高中英语新教材情境化新题人与社会良好的人际关系与社会交往教师版.docx

高中英语新教材情境化新题人与社会良好的人际关系与社会交往教师版.docx

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高中英语新教材情境化新题人与社会良好的人际关系与社会交往教师版

2021-2022学年高中英语新教材情境化新题

【命题情境】专题2人与社会-----良好的人际关系与社会交往

满分：

80时间：

90分钟姓名__________得分__________________

阅读理解（每小题2分，共30分）

A（2021·陕西榆林市教育科学研究所高三二模）

Aremarkablestudyfrom1976givesussomeinsightintohowandwhyrelationshipswithourneighborscanbesogoodforus.Surprisinglytoscientistsatthattime,resultsshowedthatcontactwithfamilymembers—evenone'sownchildren—hadlittleimpactonfeelingsofwell-beingorwillpower.Meanwhile,friendships,especiallythosewithneighbors,predictedlowerlevelsoflonelinessandworry,higherlevelsoffeelingsofusefulnessandself-perceivedrespectwithinthecommunity.

Thestudysuggeststhatacquaintanceandfriendshipwithneighborsaremoreeffectiveatincreasingwell-beingsincetheyarebasedonnearness,commoninterestsandlifestylechoices.Theneighborhoodrelationshipsarealsodevelopedvoluntarily.Familyties,ontheotherhand,areoftencharacterizedbyasenseofresponsibility,physicaldistance,andpersonaldisharmony.Laterstudiesconfirmtheimportanceofclosefriendshipsforpeopleover65,highlightingtheparticularimportanceoffrequentcontact.

Morerecentstudiesshowthatneighborlysupportisassociatedwithbetterwell-beingforindividualsinmid-to-latelife.Dataregardingneighborlyrelationshipsandgeneralwell-beingfrom1,071adultsaged40-70fromtheNationalSurveyofMidlifeDevelopmentintheUSwascollectedin1995,andagainfromthesameindividualsin2005.

Thestudyfoundthatthosewhohadlowcontactwithneighborsatthetimeofbothsamples,aswellasthosewhoexperiencedareductionincontactwithneighborsovertheyears,experienceddownwardtrendsinwell-being,asindicatedbyfeelingsofsadness,nervousness,restlessness,hopelessnessandworthlessness.

Itiscrucialtonoteherethedifferencebetweenfriendshipandneighboringorrelationshipswithneighbors.Whilefriendshipsarebasedoncommonaffection,neighboring,atitscoreisaninstrumentalrelationshipthatiscatalyzed（催化）bynearness.But,itdoesn'thavetobethisway.Whereneighborsarealsoclosefriends,thepotentialbenefitsareclear.Whilebothfriendshipandneighboringarebeneficialtowell-being,theyaremosteffectivewhenthetypesofsupportandassistancefrombothcoincide（同时发生）.

1．Howdoestheauthormainlydevelopparagraph2?

A．Byanalyzingdata.B．Bygivinginstructions.

C．Bymakingcomparisons.D．Byfollowingtheorderoftime.

2．Whatdeterminesneighborlyrelationshipsaccordingtothetext?

A．Nearness.B．Responsibility.

C．Physicaldistance.D．Acommonlifegoal.

3．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?

A．Theconflictsbetweenrelativesandneighborsareeasytooccur.

B．Theneighborhoodrelationshipsareformedundercompulsion.

C．Acloseneighborisbetterthanabrotherfaroff.

D．Contactwithfamilymembersisindifferent.

【答案】1．C2．A3．C

【解析】本文是一篇说明文。

文章介绍了邻里关系比家庭成员对人们更有影响力，分析其背后的原因并介绍了一些研究发现。

1．推理判断题。

根据第二段“Thestudysuggeststhatacquaintanceandfriendshipwithneighborsaremoreeffectiveatincreasingwell-beingsincetheyarebasedonnearness,commoninterestsandlifestylechoices.Theneighborhoodrelationshipsarealsodevelopedvoluntarily.Familyties,ontheotherhand,areoftencharacterizedbyasenseofresponsibility,physicaldistance,andpersonaldisharmony.Laterstudiesconfirmtheimportanceofclosefriendshipsforpeopleover65,highlightingtheparticularimportanceoffrequentconnection.（这项研究表明，与邻居的相识和友谊能更有效地增加幸福感，因为它们是建立在距离、共同的兴趣和生活方式选择的基础上的。

