普通高等学校招生全国统一考试高考英语临考冲刺卷四.docx
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普通高等学校招生全国统一考试高考英语临考冲刺卷四
普通高等学校2018年招生全国统一考试临考冲刺卷(四)
英语
注意事项:
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2.选择题的作答:
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4.考试结束后,请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。
第Ⅰ卷
第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)(略)
第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(共15小题:
每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Infairytales,it'susuallytheprincessthatneedsprotecting.AtGoogleinSiliconValley,theprincessistheonedefendingthecastle.ParisaTabrizisa31-year-oldwithperhapsthemostuniquejobtitleinengineering-“GoogleSecurityPrincess”.Herjobistohackintothemostpopularwebbrowser(浏览器)ontheplanet,tryingtofindweaknessesinthesystembeforethe“blackhats”do.TodefeatGoogle'sattackers,Tabrizmustfirstlythinklikethem.
Tabriz'srolehasevolveddramaticallyintheeightyearssinceshefirststartedworkingatGoogle.Backthen,theyounggraduatefromIllinoisUniversitywasoneof50securityengineers---todaythereareover500.
Cybercrime(网络犯罪)hascomealongwayinthepastdecade-fromtheNigerianPrinceScamtocreditcardtheft.Tabriz'sbiggestconcernnowisthepeoplewhofindbugsinGoogle'ssoftware,andselltheinformationtogovernmentsorcriminals.Tofightagainstthis,thecompanyhassetupaVulnerabilityRewardsProgram,payinganywherefrom$100to$20,000forreportedmistakes.
It'saworldawayfromTabriz'scomputer-freechildhoodhomeinChicago.ThedaughterofanIranian-Americandoctorfather,andPolish-Americannursemother,Tabrizhadlittlecontactwithcomputersuntilshestartedstudyingengineeringatcollege.Gazeacrossaline-upofGooglesecuritystafftodayandyou'llfindwomenlikeTabrizarefewandfarbetween(稀少的)---thoughinthelastfewyearsshehashiredmorefemaletechgeniuses.Sheadmitsthere'sanobviousgenderdisequilibriuminSiliconValley.
Funnilyenough,duringtrainingsessionsTabrizfirstasksnewcolleaguestohackintonotacomputer,butavendingmachine.Tabriz'sjobisasmuchabouttechnologicalknow-how(专门知识)asunderstandingthepsychologyofattackers.
21.WhatcanwelearnaboutTabrizfromthepassage?
A.ShewasthefirstfemaleengineeratGoogle.
B.Shemustthinkdifferentlysoastodefeattheattackers.
C.Herjobrelatestonotonlytechnologybutalsopsychology.
D.Herfrequentcontactwithcomputersinchildhoodbenefitsheralot.
【解析】细节理解题。
根据文章最后一句话Tabriz'sjobisasmuchabouttechnologicalknow-how(专门知识)asunderstandingthepsychologyofattackers.Tabriz的工作对于技术的知识和对攻击者心理的理解一样重要,可知Tabriz的工作和技术以及心理学都有关系。
故选C。
【答案】C
22.WhyhasGooglesetupaVulnerabilityRewardsProgram?
A.ToprotectGoogleagainstcybercrime.
B.TomonitorthenormaloperationofGoogle.
C.Tohelpthegovernmentlocatethecybercriminals.
D.Toraisepeople'sawarenessofpersonalinformationsafety.
【解析】细节理解题。
根据第三段的句子Tofightagainstthis,thecompanyhassetupaVulnerabilityRewardsProgram联系上文,理解句子中this指代的就是上文说的网络犯罪,可知Google建立VulnerabilityRewardsProgram的目的就是对了保护Google免受网络犯罪的影响。
故选A。
【答案】A
23.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“disequilibrium”inParagraph4referto?
A.Imbalance.B.Preference.C.Difference.D.Discrimination.
