1、编辑年职称英语真题理工aword完整版(加拿大胸外科医师)学派网2013年职称英语真题理工(A)第1部分:词汇选项(第1-15题,每题1分,共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线,请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1. The rules are too rigid to allow for humane error.A. inflexible B. general C. complex D. direct2. This species has nearly died out because its habitat is being destroyed.A. turne
2、d dead B. passed by C. carried away D. become extinct3. The contract between the two companies will expire soon.A. shorten B. end C. start D. resume4. Three world-class tennis players came to contend for this title.A. argue B. claim C. wish D. compete5. The methods of communication used during the w
3、ar were primitive.A. simple B. reliable C. effective D. alternative6. Respect for life is a cardinal principle of the law.A. moral B. regular C. fundamental D. hard7. The drinking water has become contaminated with lead.A. polluted B. treated C. tested D. corrupted8. Come out, or Ill bust the door d
4、own.A. shut B. set C. break D. beat9. She shed a few tears at her daughters wedding.A. wiped B. injected C. produced D. removed10. They didnt seem to appreciate the magnitude of the problem.A. existence B. importance C. cause D. situation11. The tower remains intact even after two hundred years.A. u
5、nknown B. unusual C. undamaged D. unstable12. Many experts remain skeptical about his claims.A. doubtful B. untouched C. certain D. silent13. The proposal was endorsed by the majority of members.A. rejected B. submitted C. considered D. approved14. Rumors began to circulate about his financial probl
6、ems.A. send B. spread C. hear D. confirm15. The police will need to keep a wary eye on this area of town.A. naked B. cautious C. blind D. private第2部分:阅读判断(第16-22题,每题1分,共7分)New Understanding of Natural Silks MysteriesNatural silk, as we all know, has a strength that man-made materials have long strug
7、gled to match. In a discovery that sounds more like an ancient Chinese proverb than a materials science breakthrough, MIT researchers have discovered that silk gets its strength from its weakness. Or, more specifically, its many weaknesses. Silk gets its extraordinary durability and ductility (柔韧性)
8、from an unusual arrangement of hydrogen bonds that are intrinsically very weak but that work together to create a strong, flexible structure. Most materials especially the ones we engineer for strength get their toughness from brittleness. As such, natural silks like those produced by spiders have l
9、ong fascinated both biologists and engineers because of their light weight, ductility and high strength (pound for pound, silk is stronger than steel and far less brittle). But on its face, it doesnt seem that silks should be as strong as they are; molecularly, they are held together by hydrogen bon
10、ds, which are far weaker than the covalent (共价的) bonds found in other molecules.To get a better understanding of how silk manages to produce such strength through such weak bonds, the MIT team created a set of computer models that allowed them to observe the way silk behaves at the atomic level. The
11、y found that the arrangement of the tiny silk nanocrystals (纳米晶体) is such that the hydrogen bonds are able to work cooperatively, reinforcing one another against external forces and failing slowly when they do fail, so as not so allow a sudden fracture to spread across a silk structure.The result is
12、 natural silks that can stretch and bend while retaining a high degree of strength. But while thats all well and good for spiders, bees and the like, this understanding of silk geometry could lead to new materials that are stronger and more ductile than those we can currently manufacture. Our best a
13、nd strongest materials are generally expensive and difficult to produce (requiring high temperature treatments or energy-intensive processes). By looking to silk as a model, researchers could potentially devise new manufacturing methods that rely on inexpensive materials and weak bonds to create les
14、s rigid, more forgiving materials that are nonetheless stronger than anything currently on offer. And if you thought you were going to get out of this materials science story without hearing about carbon nanotubes (纳米碳管), think again. The MIT team is already in the lab looking into ways of synthesiz
15、ing silk-like structures out of materials that are stronger than natural silk like carbon nanotubes. Super-silks are on the horizon.16. MIT researchers carry out the study to illustrate an ancient Chinese proverb.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned17. Silks strength comes from its weak hydrogen bonds
16、 working together.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned18. Biologists and engineers are interested in understanding natural silks because they are very light and brittle.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned19. If the hydrogen bonds break due to external forces, they break fast.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not me