邻里关系也是自愿发展的。

另一方面，家庭关系往往具有责任感、距离和个人不和谐等特征。

后来的研究证实了亲密友谊对65岁以上的人的重要性，强调了频繁联系的特别重要性）”可推知，作者主要通过比较邻里关系和家庭关系来展开第二段。

故选C项。

2．细节理解题。

根据第二段中“Thestudysuggeststhatacquaintanceandfriendshipwithneighborsaremoreeffectiveatincreasingwell-beingsincetheyarebasedonnearness,commoninterestsandlifestylechoices.（这项研究表明，与邻居的相识和友谊能更有效地增加幸福感，因为它们是建立在距离、共同的兴趣和生活方式选择的基础上的）”可知，是接近度决定了邻里关系。

故选A项。

3．推理判断题。

根据第一段“Astudyfrom1976tellsushowandwhyrelationshipswithourneighborscanbesogoodforus.Surprisinglytoscientistsatthattime,resultsshowedthatconnectionwithfamilymembers-evenone'sownchildren—hadlittleinfluenceonfeelingsofwell-beingorwillpower.Meanwhile,friendships,especiallythosewithneighbors,predictedlowerlevelsoflonelinessandworry,higherlevelsoffeelingsofusefulnessandrespectwithinthecommunity.（1976年的一项研究告诉我们，与邻居的关系如何以及为什么会对我们如此有益。

令当时的科学家惊讶的是，研究结果显示，与家庭成员——甚至是自己的孩子——的联系对幸福感或意志力几乎没有影响。

与此同时，友谊，尤其是与邻居的友谊，预示着较低程度的孤独和担忧，较高程度的有用感和社区内的尊重感）”以及通读全文可知，文章介绍了邻里关系比家庭成员对人们更有影响力这一现象，并分析其背后的原因，同时介绍了一些研究发现，因此，通过这篇文章我们可以知道，近邻比远亲给我们带来的影响更大，更重要。

故选C项。

B（2021·江苏徐州一中高三其他模拟）

Mostofusarealreadyawareofthedirecteffectwehaveonourfriendsandfamily.Butwerarelyconsiderthateverythingwethink,feel,do,orsaycanspreadfarbeyondthepeopleweknow.Conversely（相反地）,ourfriendsandfamilyserveasconduits（渠道）forustobeinfluencedbyhundredsoreventhousandsofotherpeople.Inakindofsocialchainreaction,wecanbedeeplyaffectedbyeventswedonotwitnessthathappentopeoplewedonotknow.Aspartofasocialnetwork,wegobeyondourselves,forgoodorill,andbecomeapartofsomethingmuchlarger.

Ourconnectednesscarrieswithitfundamentalimplications（影响）forthewayweunderstandthehumancondition.Socialnetworkshavevaluepreciselybecausetheycanhelpustoachievewhatwecouldnotachieveonourown.Yet,socialnetworkeffectsarenotalwayspositive.Depression,obesity,financialpanic,andviolencealsospread.Socialnetworks,itturnsout,tendtomagnify（放大）whatevertheyareseededwith.

Partlyforthisreason,socialnetworksarecreative.Andwhatthesenetworkscreatedoesnotbelongtoanyoneindividual—itissharedbyallthoseinthenetwork.Inthisway,asocialnetworkislikeacommonlyownedforest:

Weallstandtobenefitfromit,butwealsomustworktogethertoensureitremainshealthyandproductive.Whilesocialnetworksarefundamentallyanddistinctivelyhuman,andcanbeseeneverywhere,theyshouldnotbetakenforgranted.

Ifyouarehappierorricherorhealthierthanothers,itmayhavealottodowithwhereyouhappentobeinthenetwork,evenifyoucannotrecogniseyourownlocation.Anditmayhavealottodowiththeoverallstructureofthenetwork,evenifyoucannotcontrolthatstructureatall.Andinsomecases,theprocessfeedsbacktothenetworkitself.Apersonwithmanyfriendsmaybecomerichandthenattractevenmorefriends.Thisrichgetricherdynamicmeanssocialnetworkscandramaticallyreinforcetwodifferentkindsofinequalityinoursociety:

situationalinequalityandpositionalinequality.

