC.causeD.situation
11.Thetowerremainsintactevenaftertwohundredyears.
A.unknownB.unusualC.undamagedD.unstable
12.Manyexpertsremainskepticalabouthisclaims.
A.doubtfulB.untouchedC.certainD.silent
13.Theproposalwasendorsedbythemajorityofmembers.
A.rejectedB.submittedC.consideredD.approved
14.Rumorsbegantocirculateabouthisfinancialproblems.
A.sendB.spreadC.hearD.confirm
15.Thepolicewillneedtokeepawaryeyeonthisareaoftown.
A.nakedB.cautiousC.blindD.private
第2部分:
阅读判断(第16-22题,每题1分,共7分)
NewUnderstandingofNaturalSilk’sMysteries
Naturalsilk,asweallknow,hasastrengththatman-madematerialshavelongstruggledtomatch.InadiscoverythatsoundsmorelikeanancientChineseproverbthanamaterialssciencebreakthrough,MITresearchershavediscoveredthatsilkgetsitsstrengthfromitsweakness.Or,morespecifically,itsmanyweaknesses.Silkgetsitsextraordinarydurabilityandductility(柔韧性)fromanunusualarrangementofhydrogenbondsthatareintrinsicallyveryweakbutthatworktogethertocreateastrong,flexiblestructure.
Mostmaterials—especiallytheonesweengineerforstrength—gettheirtoughnessfrombrittleness.Assuch,naturalsilkslikethoseproducedbyspidershavelongfascinatedbothbiologistsandengineersbecauseoftheirlightweight,ductilityandhighstrength(poundforpound,silkisstrongerthansteelandfarlessbrittle).Butonitsface,itdoesn'tseemthatsilksshouldbeasstrongastheyare;molecularly,theyareheldtogetherbyhydrogenbonds,whicharefarweakerthanthecovalent(共价的)bondsfoundinothermolecules.
Togetabetterunderstandingofhowsilkmanagestoproducesuchstrengththroughsuchweakbonds,theMITteamcreatedasetofcomputermodelsthatallowedthemtoobservethewaysilkbehavesattheatomiclevel.Theyfoundthatthearrangementofthetinysilknanocrystals(纳米晶体)issuchthatthehydrogenbondsareabletoworkcooperatively,reinforcingoneanotheragainstexternalforcesandfailingslowlywhentheydofail,soasnotsoallowasuddenfracturetospreadacrossasilkstructure.
Theresultisnaturalsilksthatcanstretchandbendwhileretainingahighdegreeofstrength.Butwhilethat'sallwellandgoodforspiders,beesandthelike,thisunderstandingofsilkgeometrycouldleadtonewmaterialsthatarestrongerandmoreductilethanthosewecancurrentlymanufacture.Ourbestandstrongestmaterialsaregenerallyexpensiveanddifficulttoproduce(requiringhightemperaturetreatmentsorenergy-intensiveprocesses).
Bylookingtosilkasamodel,researcherscouldpotentiallydevisenewmanufacturingmethodsthatrelyoninexpensivematerialsandweakbondstocreatelessrigid,moreforgivingmaterialsthatarenonethelessstrongerthananythingcurrentlyonoffer.Andifyouthoughtyouweregoingtogetoutofthismaterialssciencestorywithouthearingaboutcarbonnanotubes(纳米碳管),thinkagain.TheMITteamisalreadyinthelablookingintowaysofsynthesizingsilk-likestructuresoutofmaterialsthatarestrongerthannaturalsilk—likecarbonnanotubes.Super-silksareonthehorizon.
16.MITresearcherscarryoutthestudytoillustrateanancientChineseproverb.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
17.Silk’sstrengthcomesfromitsweakhydrogenbondsworkingtogether.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
18.Biologistsandengineersareinterestedinunderstandingnaturalsilksbecausetheyareverylightandbrittle.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
19.Ifthehydrogenbondsbreakduetoexternalforces,theybreakfast.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
20.TheMITteamhadtrieddifferentmaterialsbeforetheystudiesnaturalsilkintheresearch.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
21.Carbonnanotubesarecurrentlythemostpopulartopicinmaterialsscience.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
22.Itisindicatedthatmaterialsstrongerthannaturalsilkcanbeexpectedinthefuture.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
第3部分:
概括大意与完成句子(第23-30题,每题1分,共8分)
下面的短文后有2项测试任务:
(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个最佳标题;
(2)第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。
BlackHoles
1.Blackholescanbebestdescribedasasortofvacuum,suckingupeverythinginspace.Scientistshavediscoveredthatblackholescomefromanexplosionofhugestars.Starsthatareneardeathcannolongerburnduetolossoffuel,andbecauseitstemperaturecannolongercontrolthegravitational(重力的)force,hydrogenendsupputtingpressureontothestar’ssurfaceuntilitsuddenlyexplodesthencollapses.