17、ntioned20. The MIT team had tried different materials before they studies natural silk in the research.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned21. Carbon nanotubes are currently the most popular topic in materials science.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned22. It is indicated that materials stronger than n
18、atural silk can be expected in the future.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned第3部分:概括大意与完成句子(第23-30题,每题1分,共8分)下面的短文后有2项测试任务:(1)第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个最佳标题;(2)第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。Black Holes1. Black holes can be best described as a sort of vacuum, sucking up everything in space. Scienti
19、sts have discovered that black holes come from an explosion of huge stars. Stars that are near death can no longer burn due to loss of fuel, and because its temperature can no longer control the gravitational (重力的) force, hydrogen ends up putting pressure onto the stars surface until it suddenly exp
20、lodes then collapses. 2. Black holes come from stars that are made of hydrogen, other gases and a few metals. When these explode it can turn into a stellar-mass (恒星质量) black hole, which can only occur if the star is large enough (should be bigger than the sun) for the explosion to break it into piec
21、es, and the gravity starts to compact every piece into the tiniest particle. Try to see and compare: if a star thats ten times the size of the sun ends up being a black hole thats no longer than 70 kilometers, then the Earth would become a black hole thats only a fraction of an inch!3. Objects that
22、get sucked in a black hole will always remain there, never to break free. But remember that black holes can only gobble up (吞噬) objects within a specific distance to it. Its possible for a large star near the sun to become a black hole, but the sun will continue to stay in place. Orbits do not chang
23、e because the newly formed black hole contains exactly the same amount of mass as when it was a star, only this time its mass is totally contracted that it can end up as no bigger than a state.4. So far, astronomers have figured out that black holes exist because of Albert Einsteins theory of relati
24、vity. In the end, through numerous studies, they have discovered that black holes truly exist. Since black holes trap light and do not give off light, it is nearly impossible to detect black holes via a telescope. But astronomers continue to study galaxies, space and the solar system to understand h
25、ow black holes might evolve. It is possible that black holes can exist for millions of years, and later contribute to a bigger process in galaxies, which can eventually lead to creation of new entities. Scientists also credit black holes as helpful in learning how galaxies began to form.A. Is there
26、proof that black holes really exist? B. What are different types of black holes?C. How are black holes formed?D. How were black holes named?E. What happens to the objects around a black hole?F. What are black holes made of?23. Paragraph 1 24. Paragraph 2 25. Paragraph 3 26. Paragraph 4 27. Black hol
27、es are formed after .28. When a large star explodes, the gravity compacts every piece into .29. A newly formed black hole and the star it comes from are of .30. Albert Einsteins theory of relativity helps to prove . A. the creation of new entitiesB. an explosion of huge starsC. the tiniest particleD
28、. the same amount of massE. the existence of black holesF. a fraction of an inch大家网首发2013年全国职称英语考试教材-理工类电子版下载大家网首发2013年全国职称英语考试教材-卫生类电子版下载大家网首发2013年全国职称英语考试教材-综合类电子版下载大家论坛职称英语每日一练汇总2014年职称英语考试热点问题及备考方法(如教材、词典等问题)第4部分:阅读理解(第31-45题,每题3分,共45分)下面有3篇短文,每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容,为每题确定1个最佳选项。第一篇Forecasting Methods
29、There are several different methods that can be used to create a forecast. The method a forecaster chooses depends upon the experience of the forecaster, the amount of information available to the forecaster, the level of difficulty that the forecast situation presents, and the degree of accuracy or
30、 confidence needed in the forecast.The first of these methods is the persistence method; the simplest way of producing a forecast. The persistence method assumes that the conditions at the time of the forecast will not change. For example, if it is sunny and 87 degrees today, the persistence method
31、predicts that it will be sunny and 87 degrees tomorrow. If two inches of rain fell today, the persistence method would predict two inches of rain for tomorrow. However, if weather conditions change significantly from day to day, the persistence method usually breaks down and is not the best forecast
32、ing method to use.The trends method involves determining the speed and direction of movement for fronts, high and low pressure centers, and areas of clouds and precipitation. Using this information, the forecaster can predict where he or she expects those features to be at some future time. For example, if a storm system is 1,000 miles west of your location and moving to the east at 250 miles per day, using the trends method you would predict it to arrive in your
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