话题一 科普热点 第1节.docx
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话题一科普热点第1节
第一节 原汁原创
Test1
ARobotwithaSenseofHumor
机器人也有“幽默细胞”,不仅会讲笑话,还能判断自己的笑话有没有“笑果”。
Wannahearajoke?
Thisniftylittlerobot’sgotafew—anditcantellifyou’reinterested.
RecentlytheJapanesecompanyHitachihasinventedarobotthathasitsownsenseofhumorandtheabilitytounderstandwhensomeoneelsedoesn’tshareit.
TheredandwhiterobotisknownasEMIEW2.Itstandsat80centimeters—notallerthanasmallchild—andisequippedwithapairofrollerskatesthatallowittoquicklymovearound.Therobotisprogrammedtorecognizekeywordsinasentence,suchas“howmany”,inordertounderstandwhatsortofquestionit’sbeingasked.
Thelittlerobotisfurtherprogrammedtounderstandawiderangeofhumanresponses,suchasshrugsornods.Ithastheabilitytocarryonashortconversationwithahuman—withoutbeinggivenascriptanditallowstherobottoworkoutwhetherornotthepersonit’stalkingtounderstandsitsjoke.Forexample,therobotisaskedhowmanypeopleworkattheHitachilab,anditanswers,“Wehavetwoswans.”Whenitshumanconversationpartnerappearspuzzled,therobotsays,“Yougotit?
I’mkidding.Wehaveabout800peopleworkinghere.”
“MaybeEMIEW2’ssenseofhumorneedsalotofwork,”saidHitachi’sHisashiIkeda,“itsabilitytounderstandhumanreactionswasanimportantstepforward.”“Thenewtechnologymakesitpossibleforarobottounderstandwhatahumanmeans,eveniftheygesture,”hesaid.
EMIEW2isshortforExcellentMobilityandInteractiveExistenceasaWorkmate.HitachihopestohaveEMIEW2providecompanytopeople,servingasahousepetorevenareceptionistorcaregiver.
http:
//
Notes:
1.nifty[′nIftI]adj.俏皮的;漂亮的
2.Hitachi日立,日本一家全球最大的综合跨国集团
3.response[rI′spɒns]n.反应
4.shrug[ʃrʌɡ]n.&v.耸肩
5.script[skrIpt]n.剧本
6.ExcellentMobilityandInteractiveExistenceasaWorkmate具有卓越的灵活性和交互性的工作伴侣
7.receptionist[rI′sepʃənIst]n.接待员
HaveaTry:
1.Howdoestherobotmovearound?
A.Byapairofrollerskates.
B.Byitstwolegs.
C.Byhumanbeings.
D.Byelectricity.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。
根据第三段中的“...isequippedwithapairofrollerskatesthatallowittoquicklymovearound.”可知该机器人使用脚底的滑轮装置进行活动。
故选A。
2.TherobotcandothefollowingthingsEXCEPT.
A.havingatalkwithhumans
B.makinggestures
C.tellingjokes
D.recognizingwhetheryouunderstanditsjokes
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。
根据第四段我们知道,机器人EMIEW2不仅能和人类交流,也可以讲笑话,而且还能判断自己的笑话是不是“太冷”,但没有说它自己能做手势,而是说它能理解大量的人类反应,如耸肩和点头。
故选B。
3.Weknowfromthereadingthat.
A.therobotdeterminesifyou’vegotthe“joke”ithasjusttoldbyaskingyouquestions
B.therobottellsperfectjokes
C.therobotcananswerwhateverquestionsyouask
D.therobotwillbeaperfecthouseorofficehelperinthefuture
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。
根据第四段可知,机器人判断人类是否理解了它的笑话是看他们的反应,而不是问他们问题,排除A;根据倒数第二段可知,虽然目前机器人的幽默感还不是很完美,但它已经具备理解人类反应的能力,故排除B;根据第三段可知,该机器人会从句子中选取关键字——比如说“多少”等——来尽力弄清问题的意思,所以对于人类提出的任何问题是不可能都能回答的,排除C;根据文章最后一段可知,它的最终目的是以某种形式提供陪伴,可能作为宠物,或者甚至作为接待员,所以正确答案为D。
Test2
FamilyMeals
随着我们长大,和家人围在一起吃饭的时间越来越少。
殊不知,餐桌之上,跟所爱的人交流想法、分享趣闻是一种幸福。
更有研究表明,跟家人一起进餐有助于身体健康。
TeenagerswhoturnofftheTVandsitdowntofamilymealsarelesslikelytohaveeatingdisorders,takedrugs,drinkorstruggleatschool.