Lawmakershavenotyetconsideredtheconsequencesofpositionalinequality.Still,understandingthewayweareconnectedisanessentialstepincreatingamorejustsocietyandincarryingoutpublicpoliciesaffectingeverythingfrompublichealthtotheeconomy.Wemightbebetteroffvaccinating（接种疫苗）centrallylocatedindividualsratherthanweakindividuals.Wemightbebetteroffhelpinginterconnectedgroupsofpeopletoavoidcriminalbehaviourratherthanpreventingorpunishingcrimesoneatatime.

Ifwewanttounderstandhowsocietyworks,weneedtofillinthemissinglinksbetweenindividuals.Weneedtounderstandhowinterconnectionsandinteractionsbetweenpeoplegiverisetowhollynewaspectsofhumanexperiencethatarenotpresentintheindividualsthemselves.Ifwedonotunderstandsocialnetworks,wecannothopetofullyunderstandeitherourselvesortheworldweinhabit.

4．Whatcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraph?

A．Wecan'tbeeasilyaffectedbystrangers.

B．Weareconnectedandformasocialnetwork.

C．Wehavenegativeeffectsonothersocialmembers.

D．Wewillnotmakeadifferenceinaspecificgroup.

5．Whyisasocialnetworklikeacommonlyownedforest?

A．Itremainshealthyandproductive.

B．Ittendstomagnifynegativethings.

C．Itiscreativeandsharedbypeopleinthewholesociety.

D．Whatitcreatescanbeenjoyedbyeveryoneinthenetwork.

6．WecanlearnfromParagraph4that________.

A．whetherwearericherdependsonthenumberoffriendswemake

B．thewealthwepossesshasnothingtodowithindividualcontinuousefforts

C．sometimesoursuccessmaybelargelyduetoourpositioninsocialnetworks

D．wewon'tsucceedunlesswefullycontroltheoverallstructureofthenetwork

7．What'stheauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassage?

A．Tointroducethecharacteristicsofsocialnetworks.

B．Tourgepeopletounderstandhowoursocietyworks.

C．Toshowthesignificanceofunderstandingsocialnetworks.

D．Toexplainthepossibleconsequencesofignoringsocialnetworks.

【答案】4．B5．D6．C7．C

【解析】本文是一篇议论文。

文章主要论述了人际关系和社会网络的重要性。

4．推理判断题。

根据第一段的内容，尤其是最后一句“Aspartofasocialnetwork,wegobeyondourselves,forgoodorill,andbecomeapartofsomethingmuchlarger.（作为社交网络的一部分，无论好坏，我们都超越了自己，成为更大事物的一部分。

）”可推知，人与人之间是相互联系、相互影响的，形成了一个社会网络。

故选B项。

5．细节理解题。

根据第三段第二句“Andwhatthesenetworkscreatedoesnotbelongtoanyoneindividual—itissharedbyallthoseinthenetwork.（这些网络所创造的东西并不属于任何一个个体，而是由网络中的所有人共享的。

）”中的sharedbyall可知，这种网络创造出来的产品并不属于任何个人，是整个网络里面的人所共享的。

故选D项。

6．推理判断题。

由第四段第一句“Ifyouarehappierorricherorhealthierthanothers,itmayhavealottodowithwhereyouhappentobeinthenetwork,evenifyoucannotrecogniseyourownlocation.（如果你比别人更快乐、更富有或更健康，这可能与你在网络中所处的位置有很大关系，即使你不能识别自己所处的位置。

）”中的whereyouhappentobe可知，你的成功与你所处的社交网有很大的关系。

故选C项。

7．推理判断题。

通读全文，尤其是文章最后一句“Ifwedonotunderstandsocialnetworks,wecannothopetofullyunderstandeitherourselvesortheworldweinhabit.（如果我们不了解社交网络，我们就无法完全了解我们自己或者我们所居住的世界。

）”可知，作者写作本文主要是为了阐释社会关系网的重要性。

故选C项。

C（2021·江苏高三模拟）

Almosteveryonegossips.Andanewstudyfindsthatpeoplespendabout52minutesperday,onaverage,