2.Blackholescomefromstarsthataremadeofhydrogen,othergasesandafewmetals.Whentheseexplodeitcanturnintoastellar-mass(恒星质量)blackhole,whichcanonlyoccurifthestarislargeenough(shouldbebiggerthanthesun)fortheexplosiontobreakitintopieces,andthegravitystartstocompacteverypieceintothetiniestparticle.Trytoseeandcompare:
ifastarthat’stentimesthesizeofthesunendsupbeingablackholethat’snolongerthan70kilometers,thentheEarthwouldbecomeablackholethat’sonlyafractionofaninch!
3.Objectsthatgetsuckedinablackholewillalwaysremainthere,nevertobreakfree.Butrememberthatblackholescanonlygobbleup(吞噬)objectswithinaspecificdistancetoit.It’spossibleforalargestarnearthesuntobecomeablackhole,butthesunwillcontinuetostayinplace.Orbitsdonotchangebecausethenewlyformedblackholecontainsexactlythesameamountofmassaswhenitwasastar,onlythistimeitsmassistotallycontractedthatitcanendupasnobiggerthanastate.
4.Sofar,astronomershavefiguredoutthatblackholesexistbecauseofAlbertEinstein’stheoryofrelativity.Intheend,throughnumerousstudies,theyhavediscoveredthatblackholestrulyexist.Sinceblackholestraplightanddonotgiveofflight,itisnearlyimpossibletodetectblackholesviaatelescope.Butastronomerscontinuetostudygalaxies,spaceandthesolarsystemtounderstandhowblackholesmightevolve.Itispossiblethatblackholescanexistformillionsofyears,andlatercontributetoabiggerprocessingalaxies,whichcaneventuallyleadtocreationofnewentities.Scientistsalsocreditblackholesashelpfulinlearninghowgalaxiesbegantoform.
A.Isthereproofthatblackholesreallyexist?
B.Whataredifferenttypesofblackholes?
C.Howareblackholesformed?
D.Howwereblackholesnamed?
E.Whathappenstotheobjectsaroundablackhole?
F.Whatareblackholesmadeof?
23.Paragraph1
24.Paragraph2
25.Paragraph3
26.Paragraph4
27.Blackholesareformedafter.
28.Whenalargestarexplodes,thegravitycompactseverypieceinto.
29.Anewlyformedblackholeandthestaritcomesfromareof.
30.AlbertEinstein’stheoryofrelativityhelpstoprove.
A.thecreationofnewentities
B.anexplosionofhugestars
C.thetiniestparticle
D.thesameamountofmass
E.theexistenceofblackholes
F.afractionofaninch
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第4部分:
阅读理解(第31-45题,每题3分,共45分)
下面有3篇短文,每篇短文后有5道题。
请根据短文内容,为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇ForecastingMethods
Thereareseveraldifferentmethodsthatcanbeusedtocreateaforecast.Themethodaforecasterchoosesdependsupontheexperienceoftheforecaster,theamountofinformationavailabletotheforecaster,thelevelofdifficultythattheforecastsituationpresents,andthedegreeofaccuracyorconfidenceneededintheforecast.
Thefirstofthesemethodsisthepersistencemethod;thesimplestwayofproducingaforecast.Thepersistencemethodassumesthattheconditionsatthetimeoftheforecastwillnotchange.Forexample,ifitissunnyand87degreestoday,thepersistencemethodpredictsthatitwillbesunnyand87degreestomorrow.Iftwoinchesofrainfelltoday,thepersistencemethodwouldpredicttwoinchesofrainfortomorrow.However,ifweatherconditionschangesignificantlyfromdaytoday,thepersistencemethodusuallybreaksdownandisnotthebestforecastingmethodtouse.
Thetrendsmethodinvolvesdeterminingthespeedanddirectionofmovementforfronts,highandlowpressurecenters,andareasofcloudsandprecipitation.Usingthisinformation,theforecastercanpredictwhereheorsheexpectsthosefeaturestobeatsomefuturetime.Forexample,ifastormsystemis1,000mileswestofyourlocationandmovingtotheeastat250milesperday,usingthetrendsmethodyouwouldpredictittoarriveinyour