Astudyhasconnectedeatingtogetherwithlowerratesofbulimiaandanorexia.Kidswhoareusedtoeatingroundthetablearelesslikelytotakeupsmokingtoloseweight.Besides,theyaremorelikelytohavemealsontime.
ResearcherBarbaraFiesesaid,“Inmanypeople’sopinion,teenagersdon’twanttobearoundtheirparentsverymuch.Besidesthis,theyaretoobusywiththeirstudiesandspendmoretimewiththeirfriends.”
Thestudyshowshappyfamilieshaveteenagerswhoeatwiththeirparentsoften.Theseteenshavelessbaddietordangerouseatinghabits.
“Formostparents,itisdifficulttogettheirfamiliestogetheraroundthetablesevendaysaweek.Butiftheycanhavethreefamilymealsaweek,itwillbegoodfortheirchildren’shealth,”sheadded.
ProfessorFiesehasfoundthatteenswhoeatatleastfivemealsaweekwiththeirfamiliesare35percentlesslikelytobe“disorderedeaters”.Eventhreefamilymealsaweekhelped,withyoungsters12percentlesslikelytobeoverweightthanthosewhoatewiththeirfamilieslessoften.
Theywerealso24percentmorelikelytoeathealthyfoodsandhavehealthyeatinghabitsthanthosewhodidn’tsharethreemealswiththeirfamilies.
Teenscanalsousefamilymealsasatimetogettheirthoughtsacross.ProfessorFiesesaid,“Familymealsgivethemaplacewheretheycangoregularlytocheckinwiththeirparentsandexpressthemselvesfreely.”
http:
//www.familyfirst.org.nz/research/researchonfamilymeals/
Notes:
1.eatingdisorders饮食失调症
2.bulimia[bu′lImIə]n.暴食症
3.anorexia[ˌænə′reksIə]n.厌食症
HaveaTry:
1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTareasonwhychildrendon’teatwiththeirparents?
A.Theydon’twanttobewiththeirparentstoooften.
B.Theyspendalotoftimewithfriends.
C.Theythinktheirparentsaretoostrict.
D.Theyaretoobusywiththeirstudies.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。
根据第三段可知,孩子们不愿意和父母一起吃饭的原因是:
他们不想太多地和父母在一起;他们学习很忙;他们花了更多的时间和朋友在一起。
故选C。
2.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?
A.Itishardforfamilymemberstosittogetherformealsoften.
B.ItisgoodforfamilymemberstowatchTVwhilehavingmeals.
C.Parentswillhavemealsontimeiftheyeatwiththeirchildren.
D.Teenagerswhohavemealswiththeirparentsarecleverer.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。
由于种种原因(见上一小题的解析),经常与家人一起吃饭不容易做到。
故选A。
3.Inthearticle,theauthorintendstotellus.
A.eatingtogetherasafamilycreatesbettereatinghabitslaterinlife
B.themoreoftenteenagershavemealswiththeirparents,thelesslikelytheybehavebadly
C.eatingwithparentsisimportant
D.themoreoftenteenagerseatwiththeirfamilies,thehealthiertheyare
答案 D
解析 写作意图题。
作者在文中主要告诉我们:
和父母一起吃饭的青少年更健康。
故选D。
Test3
IListentoColor
试想,没有“奼紫嫣红”、“五彩缤纷”,甚至是“蓝天白云”的世界会是什么样子?
色彩不再是双眼的专利,一只神奇的眼睛,会让你用双耳“聆听”这些绚丽多彩的颜色!
Icomefromaplacewheretheskyisalwaysgrey,whereflowersarealwaysgrey,andwheretelevisionisstillinblackandwhite.
Iactuallycomefromaworldwherecolordoesn’texist.Iwasbornwithachromatopsia.Iwasborncompletelycolorblind.SoI’veneverseencolor,anddon’tknowwhatitlookslike.Butsincetheageof21,Icanhearcolorthankstoamagicelectroniceyecalled“eyeborg”:
acolorsensorbetweenmyeyesconnectedtoachipinstalledatthebackofmyheadthattransformscolorfrequenciesintosoundfrequenciesthatIhearthroughmybone.
I’vehadtheelectroniceyepermanentlyattachedtomyheadandI’vebeenlisteningtocolorsnonstopsince2004.SoIfinditcompletelynormalnowtohearcolorsallthetime.
