Ole Scheeren.docx

Ole Scheeren.docx

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OleScheeren

OleScheeren:

Whygreatarchitectureshouldtellastory

00:

12Formuchofthepastcentury,architecturewasunderthespellofafamousdoctrine."Formfollowsfunction"hadbecomemodernity'sambitiousmanifestoanddetrimentalstraitjacket,asitliberatedarchitecturefromthedecorative,butcondemnedittoutilitarianrigorandrestrainedpurpose.Ofcourse,architectureisaboutfunction,butIwanttorememberarewritingofthisphrasebyBernardTschumi,andIwanttoproposeacompletelydifferentquality.Ifformfollowsfiction,wecouldthinkofarchitectureandbuildingsasaspaceofstories--storiesofthepeoplethatlivethere,ofthepeoplethatworkinthesebuildings.Andwecouldstarttoimaginetheexperiencesourbuildingscreate.

00:

58Inthissense,I'minterestedinfictionnotastheimplausiblebutasthereal,astherealityofwhatarchitecturemeansforthepeoplethatliveinitandwithit.Ourbuildingsareprototypes,ideasforhowthespaceoflivingorhowthespaceofworkingcouldbedifferent,andwhataspaceofcultureoraspaceofmediacouldlookliketoday.Ourbuildingsarereal;they'rebeingbuilt.They'reanexplicitengagementinphysicalrealityandconceptualpossibility.Ithinkofourarchitectureasorganizationalstructures.Attheircoreisindeedstructuralthinking,likeasystem:

Howcanwearrangethingsinbothafunctionalandexperientialway?

Howcanwecreatestructuresthatgenerateaseriesofrelationshipsandnarratives?

Andhowcanfictivestoriesoftheinhabitantsandusersofourbuildingsscriptthearchitecture,whilethearchitecturescriptsthosestoriesatthesametime?

02:

01Andherecomesthesecondtermintoplay,whatIcall"narrativehybrids"--structuresofmultiplesimultaneousstoriesthatunfoldthroughoutthebuildingswecreate.Sowecouldthinkofarchitectureascomplexsystemsofrelationships,bothinaprogrammaticandfunctionalwayandinanexperientialandemotiveorsocialway.

02:

26ThisistheheadquartersforChina'snationalbroadcaster,whichIdesignedtogetherwithRemKoolhaasatOMA.WhenIfirstarrivedinBeijingin2002,thecityplannersshowedusthisimage:

aforestofseveralhundredskyscraperstoemergeinthecentralbusinessdistrict,exceptatthattime,onlyahandfulofthemexisted.Sowehadtodesigninacontextthatweknewalmostnothingabout,exceptonething:

itwouldallbeaboutverticality.

02:

51Ofcourse,theskyscraperisvertical--it'saprofoundlyhierarchicalstructure,thetopalwaysthebest,thebottomtheworst,andthetalleryouare,thebetter,soitseems.Andwewantedtoaskourselves,couldabuildingbeaboutacompletelydifferentquality?

Coulditundothishierarchy,andcoulditbeaboutasystemthatismoreaboutcollaboration,ratherthanisolation?

Sowetookthisneedleandbentitbackintoitself,intoaloopofinterconnectedactivities.Ourideawastobringallaspectsoftelevision-makingintoonesinglestructure:

news,programproduction,broadcasting,researchandtraining,administration--allintoacircuitofinterconnectedactivitieswherepeoplewouldmeetinaprocessofexchangeandcollaboration.

03:

38Istillverymuchlikethisimage.Itremindsoneofbiologyclasses,ifyourememberthehumanbodywithallitsorgansandcirculatorysystems,likeatschool.Andsuddenlyyouthinkofarchitecturenolongerasbuiltsubstance,butasanorganism,asalifeform.Andasyoustarttodissectthisorganism,youcanidentifyaseriesofprimarytechnicalclusters--programproduction,broadcastingcenterandnews.Thosearetightlyintertwinedwithsocialclusters:

meetingrooms,canteens,chatareas--informalspacesforpeopletomeetandexchange.Sotheorganizationalstructureofthisbuildingwasahybridbetweenthetechnicalandthesocial,thehumanandtheperformative.Andofcourse,weusedtheloopofthebuildingasacirculatorysystem,tothreadeverythingtogetherandtoallowbothvisitorsandstafftoexperienceallthesedifferentfunctionsinagreatunity.

04:

36With473,000squaremeters,itisoneofthelargestbuildingseverbuiltintheworld.Ithasapopulationofover10,000people,andofcourse,thisisascalethatexceedsthecomprehensionofmanythingsandthescaleoftypicalarchitecture.Sowestoppedworkforawhileandsatdownandcut10,000littlesticksandgluedthemontoamodel,justsimplytoconfrontourselveswithwhatthatquantityactuallymeant.

05:

02Butofcourse,it'snotanumber,itisthepeople,itisacommunitythatinhabitsthebuilding,andinordertobothcomprehendthis,butalsoscriptthisarchitecture,weidentifiedfivecharacters,hypotheticalcharacters,andwefollowedthemthroughouttheirdayinalifeinthisbuilding,thoughtofwheretheywouldmeet,whattheywouldexperience.Soitwasawaytoscriptanddesignthebuilding,butofcourse,alsotocommunicateitsexperiences.ThiswaspartofanexhibitionwiththeMuseumofModernArtinbothNewYorkandBeijing.