【解析】词义猜测题。
联系上文you'llfindwomenlikeTabrizarefewandfarbetween(稀少的)---thoughinthelastfewyearsshehashiredmorefemaletechgeniuses.你会发现像Tabriz这样的女性非常少,尽管在过去几年她雇佣了更多的女性技术骨干。
可知这里Tabriz说的是在硅谷有明显的性别不平衡。
可判断“disequilibrium”的词义是“不平衡”。
故选A。
【答案】A
24.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleofthispassage?
A.Whatleadstocybercrime
B.The“SecurityPrincess”whoguardsGoogle
C.MeasurestakenbyGoogletoprotectitsusers
D.Howtobecomeanexcellentsecurityengineer
【解析】主旨大意题。
通读全文可知,文章向我们介绍了保护Google安全的“GoogleSecurityPrincess”ParisaTabriz以及她的工作。
故所以标题用The“SecurityPrincess”whoguardsGoogle“保护Google的安全公主”合适,故选B。
【答案】B
B
TheEnglishhaveadifficultand,generallyspeaking,dysfunctional(怪异的)relationshipwithclothes.Theirmainproblemisthattheyhaveadesperateneedforrules,andareunabletogetalongwithoutthem.Thishelpstoexplainwhytheyhaveaninternationalreputationfordressingingeneralverybadly,butwithspecificareasofexcellence,suchashigh-classmen’ssuits,ceremonialcostumes,andinnovative(革新的)streetfashion.Inotherwords,weEnglishdressbestwhenweare“inuniform”.
YoumaybesurprisedthatIamincluding“innovativestreetfashion”inthecategoryoftheuniform.Surelytheparrot-hairedpunks(朋克摇滚乐迷)ortheVictorianvampiregothsarebeingoriginal,notfollowingrules?
It’struethattheyalllookdifferentandeccentric(古怪的)butinfacttheyalllookeccentricexactlyinthesameway.Theyarewearingauniform.TheonlytrulyeccentricdresserinthiscountryistheQueen,whopaysnoattentiontofashionandcontinuestowearwhatshelikes,akindof1950sfashion,withnoregardforanyoneelse’sopinion.However,itistruethatthestylesinventedbyyoungEnglishpeoplearemuchmoreeccentricthananyothernation’sstreetfashion.Wemaynotbeindividuallyeccentric,apartfromtheQueen,butwehaveasortofcollectiveeccentricity,and\yeappreciateoriginalityindressevenifwedonotindividuallyhaveit.
Another“rule”ofbehaviorIhaddiscoveredwasthatitisveryimportantfortheEnglishnottotakethemselvestooseriously,tobeabletolaughatthemselves.However,itiswellknownthatmostteenagerstendtotakethemselvesabittooseriously.
Thegoths,intheirscaryblackcostumes,certainlylookasiftheyaretakingthemselvesseriously.ButwhenIgotintoconversationwiththem,Idiscoveredthattheytoohadasenseofhumor.Iwasoncechattingtoagothinthefullvampirecostume—withawhiteface,deeppurplelipstick,andblackparrot-hair.IsawhewasalsowearingaT-shirtwith“Goth”.“Whyareyouwearingthat?
”Iasked.“Incaseyoudon’trealizeI’magoth.”heanswered,pretendingtobeserious.Webothburstoutlaughing.
25.WhatcanweknowabouttheEnglishpeople?
A.Theyneedrulestodresswell.B.Theyareinneedofuniforms.
C.Theyarecreativeingeneral.D.Theyleadtheworldtrend.
【解析】细节推理题。
根据第一段Theirmainproblemisdialtheyhaveadesperateneedforrules,andareunabletogetalongwithoutthem.可知,英国人在穿衣方面有规则束缚,故选A。
【答案】A
26.Whoisindividuallyeccentricindressing?
A.Ahigh-classman.B.Aparrot-hairedpunk.
C.TheQueen.D.Thefashioninnovator.