SinceIstartedtohearcolor,mylifehaschangeddramatically.Artgallerieshavebecomeconcerthalls.IcanhearaPicasso.Andsupermarketshavebecomelikenightclubs.Ilovehowtheysound.
Mysenseofbeautyhaschanged.Someonemightlookverybeautifulbutsoundterrible,andsomeonemightsoundveryharmoniousbutlookawful.SoIfinditreallyexcitingtocreatesoundportraitsofpeople.Insteadofdrawingtheshapeofsomeone’sfaceIwritedownthedifferentnotesIhearwhenIlookatthem,andthenIsendthemanmp3oftheirface.Eachfacesoundsdifferent.Icanevengivefaceconcertsnow,concertswhereIplaytheaudience’sfaces.Thegoodthingaboutdoingthisisthatiftheconcertdoesn’tsoundgood,it’stheirfault.
IalsofoundoutthatthingsIthoughtwerecolorlessarenotcolorlessatall.Citiesarenotgrey.Lisbonisyellowturquoise;Londonisverygoldenred...andhumansarenotblackandwhite.Humanskinsrangefromlightshadesoforangetoverydarkshadesoforange.Weareallorange.
Ifweextendoursenses,wewillconsequentlyextendourknowledge.
http:
//
Notes:
1.permanently[′pз:
mənəntlI]adv.永久地
2.turquoise[′tз:
kwɒIz]adj.蓝绿色的;宝石绿的
Sentence:
Ifweextendoursenses,wewillconsequentlyextendourknowledge.延伸感官,获得知识。
AbouttheAuthor:
NeilHarbisso:
尼尔·哈比森,西班牙艺术家,音乐家,但上天跟这位热爱艺术的青年开了一个小小玩笑,他天生色盲,对他来说,黑灰白,是所有对颜色的形容词。
从2004年开始佩戴一种电子装置——eyeborg,这个装置能识别颜色的频率并且转化成声音。
颜色变成了声音,周围的声音也有了色彩!
这只神奇的眼睛让尼尔的生活完全改变!
科技正在打破人类的某些壁垒,重塑我们的生活!
HaveaTry:
1.Theunderlinedword“achromatopsia”inthe2ndparagraphprobablyrefersto“”.
A.adiseasethatallowsonetoseeonlyblackorwhite
B.adiseasethatstopsoneseeinganything
C.hearingdisorder
D.arareconditionthatmakesonelovecolors
答案 A
解析 词义猜测题。
根据划线词后面的两句“Iwasborncompletelycolorblind.SoI’veneverseencolor,anddon’tknowwhatitlookslike.”可推测,作者天生就有“色盲”病。
故选A。
2.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“Artgallerieshavebecomeconcerthalls.”?
A.Artgalleriesarefilledwithnoisypeople.
B.Thecolorfulworldoftheartgallerieshasbeenchangedintoaworldfilledwithsoundsthroughthemagiceyeborg.
C.Worksattheartgalleriesarecreatedbygreatartists.
D.Byhearingcolor,theauthorcanseeacolorfulworld.
答案 B
解析 句意理解题。
根据文章对“神奇的眼睛”的介绍,我们知道,通过这支“神奇的眼睛”,所有的颜色就可以变成声音,所以,充满了缤纷色彩的“美术馆”就变成了一个充满了交响曲合奏的“音乐厅”。
所以选项B正确。
3.ThefollowingstatementsareallrightEXCEPT.
A.Neilwasborncolorblindbutnowfeelscolorthroughhearing
B.hewearsadevicethatproducessoundsbasedonfrequenciesofcolors
C.Neiloftenholdsfaceconcerts
D.accordingtoNeil,differentfaceshavedifferentnotesorsounds
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。
通读全文我们知道:
ArtistNeilHarbisso从一出生起就是全色盲,但现在,他的大脑里安装了一个设备,可以将颜色转变成听得到的频率。
虽然他看到的世界依然是灰暗的,但他能够“听”到由颜色组成的交响曲合奏,甚至能听到人们的脸和绘画。
这些情况说明他可以开一个关于“人脸”的音乐会,但并没有真正开“人脸”音乐会,所以,选项C错误。
Test4
OasisintheDesert
绿洲是浩瀚沙漠中的片片沃土,它就像是沙漠瀚海上美丽的珍珠,镶嵌在沙漠里,闪烁着神奇的色彩。
那么绿洲是怎样形成的呢?
Anoasisisafertilespotinthemiddleofadesert,anislandoflifeinanoceanoftemperatureextr