05:

35Thisisthemainbroadcastcontrolroom,atechnicalinstallationsolarge,itcanbroadcastover200channelssimultaneously.AndthisishowthebuildingstandsinBeijingtoday.ItsfirstbroadcastlivewastheLondonOlympics2012,afterithadbeencompletedfromtheoutsidefortheBeijingOlympics.Andyoucanseeattheverytipofthis75-metercantilever,thosethreelittlecircles.Andthey'reindeedpartofapublicloopthatgoesthroughthebuilding.They'reapieceofglassthatyoucanstandonandwatchthecitypassbybelowyouinslowmotion.

06:

14ThebuildinghasbecomepartofeverydaylifeinBeijing.Itisthere.Ithasalsobecomeaverypopularbackdropforweddingphotography.

06:

29Butitsmostimportantmomentismaybesillthisone."That'sBeijing"issimilarto"TimeOut,"amagazinethatbroadcastswhatishappeningintownduringtheweek,andsuddenlyyouseethebuildingportrayednolongerasphysicalmatter,butactuallyasanurbanactor,aspartofaseriesofpersonasthatdefinethelifeofthecity.Soarchitecturesuddenlyassumesthequalityofaplayer,ofsomethingthatwritesstoriesandperformsstories.AndIthinkthatcouldbeoneofitsprimarymeaningsthatwebelievein.

07:

07Butofcourse,there'sanotherstorytothisbuilding.Itisthestoryofthepeoplethatmadeit--400engineersandarchitectsthatIwasguidingoveralmostadecadeofcollaborativeworkthatwespenttogetherinscriptingthisbuilding,inimaginingitsrealityandultimatelygettingitbuiltinChina.

07:

28ThisisaresidentialdevelopmentinSingapore,largescale.IfwelookatSingaporelikemostofAsiaandmoreandmoreoftheworld,ofcourse,itisdominatedbythetower,atypologythatindeedcreatesmoreisolationthanconnectedness,andIwantedtoask,howcouldwethinkaboutliving,notonlyintermsoftheprivacyandindividualityofourselvesandourapartment,butinanideaofacollective?

Howcouldwethinkaboutcreatingacommunalenvironmentinwhichsharingthingswasasgreatashavingyourown?

08:

05Thetypicalanswertothequestion--wehadtodesign1,040apartments--wouldhavelookedlikethis:

24-storyheightlimitgivenbytheplanningauthorities,12towerswithnothingbutresidualinbetween--averytightsystemthat,althoughthetowerisolatesyou,itdoesn'tevengiveyouprivacy,becauseyou'resoclosetothenextone,thatitisveryquestionablewhatthequalitiesofthiswouldbe.

08:

29SoIproposedtotopplethetowers,throwtheverticalintothehorizontalandstackthemup,andwhatlooksabitrandomfromtheside,ifyoulookfromtheviewpointofthehelicopter,youcanseeitsorganizationalstructureisactuallyahexagonalgrid,inwhichthesehorizontalbuildingblocksarestackeduptocreatehugeoutdoorcourtyards--centralspacesforthecommunity,programmedwithavarietyofamenitiesandfunctions.Andyouseethatthesecourtyardsarenothermeticallysealedspaces.They'reopen,permeable;they'reinterconnected.Wecalledtheproject"TheInterlace,"thinkingthatweinterlaceandinterconnectthehumanbeingsandthespacesalike.Andthedetailedqualityofeverythingwedesignedwasaboutanimatingthespaceandgivingthespacetotheinhabitants.And,infact,itwasasystemwherewewouldlayerprimarilycommunalspaces,stackedtomoreandmoreindividualandprivatespaces.Sowewouldopenupaspectrumbetweenthecollectiveandtheindividual.

09:

35Alittlepieceofmath:

ifwecountallthegreenthatweleftontheground,minusthefootprintofthebuildings,andwewouldaddbackthegreenofalltheterraces,wehave112percentgreenspace,somorenaturethannothavingbuiltabuilding.Andofcoursethislittlepieceofmathshowsyouthatwearemultiplyingthespaceavailabletothosewholivethere.Thisis,infact,the13thfloorofoneoftheseterraces.Soyouseenewdatumplanes,newgroundsplanesforsocialactivity.

10:

05Wepaidalotofattentiontosustainability.Inthetropics,thesunisthemostimportantthingtopayattentionto,and,infact,itisseekingprotectionfromthesun.Wefirstprovedthatallapartmentswouldhavesufficientdaylightthroughtheyear.Wethenwentontooptimizetheglazingofthefacadestominimizetheenergyconsumptionofthebuilding.Butmostimportantly,wecouldprovethatthroughthegeometryofthebuildingdesign,thebuildingitselfwouldprovidesufficientshadingtothecourtyardssothatthosewouldbeusablethroughouttheentireyear.Wefurtherplacedwaterbodiesalongtheprevailingwindcorridors,sothatevaporativecoolingwouldcreatemicroclimatesthat,again,wouldenhancethequalityofthosespacesavailableforthein