【解析】细节推理题。
根据第二段TheonlytrulyeccentricdresserinthiscountryistheQueen,whopaysnoattentiontofashionandcontinuestowearwhatshelikes,akindof1950sfashion,withnoregardforanyoneelse’sopinion.和Wemaynotbeindividuallyeccentric,apartfromtheQueen可知,在穿衣方面真正奇特的是女王,女王对时尚毫不在意,继续穿着她喜欢的衣服,一种20世纪50年代的时尚,不考虑别人的意见。
故选C。
【答案】C
27.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribethegoths?
A.Theydressbadly.
B.Theydressinanamusingway.
C.Theyareunabletolaughatthewaytheydress.
D.TheyarelessfashionablethantheotherEnglishpeople.
【解析】推理判断题。
根据最后一段TheGoths,intheirscaringblackcostumes,certainlylookasiftheyaretakingthemselvesseriously.和IwasoncechattingtoaGothinthefullvampirecostume--withawhiteface,deeppurplelipstick,andblackparrot-hair.IsawhewasalsowearingaT-shirtwith“Goth”.可知,TheGoths的穿着很有趣,故选B。
【答案】B
28.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?
A.HowtheEnglishDress
B.HowtheEnglishAdmireFashion
C.WhytheEnglishLikeUniforms
D.WhytheEnglishAreEccentricinDress
【解析】主旨大意题。
文章主要介绍了英国各类人穿衣的特点,其共性和个性。
故A项“英国人如何穿着”最适合作文章文章。
故选A。
【答案】A
C
Notlongago,peoplethoughtbabieswerenotabletolearnthingsuntiltheywerefiveorsixmonthsold.YetdoctorsintheUnitedStatessaybabiesbeginlearningontheirfirstdayoflife.Scientistsnotethatbabiesarestronglyinfluencedbytheirenvironment.Theysayababywillsmileifhermotherdoessomethingthebabylikes.Ababylearnstogetthebestcarepossiblebysmilingtopleasehermotherorothercaregivers.Thisishowbabieslearntoconnectandcommunicatewithotherhumanbeings.Onestudyshowsthatbabiescanlearnbeforetheyareborn.Theresearchersplacedataperecorderonthestomachofapregnantwoman.Then,theyplayedarecordingofashortstory.Onthedaythebabywasborn,theresearchersattemptedtofindifheknewthesoundsofthestoryrepeatedwhileinhismother.Theydidthisbyplacingadeviceinthemouthofthenewbornbaby.
Thebabywouldhearthestoryifhemovedhismouthoneway.Ifthebabymovedhismouththeotherway,hewouldhearadifferentstory.Theresearcherssaythebabyclearlylikedthestoryheheardbeforehewasborn.Theysaythebabywouldmovehismouthsohecouldhearthestoryagainandagain.
Anotherstudyshowshowmotherscanstronglyinfluencesocialdevelopmentandlanguageskillsintheirchildren.Researchersstudiedthechildrenfromtheageofonemonthtothreeyears.Theresearchersattemptedtomeasurethesensitivityofthemothers.Thewomenwereconsideredsensitiveiftheysupportedtheirchildren’sactivitiesanddidnotinterfere(干预)unnecessarily.Theytestedthechildrenforthinkingandlanguagedevelopmentwhentheywerethreeyearsold.Also,theresearchersobservedthewomenforsignsofdepression.Thechildrenofdepressedwomendidnotdoaswellintestsasthechildrenofwomenwhodidnotsufferfromdepression.Thechildrenofdepressedwomendidpoorlyintestsoflanguageskillsandunderstandingwhattheyhear.
Thesechildrenalsowerelesscooperativeandhadmoreproblemsdealingwithotherpeople.Theresearchersnotedthatthesensitivityofthemotherswasimportanttotheintelligencedevelopmentoftheirchildren.Childrendidbetterwhentheirmotherswerecaring,evenwhentheysuffered